Abstract: A gas sensing device for detecting a to-be-detected substance in a respiratory gas exhaled by a user includes a housing permitting entrance of the respiratory gas, and a sensing module disposed in the housing. The sensing module includes a light chamber permitting the respiratory gas to pass therethrough, a light source unit emitting light into the light chamber, first and second light sensing units outputting respectively first and second detected signals indicating first and second detected intensities respectively of first and second portions of the light whose wavelengths fall within first and second wavelength ranges, respectively, and a processing unit electrically connected to the first and second light sensing units and determining, based on the first and second detected signals, that the to-be-detected substance exists in the respiratory gas when a difference occurs in each of the first and second detected intensities over time.

Abstract: Disclose is a system and method for real-time measurement and feedback of metrology and metallurgical data during additive manufacturing (AM) part fabrication. This solution promises to provide higher performance, lower cost AM parts. A sensor is placed either in the rake/roller or following the rake/roller so that it has no impact on the process efficiency and can be used to provide real-time feedback and an archived digital map of the entire part volume. The solution provides non-contact sensing of AM layer's electrical conductivity in a high-temperature environment, metallurgical property verification, porosity imaging, local defect detection and sizing, local material temperature monitoring, and grain anisotropy imaging. Part geometry, the AM powder, and the laser/material interface are monitored in real-time. Dual mode sensing using magnetoquasistatic and optical sensors enhance results. Real-time nonlinear control of the AM fabrication process is performed based on the sensor data.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for inspecting challenging material locations such as holes. The system may include a sensor cartridge (“mandrel”) for hole inspection that has a helical portion to which a sensor array is attached. The radius of the helical portion can be increased or decreased by applying a torque to the helical portion thereby allowing the sensor to be inserted into a hole or pressed against the wall of the hole. A scanner is described to which mandrels can be quickly connected and changed enabling an inspector to quickly switch between different mandrels (e.g., for different holes sizes and sensor configurations). Also disclosed is an inspection procedure and data processing algorithm for performing an inspection. The data processing algorithm utilizes a signature library for enhancing the detection or sizing of features of interest such as cracks. The algorithm and library can account for material edges, various material types.

Abstract: Method, techniques, and apparatus of providing obscured feature detection. The disclosed embodiments provide an obscured feature detector to be placed on a surface to detect an obscured feature obscured by the surface, the obscured feature detector having a plurality of sensor plates arranged in an array. Measurements, via a sensing circuit, of capacitance readings sensed by the sensor plates in a plurality of regions are taken, each region corresponding to an area surrounding one or more of the at least three sensor plates. A comparison is made of the sensed capacitance readings in different regions using a controller coupled to the sensing circuit. The controller identifies an edge of the obscured feature and a centerline of the obscured feature, based on the comparison of the sensed capacitance readings. The controller activates an edge indicator to indicate proximity to the edge of the obscured feature and a centerline indicator to indicate the centerline of the obscured feature.

Abstract: Techniques for sensing faces based on capturing low-resolution images and machine learning are disclosed. One or more images are captured by a face identification sensor. The face identification sensor includes a low-resolution camera, a microcontroller, and an external memory. At least two machine learning models operate simultaneously on the microcontroller. A first neural network operating on the microcontroller detects one or more faces in the image that was captured. The detecting includes a first confidence score associated with each face in the one or more faces. A second neural network operating on the microcontroller recognizes the one or more faces, wherein the recognizing is based on a face ID. A second confidence score is assigned to each of the one or more faces that were recognized. The face ID is saved to the external memory, where the second confidence score that was assigned is below a threshold.

Abstract: Axially symmetric objects may require scanning for reasons such as quality inspection, remaining life prediction, and flaw detection. Scanning systems and methods are provided for test objects that may be substantially symmetric about an axis. The scanning system may have curved supports to provide mechanical support to the test object during scanning. The curved support may reduce bending of the test object during scanning and prevent permanent deformation that may otherwise occur during the scanning process. A sensor system may be mounted (at least in part) to a mounting rail such that a sensor may move axially along the rail during a scanning process. Measurement data may be collected and analyzed to assist in determining the disposition of the test object.

Abstract: Techniques for sensing surfaces based on reflected light and machine learning are disclosed. A housing is used, which includes a first light source and a first photosensor. The first light source is mounted to project light downward and the first photosensor is mounted to capture light reflected upward. Data from the first photosensor is used with a machine learning model. The housing is moved a minimum distance along the surface. The distance allows for detection, by the first photosensor, of reflected light from the first light source off the surface. Light is sent from the first light source. Reflected light from the first light source is captured by the first photosensor. An output of the first photosensor is interpreted by the machine learning model. The interpreting recognizes a surface texture. A composition of the surface is identified based on the texture.

Abstract: Systems are described for variably displaying at a display of an obscured feature detector a variable output responsive to signal strength at one or more sensor elements of the obscured feature detector. The variable output may vary by one or more of luminance, color, size, shape, etc.

Abstract: Obscured feature detectors are disclosed that have both the capability to sense the location of obscured structural features and the ability to warn a user of obscured live electrical wires in the vicinity. An interleaving component, such as a MUX, can interleave the sensing of obscured features and the sensing of live wires. The interleaving component is configured to alternately couple the electrical wire sensing element to the electrical wire sensing circuitry or to the common plate separately. Coupling the live wire sensing element to the electrical wire sensing circuitry can allow sensing of a live electrical wire and coupling the live wire sensing element to a known reference signal can allow sensing of obscured features.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a light emitting module, including: a linear light-guiding unit, including a light incident surface located on a side end thereof and a protrusive reflection structure disposed on a bottom side thereof; and a light emitting unit, disposed on the light incident surface. The light emitting unit is configured to emit a light to enter the linear light-guiding unit through the light incident surface, and the light is reflected by the protrusive reflection structure. On a side view, a first included angle is defined between the protrusive reflection structure and the bottom side, and the first included angle is greater than or equal to 15.0 degrees and equal to or less than 35.0 degrees.

Abstract: Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices, methods of operating the MEMS device, and methods of manufacturing the MEMS device are disclosed. In some embodiments, the MEMS device includes a glass substrate; an electrode on the glass substrate; a hinge mechanically coupled to the electrode; a membrane mirror mechanically coupled to the hinge; a TFT on the glass substrate and electrically coupled to the electrode; and a control circuit comprising: a multiplexer configured to turn on or turn off the TFT; and a drive source configured to provide a drive signal for charging the electrode through the TFT. An amplitude of the drive signal corresponds to an amount of charge, and the amount of charge generates an electrostatic force for actuating the hinge and a portion of the membrane mirror mechanically coupled to the hinge.

Abstract: A method is provided for coating a surface of a material with a film of porous coordination polymer. A first substrate having a first surface to be coated is positioned in a processing chamber such that the first surface is placed in an opposing relationship to a second surface. The second surface may be provided by a wall of the processing chamber, or in some cases the second surface may be provided by a second substrate to be coated. The first substrate is held such that a gap exists between the first and second surfaces, and the gap is filled with at least one reaction mixture comprising reagents sufficient to form the crystalline film on at least the first surface. A thin gap (e.g., less than 2 mm) between the first and second surfaces is effective for producing a high quality film having a thickness less than 100 ?m. Confining the volume of the reaction mixture to a thin layer adjacent the substrate surface significantly reduces problems with sedimentation and concentration control.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for inspecting challenging material locations such as holes. The system may include a sensor cartridge (“mandrel”) for hole inspection that has a helical portion to which a sensor array is attached. The radius of the helical portion can be increased or decreased by applying a torque to the helical portion thereby allowing the sensor to be inserted into a hole or pressed against the wall of the hole. A scanner is described to which mandrels can be quickly connected and changed enabling an inspector to quickly switch between different mandrels (e.g., for different holes sizes and sensor configurations). Also disclosed is an inspection procedure and data processing algorithm for performing an inspection. The data processing algorithm utilizes a signature library for enhancing the detection or sizing of features of interest such as cracks. The algorithm and library can account for material edges, various material types.

Abstract: A measurement system, its assembly and use are disclose. The system may include an instrument for making sensor measurements. The instrument has a substantially cylindrical housing. The shape and size allow the instrument to easily fit in an average hand enabling handheld operation. The housing houses a board stack of electronic boards. These electronics drive an electrical signal in at least one drive channel and measure responses from at least two sensing channels. These responses are provided to a processor for analysis. The instrument has a sensor connector that enables simultaneous electrical and mechanical attachment of an end effector.

Abstract: A sensing system is designed to include a plurality of linear sensors, where these linear sensors are spaced apart, positioned or disposed in parallel on a substrate. These sensors are provided to detect respective distances towards a target from different planes so as to generate a plurality of 2D maps. A thin or coarse 3D map is then generated from these 2D maps to facilitate movements of a mobile robot employing the sensing system.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aircraft design which incorporates a modular design including the use of one or more multi-motor assemblies where the motors are in series within the multi-motor assembly. Still further, the multi-motor assemblies may be configured to include modular motor assemblies or modular sections. Ultimately, the present invention provides an aircraft with the ability to easily assemble or expand the multi-motor assemblies and, in doing so, modify the characteristics of the aircraft. The modularity also enhances the ability to maintain the aircraft by enabling motors or the units housing each motor to easily be replaced.

Abstract: Obscured feature detectors are disclosed that have both the capability to sense the location of obscured structural features and the ability to warn a user of obscured live electrical wires in the vicinity. Apparatus, devices, and methods to detect a presence of hidden or obscured objects or features behind opaque, solid surfaces are disclosed. Beams, studs and columns behind walls and joists beneath floors can be located. Also, a presence of an electrical field strength associated with live wires behind walls and beneath floors can be detected. The location of obscured features and the electric field strength can be displayed simultaneously.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electromechanical systems structure includes manufacturing sub-micron structural features. In some embodiments, the structural features are less than the lithographic limit of a lithography process.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cargo-loaded cholesteryl ester nanoparticle with a hollow compartment (“cholestosome”) consisting essentially of at least one non-ionic cholesteryl ester and one or more encapsulated active molecules which cannot appreciably pass through an enterocyte membrane in the absence of said molecule being loaded into said cholestosome, the cholestosome having a neutral surface and having the ability to pass into enterocytes in the manner of orally absorbed nutrient lipids using cell pathways to reach the golgi apparatus. Pursuant to the present invention, the novel cargo loaded cholestosomes according to the present invention are capable of depositing active molecules within cells of a patient or subject and effecting therapy or diagnosis of the patient or subject.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sensing a user interaction (e.g., a fingerprint) with a display of an electronic device are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes illuminating, with a light source, a position of a user interaction on the display. In some embodiments, the method includes detecting, with a detector, a backscattered light from the position. In some embodiments, the light source and the detector are located on a same layer of the display.