Abstract: A method for designing a virtual abutment for manufacturing an abutment part of a dental restoration for a patient, the dental restoration further including a crown configured for being seated at the abutment, wherein the method includes loading a virtual anatomy surface into an electronic data processing device, the virtual anatomy surface expressing a target shape of the crown portion of the dental restoration; loading an obtained virtual abutment including a virtual abutment finish line into the electronic data processing device; and modifying the obtained virtual abutment by executing one or more computer implemented algorithms using the electronic data processing device, where the algorithms are configured to adapt the shape of the obtained virtual abutment such that the virtual abutment finish line of the modified virtual abutment is aligned with the virtual anatomy surface.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to asses to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient.

Abstract: A method, a user interface and a system for use in determining shade of a patient's tooth, wherein a digital 3D representation includes shape data and texture data for the tooth is obtained. A tooth shade value for at least one point on the tooth is determined based on the texture data of the corresponding point of the digital 3D representation and on known texture values of one or more reference tooth shade values.

Abstract: Disclosed in a method, a user interface and a system for use in determining shade of a patient's tooth, wherein a digital 3D representation including shape data and texture data for the tooth is obtained. A tooth shade value for at least one point on the tooth is determined based on the texture data of the corresponding point of the digital 3D representation and on known texture values of one or more reference tooth shade values.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for planning, visualizing, and/or optimizing dental restoration on at least a part of the pre-prepared teeth of a patient, wherein said method include the steps of: providing at least one 3D digital model of at least a part of the pre-prepared teeth; designing at least one dental restoration CAD model based on the 3D digital model of at least a part of the pre-prepared teeth; providing at least one 3D digital model of at least a part of the prepared teeth, where the prepared teeth are provided by preparing the pre-prepared teeth by dental restorative work, at least partly based on the dental restoration CAD model; and aligning the 3D models of the pre-prepared and the prepared teeth.

Abstract: Computer systems and methods in various embodiments are configured for improving the security and efficiency of server computers interacting through an intermediary computer with client computers that may be executing malicious and/or autonomous headless browsers or “bots”.

Abstract: Disclosed are a scanner system and a method for recording surface geometry and surface color of an object where both surface geometry information and surface color information for a block of said image sensor pixels at least partly from one 2D image recorded by said color image sensor.

Abstract: A method for setting the axis of rotation between a virtual maxillary model and a virtual mandible model to a virtual hinge axis representing the axis of rotation of the mandibular condyles includes the steps of, obtaining at least one 2D photograph of the face of a patient comprising at least one facial feature, obtaining a virtual dental model comprising the virtual maxillary model and the virtual mandible model representing at least a part of the dental situation of the patient, aligning the virtual dental model with the at least one facial feature, determining the virtual hinge axis based on the at least one 2D photograph, and setting the axis of rotation to the virtual hinge axis.

Abstract: A method for modeling a digital design of a denture for a patient, the denture includes a gingival part and a teeth part including a set of denture teeth, where the method includes obtaining a digital 3D representation of the patient's gum; obtaining virtual teeth models corresponding to the denture teeth; virtually arranging the virtual teeth models in relation to the digital 3D representation of the patient's gum; and generating a virtual outer gingival surface of the gingival part of the denture.

Abstract: A method for designing a virtual dental restoration for manufacturing a dental restoration for a patient, said dental restoration including an anatomy portion and a sub-gingival portion, wherein the method includes: obtaining a virtual anatomy surface expressing a target shape of the anatomy portion of the dental restoration; and creating a virtual sub-gingival surface for the sub-gingival portion of the dental restoration; where the created virtual sub-gingival surface is shaped such that it contacts the virtual anatomy surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of reducing the x-ray dose of a patient in an x-ray system, comprising defining a region of interest of the patient, obtaining at least two tracking images of a tracking element taken with at least one camera having a known positional relationship relative to an x-ray source and/or sensor, determining any movement of the tracking element between the acquisition of at least two tracking images, adjusting the collimator of the x-ray source to compensate for any movement of the tracking element between the acquisition of the at least two tracking images, providing that the field of exposure of the x-ray source is confined to the region of interest and obtaining at least one x-ray image of the region of interest after the adjustment of the collimator.

Abstract: A computer product for generating a digital 3D model for use in a dental component based on a digital 3D model of the dental component showing a shape of the teeth and a digital 3D representation of a pre-prepared set of teeth showing the region for which the dental component is intended, said product causing a system to generate a digital 3D combined model representing a target dental situation when the dental component is arranged at the teeth, where the instructions are configured for digitally replacing one or more teeth of the digital 3D representation of the pre-prepared set of teeth with the digital 3D model of the dental component by digitally removing the one or more teeth of the digital 3D representation of the pre-prepared set of teeth and adding the digital 3D model of the dental component to the digital 3D representation of the pre-prepared set of teeth.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for deflecting abnormal computer interactions includes receiving, at a computer server system and from a client computer device that is remote from the computer server system, a request for web content; identifying, by computer analysis of mark-up code content that is responsive to the request, executable code that is separate from, but programmatically related to, the mark-up code content; generating groups of elements in the mark-up code content and the related executable code by determining that the elements within particular groups are programmatically related to each other; modifying elements within particular ones of the groups consistently so as to prevent third-party code written to interoperate with the elements from modifying from interoperating with the modified elements, while maintain an ability of the modified elements within each group to interoperate with each other; and recoding the mark-up code content and the executable code to include the modified elements.

Abstract: Computer systems and methods for improving security or performance of one or more client computers interacting with a plurality of server computers. In an embodiment, a computer system comprises a first server computer and a second server computer; wherein the first server computer is configured to: generate a challenge nonce, wherein the challenge nonce corresponds to a challenge state; generate the challenge state based on the challenge nonce, wherein the challenge state corresponds to a response state; send, to a first client computer, the challenge nonce and the challenge state, but not the response state; wherein the second server computer is configured to: receive, from the first client computer, a test nonce and a test response state; determine whether the test response state matches the response state based on the test nonce, without: receiving the challenge state from the first server computer; receiving the challenge state from the first client computer.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a system for providing an interactive three-dimensional electronic book. The system includes an input module, a processor, and an output module. The input module is configured to receive an input from a user of the interactive three-dimensional electronic book regarding an image including one or more subparts. The processor is configured to obtain the image of the one or more subparts responsive to the input from the user and relevant information pertinent to the image. The output module is configured to display the image and the relevant information.

Abstract: A method for visualising a 3D dental restoration on a 2D image of the mouth of a patient includes obtaining a 3D dental model of at least a part of the patient's oral cavity, designing the 3D dental restoration, obtaining the 2D image of the mouth of the patient, estimating a virtual camera including at least one virtual camera property corresponding to at least one physical camera property of the physical camera used to obtain the 2D image, viewing the 3D dental restoration using the virtual camera, determining the visible area of the 3D dental restoration, which is not overlapped by surrounding anatomic features when viewed with the virtual camera, imaging the visible area of the 3D dental restoration with the 2D image. This advantageously provides an image which with high accuracy gives the dentist and the patient a visual presentation of the final result of a dental treatment.

Abstract: Detecting a movable object in a location includes providing a first 3D representation of at least part of a surface; providing a second 3D representation of at least part of the surface; determining for the first 3D representation a first excluded volume in space where no surface can be present; determining for the second 3D representation a second excluded volume in space where no surface can be present; if a portion of the surface in the first 3D representation is located in space in the second excluded volume, the portion of the surface in the first 3D representation is disregarded in the generation of the virtual 3D model, and/or if a portion of the surface in the second 3D representation is located in space in the first excluded volume, the portion of the surface in the second 3D representation is disregarded in the generation of the virtual 3D model.

Abstract: A method for improving the accuracy of a digital medical model of a part of a patient, the method includes obtaining a set of at least 2 medical images of the patient, where an element comprising a predefined geometry and/or predefined information was attached to the patient during the recording of the medical images; obtaining at least 2 tracking images taken with at least one camera having a known positional relationship relative to the medical imaging device, said tracking images depicting at least part of the element; determining any movement of the element between acquisition of the at least 2 tracking images; and generating the digital medical model from the acquired medical images, wherein the determined movement of the element is used to compensate for any movement of the patient between the acquisition of the medical images.

Abstract: A bumper reinforcement beam includes sheets pre-formed to have integral features and to have a final beam shape with non-radiused corners and optimal impact properties, including beams with constant or varied cross-sectional shapes, and beams made of steel, aluminum, or hybrid materials or combinations of material, all of which allow minimization of weight. The non-radiused corners offer excellent impact strength and properties. Beam impact properties can be improved or locally tuned for particular functional requirements by material selection, or by adding an internal reinforcement on an inside center of the front wall, or by localized annealing of the welds to minimize stress risers, or by localized features and shapes. The sheets can be welded using welding processes that provide low heat-affected-zones around the weld or by localized annealing, thus minimizing any adverse effect of welding.

Abstract: A visualization system includes an imaging device, a processing circuit, and a display device. The imaging device is configured to acquire image data relating to an object. The processing circuit is configured to generate a three-dimensional object image of the object based on the image data and generate a two-dimensional object image of the object by projecting a cross-section of the three-dimensional object image onto a plane. The display device is configured to display the three-dimensional object image of the object and display the two-dimensional object image of the object on the plane.