Abstract: A magnetic head of the present invention is to switch a direction of magnetic fields applied to a heated portion in a recording region in accordance with recording information. The magnetic head is composed of a single magnetic pole in a pillar shape and a coil. The magnetic pole is provided on a magnetic base, with one end surface of the magnetic pole brought into contact with the magnetic base. The coil, wound around the magnetic pole, is provided for generating the foregoing magnetic fields. The foregoing arrangement enables suppression of heat generation at the magnetic head, thereby allowing the recording frequency to be set higher, as well as improving the recording rate.

Abstract: In an electronic mail communication apparatus and in an electronic mail transmission method, to a signature entered through a data entry means 2 and stored in a RAM 7, information on the current location found by a current location finder and stored in the RAM 7, characters such as “in”, and a CR code are added. A text of electronic mail is transmitted with this signature appended thereto.

Abstract: The invention relates to dielectrically positive nematic liquid crystal compositions for active matrix displays with high voltage holding ratio and very low birefringence. The composition of the mixtures is given in claim 1. The compositions are particularly suited for reflective displays. The invention further relates to particular reflective displays with low optical retardation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus capable of paper feed control that can selectively feed paper in such a manner as to be able to reduce the first copy time as much as possible when there is more than one paper tray that holds the same size paper. The apparatus includes an image forming section, two or more paper accommodating sections, a paper feed means provided for each of the paper accommodating sections, and a paper feed control section for performing paper feed control so as to reduce the first copy time. The paper accommodating sections include a first paper accommodating section whose paper transport time to the image forming section is shorter and a second paper accommodating section whose paper transport time to the image forming section is longer. Paper feed control is performed so that the paper consumption in the first paper accommodating section whose paper transport time to the image forming section is shorter is reduced, thereby increasing the opportunity of being able to shorten the first copy time.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of electrode pads aligned on the semiconductor substrate, and a plurality of bump electrodes placed on each electrode pad, wherein the plurality of bump electrodes on the electrode pad are aligned in a direction orthogonal to a direction where the electrode pads are aligned. A manufacturing method of the semiconductor device includes the steps of patterning a photoresist which serves as a bump electrode forming use mask on the semiconductor substrate having formed thereon the electrode pads and forming a bump electrode in a perpendicular straight wall shape to be thinner than the photoresist by plating the bump electrode forming use metal to the electrode pad.

Abstract: A flexible circuit board includes: an insulative tape having a pair of long sides and a pair of short sides; a driving IC mounted on the insulative tape; an input terminal for receiving data signals and control signals to be sent to the driving IC; a first output terminal for outputting a signal from the driving IC; a second output terminal for outputting at least some of the data signals and control signals; and first and second power signal terminals for supplying a voltage to the driving IC, wherein the input terminal, the first output terminal, and the second output terminal are provided on one of the pair of long sides, the first power signal terminal being provided on one of the pair of short sides, and the second power signal terminal being provided on the other one of the pair of short sides.

Abstract: There is featured a processing method for processing a target body that includes setting a beam area formed by a laser beam on the organic insulating film so as to be larger than an area formed by projecting a target part of an organic insulating film onto a horizontal plane. The method also includes, subsequently moving the organic insulating film toward the irardiated region of the laser beam, and terminating the irradiation with the laser beam when the end part of the target part coincides with the moving end part of the laser beam. This enables the resultant processed target surface to be smooth and free from reaction product including decomposed segments of the target body. Also featured is an optical component including an optical element having a surface that is processed according to the processing methods of the present invention.

Abstract: Four original size and paper size combinations are displayed together with arrow indicators on a display panel, in order of use frequency. Each size is displayed by text and pattern and enlargement or reduction with the necessity of rotation also indicated. By operating scroll keys, the display of the arrows in the arrow indicators moves from one to another while the display of four possible original size and paper size combinations among all the possible combinations is shown in a scrolling manner. The operator operates the scroll keys to scroll the four combinations displayed within the display panel and selects the arrow indicator indicating the arrow that corresponds to the desired combination to be set up for the copying operation.

Abstract: A thin-film solar cell module of a light transmission type includes a light-transmissive substrate; a front electrode layer; a rear electrode layer, and a photovoltaic conversion layer. The rear electrode layer, front electrode layer, and photovoltaic conversion layer are sequentially laminated on the light-transmissive substrate. A heat retention member covers the rear electrode layer, and a sealing layer is provided for sealing the rear electrode layer. In certain embodiments, the heat retention member has a light absorptance of 40% or more within a near-infrared wavelength range of 1,500 to 2,000 nm.

Abstract: A cassette for supporting substrates and an elongated rib therefor is described and represents a further improvement in the previously proposed elongated rib systems of the prior art and is designed particularly to preclude deflection and dampen vibrations of loaded substrates. The elongated ribs for the cassette project from side panels utilizing an elongated rib structure including three segments; namely, a base resin body, a bar-like intermediate resin body extending from the base resin body, and a terminal resin body disposed at the forward end of the intermediate resin body. Preferably, the elongated rib structure includes a linearreinforcing member inserted fromthe base resin body to the intermediate resin body or, alternatively, from the base resin body through the intermediate resin body to the terminal resin body.

Abstract: An apparatus and a concomitant method for packetizing significance-based information to improve error resilience is disclosed. Significance-based information comprises “coefficient significance information”. Within each packet, the “coefficient significance information” are coded first into a first or front portion of the packet and then the “coefficient values” are coded into a second or back portion of the packet.

Abstract: The data driven type information processing system has a branch unit and a junction unit in the input and output stages thereof, and includes a plurality of data driven type processors between the branch unit and the junction unit. The branch unit, the junction unit and the plurality of data driven type processors are coupled to one another via transmission paths. Each of the data driven type processors can process a unique instruction system. The junction unit collects data packets provided via the transmission paths and outputs the collected data packets to the outside of the system. In operation, when a data packet is provided to the system, the branch unit receives the data packet provided thereto and, according to an instruction code within the received data packet, selects a transmission path connected to a data driven type processor that can process an instruction system corresponding to the instruction code, and sends out the received data packet to the selected transmission path.

Abstract: A video signal processor includes a receiver unit receiving a broadcasted wave, an identify unit identifying a broadcasting system according to a signal received by the receiver unit, and a plurality of data driven processors processing a video signal received by the receiver unit according to the broadcasting system identified by the identify unit. Since the plurality of data driven processors process a video signal received by the receiver unit according to the broadcasting system identified by the identify unit, video data corresponding to the broadcasting system can be generated.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge protection device according to the present invention is provided at an input or an output of a semiconductor integrated circuit for protecting an internal circuit of the semiconductor integrated circuit from an electrostatic surge flowing into or out of the semiconductor integrated circuit. The electrostatic discharge protection device includes: a thyristor; and a trigger diode for triggering the thyristor with a low voltage. The trigger diode includes: an n-type cathode high impurity concentration region; a p-type anode high impurity concentration region; and an insulator section for electrically insulating a silicide layer formed on a surface of the n-type cathode high impurity concentration region from another silicide layer formed on a surface of the p-type anode high impurity concentration region.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device having: a pair of an anode and cathode, a single-layered or multi-layered film therebetween containing an organic luminescent material and an insulating film of a chloride, a bromide or an iodide between the cathode and the single-layered or multi-layered film, the device being adapted to emit light by application of voltage or current across the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A high-concentration light-receiving N-layer 32 is formed by ion implantation in a region near a substrate surface, and a low-concentration N-type epitaxial layer 25 is formed by epitaxial growth in a deeper region. The depletion layer of a photodiode is thus expanded to a deep portion of the substrate by the low-concentration N-type region 25, by which a photoelectric conversion effect on incident light of a long wavelength is increased to improve sensitivity. In the above stage, a deepest potential portion is formed on the substrate surface side. Therefore, a depletion voltage can be prevented from rising. Further, an intermediate-concentration N-type epitaxial layer 23 and a high-concentration N-type epitaxial layer 22 are formed in a stack of two layers by epitaxial growth in a region deeper than a region in which a first P-type layer 24, or a barrier region is formed, by which a shutter voltage can be prevented from rising.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to inspect defects of a film formed on a relatively rough surface of a substrate by the light interference method. A substrate on which a film is formed is irradiated with light of a longer wavelength than the surface roughness Rmax or Rz of the substrate to obtain interference fringes to inspect defects of the film formed on the substrate. Especially, it is preferable that when the surface roughness Rmax or Rz is 0.5 &mgr;m or more, the substrate is irradiated with light of a wavelength beyond a little longer wavelength than the surface roughness Rmax or Rz. The surface of the substrate is subjected to a cutting process. Specifically, it is possible to inspect defects of the electric charge generation layer, electric charge transport layer, or undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor. This photoreceptor is mounted in a digital copier or printer. Further, monochromatic light is preferably applied.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to enhance the display quality of a liquid crystal display apparatus of a line reversal driving method. The liquid crystal display apparatus drives an active-matrix liquid crystal panel by the use of the line reversal driving method. To do so, a common driver AC-drives one of a pair of electrode in each of all the pixels of the liquid crystal panel. An adding circuit obtains the sum of a plurality of gradation components for deciding the gradations of the pixels in one of the columns in the liquid crystal panel at intervals of the predetermined horizontal period.

Abstract: In an electrode structure for a nitride III-V compound semiconductor device, a metallic nitride is used as an electrode material. A metallic material of the metallic nitride has a negative nitride formation free energy, and comprises at least one metal selected from a group consisting of IVa-group metals such as titanium and zirconium, Va-group metals such as vanadium, niobium, and tantalum, and VIa-group metals such as chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten.

Abstract: An up-converter section and a down-converter section are contained in separate respective chassis. The up-converter section and the down-converter section are linked by an IF link section having a coaxial shielding structure. As such, a high-quality Up/Down tuner can be provided which is able to reduce the mutual influence of up-converter and down-converter local oscillator circuits and the entry of external noise, without increasing the size of the Up/Down tuner.