Abstract: A communication system includes a downlink indicator channel for the transmission of an indicator signal indicating that a data packet is scheduled to be transmitted on a downlink data channel from a primary station to a secondary station. In response to detection of the indicator signal, the secondary station transmits a status signal, for example a negative acknowledgement signal, on an uplink channel to the primary station immediately before transmission of a positive or negative acknowledgement signal to indicate the status of the received data packet. By providing the primary station with two chances to detect the case where the secondary station fails to detect the indicator signal, peak power requirements of the uplink channel can be reduced, thereby reducing system interference levels.

Abstract: A radio communication system has a random access channel for the transmission of data (214) from a secondary station to a primary station. Such a channel is intended for use by secondary stations having packets of data (214) to transmit to a primary station while not actually engaged in a call. The primary station transmits a random access channel availability (AV) message (302) once per frame to inform secondary stations about the resources currently available. Hence a secondary station can select a channel known to be free. If no channels are available the secondary station can avoid a wasted access attempt.

Abstract: A method and device for transmitting a data signal including a plurality of data packets from a base station to a radio device that perform acts of subdiving each data packet into at least a first data sub-packet and a second data sub-packet; transmitting simultaneously the first data sub-packet on a first portion of total resources, having a first reuse frequency factor, and the second data sub-packet on at least one second portion of total resources having second reuse factor, said first reuse factor being different from said second reuse factor.

Abstract: A radio communication system has means for improving power control of a communication channel for the transmission of data after an interruption in the transmission. This is done by adjusting the transmission power immediately after the interruption by an offset from the power used before the interruption. The offset may be fixed or may be determined from the transmission power in the period before the interruption. This technique reduces, on average, the time taken for power control to be re-established, thereby addressing the problem that data transmissions immediately after the interruption are likely to be corrupted if the power level is too low, or to generate extra interference if the power level is too high.

Abstract: A method of operating a radio network, such as UMTS or cdma2000, which comprises at least one primary station (PS), i.e. and access point or bare station, and a plurality of secondary stations (SSI, SS2, SS3), i.e. mobile stations. The primary station determines the level of interest of the users of the secondary stations in a particular service, such as Multimedia Broadcasting and Multicast Services (MBMS), by allocating a respective plurality of access slots in which the secondary stations can transmit an indication of its interest. The primary station receives the indications of interest to and estimates the level of interest from the number of transmitted indications, for example whether or not they exceed a threshold value. Depending on the result of the estimation process the primary station selects a particular one of at least two transmission modes for transmitting the service.

Abstract: In a communication system subject to variations in channel quality, transmit power control is used to reduce the variations in received signal quality. If the channel quality degrades to such an extent that a high transmit power would be required to ensure good received signal quality, the transmit power is decreased and is not increased until the channel quality recovers sufficiently to enable an acceptable transmit power level to be used. While the power is at the decreased level, transmission of a data block may continue, or may be suspended, with the data block being truncated if the whole block has not been transmitted by the end of the time period available for transmission of the data block.

Abstract: A large liquid crystal display (100) comprises a light guide plate (3) arranged on the back side of a liquid crystal panel (1). The front surface of the light guide plate (3) is flat, while the back surface thereof is concave. The upper and lower end faces of the light guide plate (3) respectively facing hot cathode fluorescent lamps (2a, 2b) have a convex shape projecting toward the respective lamps. White light from the fluorescent lamps is incident on the upper and lower end faces of the light guide plate directly or by being reflected by reflectors (4a, 4b), and propagates within the light guide plate while being reflected by the front and back surfaces of the light guide plate. At the front surface of the light guide plate, a part of the white light is directed toward the back side of the liquid crystal panel (1) by a light guide portion (5).

Abstract: A Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication system 1 has a transmitter for transmitting signals over a MIMO Broadcast Channel (MIMO-BC) 6. Data for communication to respective receivers 41, 4K-1, 4K is encoded by encoding stages 101, . . . , 10K-1, 10K in a selected order by selecting codewords c1, . . . cK-1, cK from codebooks C1, . . . CK-1, CK of a nested lattice code. Dither adders 111, . . . , 11K-1, 11K are arranged to add a respective dither d1 . . . , dK-1, dk to the selected codewords c1, . . . cK-1, cK. Quantising stages 121, . . . , 12K-1, 12K each perform respective quantising operations mod ?S,1, . . . , mod ?S, K-1, mod ?S, K using the shaping lattice ?S of the nested lattice code. Quantised signals u1, . . . , uK-1, uK of data encoded earlier in the selected order are output to feedbackward filter stages 141, . . . , 14K-1 for filtering the codewords c1, . . . cK-1, cK of data encoded later in the selected order before they are quantised by the quantising stages 121, . . .

Abstract: A secondary station has a receiver capable of resolving signals received as a plurality of multipath signals from a plurality of base stations during a soft handover process. This capability may, for example, be provided by a Rake receiver. In order to decode and act upon the received signals in a very short period of time, signals arriving after a predetermined time are not processed by the receiver which is able instead to process weaker signals which arrived before the time. Such a secondary station is particularly suitable for decoding and acting upon power control commands included in received signals in a UMTS system, for which a very limited period of time is provided by the UMTS specification. The predetermined time may be the time after which signals are received too late for use in determining the next power control change.

Abstract: When transmitting medium access control protocol data units for the high speed downlink shared channel over a plurality of hybrid automatic repeat request processes, one of the processes can be in a retransmission procedure. In this case, stalling of the transmission can occur, because the medium access control layer for the high speed downlink shared channel of the receiver apparatus (3) buffers the following packet data units, when a preceding protocol data unit is waiting in the stalled process. To enable an early processing of the already received data, the receiver apparatus determines, whether the next expected service data units for a higher layer such as a radio link control layer, are included in the already received packet data units by taking into account the sequence number for the higher layer. Therefore, the medium access control layer for the high speed downlink shared channel accesses the data of the service data unit for the higher layer.

Abstract: An optical resin comprises a copolymer of 4-methyl-1-pentene and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of 3-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene and 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene. The content of a constituent unit (a) derived from 4-methyl-1-pentene is equal to or more than 60 mol % and equal to or less than 99 mol %, and the total content of a constituent unit (b) derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of 3-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl-1-butene and 4,4-dimethyl-1-pentene is equal to or more than 1 mol % and equal to or less than 40 mol %.

Abstract: The present invention provides switching elements having a readout margin suitable for data storage units of nonvolatile memories, which are obtained by improving the resistance ratio of metal oxide thin films having reversible variable resistance properties. The present invention provides switching elements having a metal oxide consisting of a transition metal and oxygen formed between a first electrode and a second electrode, by modifying one or more of the crystal structure, ionic valence number of metal element, and nonstoichiometricity of a stoichiometric compound consisted of the transition metal and oxygen. The present invention also provides methods for producing switching elements having reversible variable resistance characteristics due to electric power application history.

Abstract: A method and corresponding system for communicating between stations in a network is presented. The method includes providing repeated beacon transmissions from a coordinator station for coordinating transmissions among the stations; transmitting a signal from a first station and receiving the signal at a second station; and performing one or both of: generating the signal based on a local clock at the first station and time adjustment information in a beacon transmission received by the first station, and sampling the signal at sample times based on a local clock at the second station and time adjustment information in a beacon transmission received by the second station.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an idler roller has an insertion through-hole through which a rotation shaft is inserted. Collar-shaped stopper portions are formed on the rotation shaft and are located on both left and right sides of the idler roller when the rotation shaft is inserted and provided at a normal position. Coil springs are attached between the stopper portions and base surfaces of concave groove portions of the idler roller. The idler roller is held at the normal position by biasing force of both the coil springs when paper is not seized. When paper is seized, the idler roller is moved in a lateral direction by elastic restoring force caused by a torsion phenomenon occurring in the paper. The idler roller returns to the normal position due to biasing force of both the coil springs after the paper has passed through the idler roller.

Abstract: A method and corresponding system for communicating between stations in a network are presented. The method includes providing repeated beacon transmissions from a coordinator station for coordinating transmissions among a plurality of the stations; transmitting from a first station to a second station during a time slot assigned to the first station by at least one of the beacon transmissions; and transmitting from the first station information that grants permission to the second station to transmit during at least a portion of a time slot assigned to the first station.

Abstract: A hydrogen producing method by culturing a microorganism having a hydrogenase gene, in which a lactic acid biogenetic path and a succinic acid biogenetic path in anaerobic metabolic paths are inactivated, under an anaerobic condition in the presence of organic substrate. The microorganism may further have a formate dehydrogenase gene. The microorganism may be Escherichia coli which is a facultative anaerobic bacterium.

Abstract: Using the attribute “priority” to achieve a stronger Forward Error Correction (FEC) for Radio Link Control (RLC) Control Protocol Data Units (PDUs) transmitted via the High Speed Downlinik Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) also entails prioritized handling so that an RLC Control PDU is likely to overhaul an RLC Data PDU. As a consequence the RLC protocol operation can severely be disturbed, since it relies on in-sequence delivery of control and data PDUs. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, two types of containers are provided in which data packets may be transmitted, wherein the first type of container is provided with a stronger error coding than the second type of container and wherein data packets which comprise control instructions are only transmitted in the first container type with the stronger error correction. Due to this, an improved forward error correction for control PDUs of the AM RLC protocol of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) may be provided.

Abstract: A controller of a recording device issues a secure command to a storage device, and then waits the time estimated necessary for the storage device to execute the secure command before issuing the next secure command. When a controller of the storage device is executing the previous command, it notifies the recording device of being in process. When the previous command has been completed normally, the controller moves to the next process. Information for estimating the execution time of the command is obtained from the storage device in advance.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus is provided whereby in the reproduction of broadcasting information, the broadcasting information can be recorded so that the combination and so on of contents included in the broadcasting information can be recognized without the need for reproducing the broadcasting information itself. An information recording apparatus for recording broadcasting information constituted of a packet which has a predetermined amount of information and includes different types of contents, each type including one or more contents, the apparatus including a controller 8.

Abstract: A method of operating a radio communication system uses a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technique. Multiple scrambling codes may be used in a single cell to alleviate the shortage of channelisation codes available for downlink channels from a primary station. To minimise interference caused by the presence of non-orthogonal signals, signals to a single secondary station may be transmitted as a plurality of parts encoded with different scrambling codes.