Abstract: A semiconductor non-volatile memory for use in a computer or the like has an erasing electrode and a writing electrode provided adjacent to a floating gate electrode through respective tunnel oxide films. Rewriting of the memory is effected by applying a strong electric field to each of the tunnel oxide films through the erasing and writing electrodes only in the forward direction so that it is difficult for the tunnel oxide film to break down worn due to the application of the electric field.

Abstract: A non-volatile semiconductor memory device is comprised of a floating gate electrode disposed on and electrically insulated from a semiconductor substrate for storing electric charge. A tunnel insulating film is disposed in contact with the floating gate electrode to inject and extract the electric charge to and from the floating gate electrode in the form of an electric tunnel current flowing through the tunnel insulating film. The tunnel insulating film is composed of silicon oxide chemically-vapor-deposited at a temperature between 700.degree. C. and 900.degree. C. from the vapor mixture of dichlorosilane and dinitrogen monoxide on the order of 100 .ANG. thickness to thereby establish a breakdown current density more than 1.0 A/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A means is employed to blow a gas for forming a conductive film and a gas for forming an insulating film onto the surface of a specimen while it is being irradiated with an ion beam, in order to easily and quickly form a small conductive pattern and an insulating pattern in a laminated manner, and a means is employed to cut a pattern by the irradiation with an ion beam and to form a new electrically conductive pattern by blowing a gas while the pattern is being irradiated with the ion beam in order to accomplish an electric connection between the patterns, making it possible to locally cut or connect tiny patterns.

Abstract: Peptide or protein are immobilized on a solid surface and exposed to acid mixture for hydrolysis. The acid mixture comprises mainly hydrocloride and trifruoracetic acid. The temperature of it is in the range of 100.degree. to 180.degree. C. The time period of exposing is in the range of 5 to 120 min.

Abstract: A bio-thermo sensor has an enzyme-modified membrane directly supported on an IC thermal detector in face-to-face contact. The enzyme-modified membrane selectively reacts with a specific chemical substance to generate therein a reaction heat which is converted into an amplified output voltage indicative of the chemical substance by the IC thermal detector. The IC thermal detector includes Darlington-connected transistors which provide high sensitivity and quick response time.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a color member, e.g., a color filter for a display device. A conductive thin film layer having given plural patterns is formed on an electrically insulative substrate. On the conductive thin film layer, a colored layer is formed by electrodepositing a coloring material and polymer on the conductive layer. The substrate having the colored layer thereon is cut to produce plural color members.

Abstract: In an electro-optical element comprising a liquid crystal, such as a smectic liquid crystal, sealed between two substrates arranged to confront each other with a space of an order of .mu.m, if spacer particles for regulating the space between the substrates and phenol type curing agent-incorporated epoxy resin adhesive particles for moderating stresses generated by distortions or warps of the substrates are arranged in the space between the substrates, a minute uniform space, especially a uniform space of 1 to 3 .mu.m effective for a ferroelectric liquid crystal, can be maintained between the substrates. In this structure, alignmental films are not disturbed at all. Furthermore, even if a nematic or super-twist liquid crystal is used, a uniform space can be stably maintained between the substrates.

Abstract: A starting material composed of calcium carbonate is dissolved in a nitrate aqueous solution containing either Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2 or NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 under application of heat and pressure. The starting material is hydrothermally synthesized within the nitrate aqueous solution to effect the rapid growth of calcium carbonate single crystal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal element with an improved orientation layer and a coating composition for forming such an orientation layer. The orientation layer consists essentially of a polymer with a Mark-Houwink coefficient of not less than 0.85, the Mark-Houwink coefficient being represented by the formula [I]:[.eta.]=K.multidot.M.sup..alpha. [I]wherein [.eta.] represents intrinsic viscosity of the polymer determined by solution viscosity measuring method, K represents a constant, M represents molecular weight of the polymer, and .alpha. represents the Mark-Houwink coefficient. The coating composition comprises a polyfumaric acid ester represented by the formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, are the same or different and each represents a straight or branched alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, haloalkyl group, silalkyl group or siloxanylalkyl group; and a halogen-containing organic solvent.

Abstract: A method for detecting amino acid derivatives in which 2-anilino-5-thiazolinone derivatives of amino acids are reacted with radioactive iodine siotope-labeled amino compounds or with fluorescent amino compounds to form phenylthiocarbamyl amino acid derivatives. The phenylthiocarbamyl amino acid derivatives are detected with a high level of sensitivity by a radioactive detector or a fluorescence spectrophotometer.

Abstract: An apparatus actuates an objective lens in axial and circumferential directions through annular magnetic gaps which are formed by yokes and a magnet. In order to retain the objective lens in the neutral position in the circumferential direction, two or four magnetic pieces are mounted on a lens mount and disposed near the circumferetial ends of the annular magnetic gaps in which the force caused by the magnetic potential energy in the magnetic gaps acts on the magnetic pieces to pull them back in the direction of the magnetic gaps so that a magnetic spring for retaining the objective lens at the neutral position is formed by the magnetic pieces.

Abstract: A data stored display device such as wrist watch comprises a central processing unit, a transmitting and receiving means for transmitting and receiving data and including a coil, RAMs written in and read out data under the control of the central processing unit, a display panel for displaying data stored in the RAMs and a stand-by switch for changing the transmitting and receiving means for non-transmitting and receiving condition to a transmitting and receiving condition so that the data stored display device can be inputted data from an external controller such as a computer having a transmitting and receiving coil and can function as a display panel of the external controller.

Abstract: A system for collection of data and entry of the data to a host computer has a portable, hand held, data collector for collecting data and a stationary data relay for receiving the data from the data collector and for transmitting the data to the host computer. The portable hand held data collector includes a case of a size and shape to be held by one hand during use, a keyboard for inputting the data, displaying for displaying the data, memory for storing the data and an interface for transmitting the data to external. The data relay includes a case shaped to set the portable data collector thereon, of first interface for receiving the data transmitted from the data collector and of said interface for comunicating bidirectionally to the host computer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using inclined stage of a dicing saw in order to cut the semiconductor substrate obliquely with respect to the depthwise direction. When a plurality of semiconductor chips diced obliquely are connected, a degree of connecting accuracy is increased, and it is possible to realize a contact-type image sensor of high resolving power and high accuracy.

Abstract: A matrix electro-optical device is comprised of a plurality of picture elements arranged in a row-and-column matrix. A plurality of switching elements are formed on a substrate of the device and are series-connected to the respective picture elements to selectively drive the picture elements. The switching element is comprised of a non-linear-resistive layer composed of non-stoichiometric silicon nitride or silicon oxide and interposed between a pair of electro-conductive layers.

Abstract: A floating gate type semiconductor non-volatile memory injects carriers from a carrier supply region to a floating gate by a phenomenon called "punch-through" injection in which a space charge region is formed in a semiconductor substrate between the carrier supply region and a carrier injection region so as to accelerate the carriers and inject them into the floating gate without forwardly biasing the carrier injection region or the substrate.

Abstract: A color hard copy apparatus converts an analog video signal of a still picture frame displayed on a color graphic display into binary video data to obtain a multicolor gradation picture. A single analog-to-digital converter samples the analog video signal a plurality of times at respectively different threshold levels, each threshold level being maintained constant during the sampling of the entire picture frame, to convert the analog video signal into corresponding binary video data. The binary video data are written in a picture memory at predetermined write-in addresses according to a predetermined multicolor gradation picture program, such as an organized dither program or a density pattern, and the binary video data are read out of the picture memory according to the predetermined multicolor gradation picture program to obtain binary picture data signals for use in printing a high-quality multicolor gradation picture corresponding to the desired picture frame displayed on the color graphic display.

Abstract: A variable capacitive element is comprised of a semiconductor substrate having a major surface and a capacitive region under the major surface of the semiconductor substrate, a floating electrode disposed on and electrically insulated from the semiconductor substrate through an insulating film for storing electric charge to build up an electric potential in the floating electrode according to the stored amount of electric charge to thereby determine an amount of capacitance of the capacitive region, and a control electrode for injecting electric charge into the floating electrode. A terminal electrode is electrically connected to the capacitive region for electrically connecting the capacitive region to an external circuit. The terminal electrode is capacitively coupled to the floating electrode. A given voltage is applied to the terminal electrode to adjust the electric potential of the floating electrode through the capacitive coupling between the terminal electrode and floating electrode.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optical device utilizes a liquid crystal layer composed of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules. A first alignment layer is disposed in contact with the liquid crystal layer and has a uniaxial alignment characteristic effective to align the molecular axes of liquid crystal molecules immediately adjacent to the first alignment layer in a predetermined direction parallel to the liquid crystal layer. A second adjacent layer is opposed to the first alignment layer in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The second alignment layer has a random homogeneous alignment characteristic and a water repellency characteristic defined in terms of a water contact angle of more than 70.degree. jointly effective to align the molecular axes of liquid crystal molecules immediately adjacent to the second alignment layer in either of two orientation directions oppositely inclined relative to the predetermined direction in parallel to the liquid crystal layer.