Abstract: The present invention relates compounds of the formula (I): wherein X represents hydrogen or a C1-4alkyl group optionally substituted by a hydroxy group; Y represents hydrogen, C1-6alkyl or C3-7cycloalkyl; Z is —CR9R10CH2— or —CH2CR9R10—; R represents hydrogen, fluorine, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy; and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined herein. The compounds are of particular use in the treatment of depression, anxiety, pain, inflammation, migraine, emesis or postherpetic neuralgia.

Abstract: A nitride-contained semiconductor laser element includes a layer formed of an Alx1Ga1−x1N (0.08≦x1≦0.2) lower clad layer, an active layer formed of an alternate multilayer structure including an InwGa1−wN well layer and an InvGa1−vN barrier layer, and an Alx2Ga1−x2N (0.08≦x2≦0.2) upper clad layer layered in this order on a substrate, one or a plurality of InzGa1−zN (0≦z≦0.2) buffer layer(s) of 200 nm or less in thickness being disposed in the lower clad layer and/or the upper clad layer.

Abstract: A system, method and resulting data-file structure involving the compression of palette-based color images. Compression is based upon coding for boundaries that exist in the original uncompressed image, where such boundaries effectively define a character of binary color differentiation between next-adjacent color zones, which differentiation can be expressed as N and not N, where N is one of the colors in the color palette of the original image.

Abstract: A disk cartridge includes a case, substantially rectangular in shape, provided with a disk-shaped rotatable recording medium therein, the case including a plurality of windows through which the recording medium is exposed and a recording or reproducing head is inserted when recording or reproducing, and covering boards provided for the plurality of windows respectively, that are capable of opening and closing so as to cover the plurality of windows when recording or reproducing is not performed, a first window and a second window of the plurality of windows being formed on one surface, and a width of the first window in an opening and closing direction of the covering boards being wider than that of the second window. With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a disk cartridge capable of adopting for both a driving device for a small-sized disk and a driving device for a large-sized disk.

Abstract: A data transmission scheduler sends different layers of data transmissions over a network at different times, according to available bandwidth. Data in the lowest layer is always sent immediately, without any delay, to form a basic image. Data in a higher layer or layers, which enhances the basic image, is sent during time periods of bandwidth otherwise unused. The scheduler operates to maintain an overall datarate equal to an average target bitrate. In other embodiments the scheduler can also maintain a maximum bursting datarate below a preset maximum.

Abstract: In a sales management apparatus, control programs necessary for operating in different modes are stored in respective mode keys and any desirable control program is loaded by using a corresponding mode key to realize saving in memory capacity of the apparatus. A sales management apparatus having a memory for writing and reading a control program, a mode key having a memory for storing a control program, means for registering a person in charge according to data provided from the mode key and means for transmitting the control program from the mode key, which can switch a control program to another, e.g., registering, setting, checking or exact calculation program by replacing a mode-key by another.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element comprising a liquid crystal layer, and a pair of transparent insulating substrates 1 being opposed to one another with said liquid crystal layer in between, on one of said transparent insulating substrates 1 being formed a gate signal wire 2a, a gate electrode 2b, an insulating film, a source signal wire 9a arranged orthogonal to said gate signal wire 2a, a source electrode 9b, a drain electrode 9c, a TFT formed near the crossing point of said gate signal wire 2a and said source signal wire 9a and comprising a semiconductor layer including a channel protection film 7a, and a pixel electrode 10 electrically connected to the TFT, wherein said channel protection film 7a has a side surface formed in the shape of an inverse taper.

Abstract: A semiconductor device using TCP structure, includes a first semiconductor chip mounted on a tape carrier by ILB and a second semiconductor chip mounted on the tape carrier by stacking onto the first semiconductor chip. The first semiconductor chip is arranged so that a first electrode, formed on a surface of the first semiconductor chip, is connected to an inner lead via a first gold bump. The second semiconductor chip is arranged so that a third electrode formed on the second semiconductor chip is connected to a second electrode formed on the same surface as the first electrode via a second gold bump. In this fashion, it is possible to reduce a terminal pitch of the semiconductor device on which more than one semiconductor chip are mounted.

Abstract: An image output processing apparatus, which temporarily stores inputted image data and thereafter reads out the same to output images on sheets of paper, includes a CPU which (i) divides inputted image data into a plurality of blocks under predetermined conditions in an order in which the image data are inputted, so that one block has an amount of image data not exceeding a capacity of the storing means, (ii) when the storing of image data of one block in the storing means is finished, reads out the temporarily stored image data from the storing means, outputs the image data of the block so that a set number of copies of the images are obtained, and makes the storing means free, and (iii) thereafter stores image data of a next block into the storing means and applies to the image data the same processing operation as that described above.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element includes an active matrix substrate; a color filter substrate; a sealing material for attaching the active matrix substrate and the color filter substrate with a predetermined gap maintained therebetween; and liquid crystal injected in the gap between the active matrix substrate and the color filter substrate. The active matrix substrate includes a pixel electrode comprising a reflective conductive material; a switching element connected to the pixel electrode; a gate signal line receiving a driving signal for driving the switching element; and a source signal line receiving a display signal. A plurality of said pixel electrodes and a plurality of said switching elements are arranged in a matrix, and a plurality of said gate signal lines and a plurality of said source signal lines are arranged so as to intersect each other.

Abstract: A high-frequency heating apparatus is designed to maximize the input current while securing a uniform margin relative to the cutoff current, thereby enabling maximized and efficient output of high-frequency waves. The high-frequency heating apparatus includes: a power supply unit; an input current detector; a power converting unit for converting the power from the power supply unit into high-frequency waves; an inverter controller for controlling a semiconductor device; a magnetron for radiating electromagnetic waves; and a circuit for implementing negative feedback control, in the inverter control circuit, of the output from the input current detector. The apparatus further includes a control circuit having a microcomputer for outputting signals to the inverter controller so as to control the input current such that the input current characteristic of the high-frequency heating apparatus will approximate the current cutoff characteristic of the overcurrent circuit breaker with respect to the elapsed time.

Abstract: A method of low-temperature oxidation of a silicon substrate includes placing a silicon wafer in a vacuum chamber; maintaining the silicon wafer at a temperature of between about room temperature and 350° C.; introducing an oxidation gas in the vacuum chamber including introducing an oxidation gas taken from the group of oxidation gases consisting of O2 and O3; dissociating the oxidation gas into radical oxygen with a xenon laser generating light at a wavelength of about 172 nm and flowing the radical oxygen over the silicon wafer; and forming an oxide layer on at least a portion of the silicon wafer.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a small-size image reading apparatus which has a high accuracy in image reading, by a different means from the prior arts. A panel includes a plurality of two-dimensionally arranged photoreceptor devices which are interposed between a pair of light-transmitting substrates. At an edge of one of the light-transmitting substrate, a slope is formed, and a light source is opposed to the slope. Light transmitted by reflection on the surfaces of the light-transmitting substrates is emitted on an object which comes in contact with the surface of the panel, and light returned from the object is received by the photoreceptor devices, whereby an image of the object is read. Thus, a direction in which light passes through the panel can be restricted, and the accuracy in image reading can be increased.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a dual gate CMOS transistor in which an nMOS transistor in the dual gate CMOS transistor is formed by the steps of: (a) forming a gate insulating film and a silicon film on a semiconductor substrate; (b) implanting n-type impurities into the silicon film in an nMOS region of the semiconductor substrate; (c) forming a conductive film on the silicon film; and (d) patterning the silicon film and the conductive film into a gate electrode.

Abstract: A method for enhanced error diffusion. The method includes the steps of selecting values for a first level of peak positions, placing these peak positions in selected positions of a matrix, creating a peak position profile. The peak position profiles are then used to adjust the error threshold by applying the peak position profile. The profiled error threshold is then used to calculate error for the current input pixel value and the resulting error is diffused to the neighbors of the current pixel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a quality and reliable high-density package (Chip Size Package) semiconductor device without problems related to the manufacturing process. The semiconductor device includes the first semiconductor substrate piece having electrode pads formed on its principle surface, and a second semiconductor mounting piece mounted thereon via a first insulating film and a die-attaching material. On the surface opposite the first semiconductor substrate piece of the second semiconductor substrate piece, formed are wiring patterns and a second insulating film for protecting the wiring patterns. The wiring patterns include electrode pads, wires, and lands where external connection terminals are provided.

Abstract: In this bypass-function added solar cell, a plurality of island-like p+ regions, which is third regions, are formed at a boundary between a p-type region and an n-type region layer constituting a substrate so that the p+ regions project into the region and the region and are separated away from the surface of the substrate. Therefore, in this solar cell, unlike prior art counterparts, the insulating film for isolating the p+ regions and the n electrodes constituting the np+ diode from one another is no longer necessary, thus allowing a reduction in manufacturing cost. As a result, a bypass-function added solar cell with a bypass-diode function added thereto can be provided with low cost and by simple process.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to prolong the seal life of a color EL display apparatus. The initial thickness of a light-transmitting main substrate is larger than a predetermined reference thickness WC. First, a plurality of thin-film EL devices are formed on one surface of the main substrate. Then, a sealing substrate having a concave portion formed in one surface thereof is bonded onto the one surface of the main substrate at predetermined intervals. Then, a protective material for protecting the thin-film EL devices is filled in the gap between the one surface of the main substrate and the sealing substrate. Then, the main substrate is processed so as to have the reference thickness WC. Then, a color filter portion is formed on the other surface of the main substrate. Lastly, a reinforcing substrate is attached to the other surface of the main substrate with the color filter portion in between.

Abstract: An adaptive image coding method and system are disclosed. The system accepts an input image, divides it into image segments, and assigns each segment to a wavelet transform filter from a bank of such filters for transformation. The bank preferably comprises filters adapted for different types of image content, e.g., sharp edges, slowly-varying contours, etc. Filters are preferably assigned so as to produce minimal distortion for their assigned image segments at a given target bit rate, each filter produces transform coefficients for its segment using scale and subband settings common to the entire image. The valid coefficients for each segment are then combined in a composite wavelet coefficient image, which resembles a single wavelet transform of an entire image—although different filters are used to create different portions of the coefficient image. The composite image allows joint, rate-distortion optimized coding for a segmented image.