Abstract: A read data sorting method and a storage device are provided. The read data sorting method includes: receiving a read command to read multiple logic block addresses (LBAs), wherein the LBAs are continuous; initializing an address counter as an initial logic block address of the LBAs; storing a first logic block address in a sorting buffer and set a tag corresponding to the first logic block address as valid when a first data corresponding to the first logic block address of the LBAs is transmitted to the data buffer; and transmitting a second data corresponding to a second logic block address to a host and accumulating the address counter when the tag corresponding to the second logic block address of the LBAs in the sorting buffer is valid and the second logic block address equals to the address counter.

Abstract: A command processing method and a storage controller are provided. The command processing method includes: receiving multiple read-modify-write (RMW) commands by a command processing pool of the storage controller, wherein each of the RMW commands includes a read command and a write command in pairs; locking a queue by the command processing pool and transmitting a pending first read command of the RMW commands in the command processing pool to the queue; when a second read command paired with a second write command of the RMW commands is pending, not locking the queue by the command processing pool and not transmitting the second write command to the queue; and when a third read command paired with a third write command of the RMW commands is not pending, locking the queue by the command processing pool and transmitting the third write command to the queue.

Abstract: A command processing method and a storage controller are provided. The command processing method includes: receiving multiple read-modify-write (RMW) commands by a command processing pool of the storage controller, wherein each of the RMW commands includes a read command and a write command in pairs; locking a queue by the command processing pool and transmitting a pending first read command of the RMW commands in the command processing pool to the queue; when a second read command paired with a second write command of the RMW commands is pending, not locking the queue by the command processing pool and not transmitting the second write command to the queue; and when a third read command paired with a third write command of the RMW commands is not pending, locking the queue by the command processing pool and transmitting the third write command to the queue.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes performing a garbage collection command; generating a garbage collection information table having a predetermined size according to one or more recycled block stripes, and writing the garbage collection information table into a target block stripe, wherein the garbage collection information table includes an identification tag, a local recycled block stripe list and first padding data; reading valid data in the one or more recycled block stripes, and writing the valid data into the target block stripe, wherein the written valid data is behind and immediately adjacent to the garbage collection information table being written to; and closing the target block stripe, and adding the local recycled block stripe list into a global recycled block stripe list in a buffer memory, so as to complete the garbage collection command.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes storing an acquired first command into a command queue, wherein in response to determining that the first command is a flush command, a flush phase value of the flush command and a corresponding second command is set according to a current flush phase, a command phase count value corresponding to the current flush phase is calculated, and the current flush phase is adjusted; selecting a new target command from the command queue, and executing the target command according to a target flush phase value of the target command and a corresponding target flush phase count value, wherein the target flush phase count value not being a preset value is adjusted; determining, according to the adjusted target flush phase count value, whether to respond to a host system that an execution of a target flush command corresponding to the target flush phase value is completed.

Abstract: A data management method and a storage controller are provided. The method includes: receiving write sectors corresponding to a write command and transmitting the write sectors to a partial block buffer or a full block buffer; when the write sectors corresponding to a first block are transmitted to the partial block buffer, starting a timer corresponding to the first block; when the partial block buffer receives first write sectors corresponding to the first block and the first write sectors and the write sectors corresponding to the first block in the partial block buffer form a full first block, the first block is transmitted to the full block buffer before or when the timer is expired; and when the timer is expired and the full first block is not yet formed in the partial block buffer, performing a read-modify-write operation according to the write sectors corresponding to the first block.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes in response to completion of a garbage collection operation, identifying one or more recycled block stripes subjected to the garbage collection operation among a plurality of block stripes of a rewritable non-volatile memory module; updating a garbage collection information table in a buffer memory according to the one or more recycled block stripes; and writing the garbage collection information table into the rewritable non-volatile memory module.

Abstract: A memory management method for a storage device having a rewritable non-volatile memory module is provided, wherein the rewritable non-volatile memory module has a plurality of physical units, and each of the physical units has a plurality of word-lines. The method includes: performing a first checking operation on a target physical unit among the physical units according to an occurrence of a specific event; and determining whether a first operation needs to be performed on valid data in the target physical unit according to a checking result of the first checking operation that corresponds to the target physical unit.

Abstract: A data reading method and a storage controller for a rewritable non-volatile memory module are provided. The method includes identifying a plurality of preset bit values corresponding to a plurality of first memory cells of a first physical unit; reading the first memory cells by respectively using a plurality of preset read voltages to obtain a plurality of read bit values corresponding to the first memory cells; adjusting the preset read voltages based on the identified preset bit values and the read bit values corresponding to the first memory cells to obtain a plurality of optimized read voltages; and executing a read command sequence on the first physical unit by using the optimized read voltages.

Abstract: A data reading method is provided. The method includes updating a target optimized count value corresponding to a target physical page, in response to determining that a read voltage optimization operation needs to be performed to the target physical page among a plurality of physical pages according to a plurality of monitor results corresponding to the physical pages of the target wordline; performing a first type read voltage optimization operation, a second type read voltage optimization operation, or a third type read voltage optimization operation corresponding to the target wordline according to the target optimized count value, so as to obtain an optimized read voltage set corresponding to the target wordline, wherein the target wordline is read by using the optimized read voltage set.

Abstract: A data management method and a storage controller are provided. The method includes: receiving write sectors corresponding to a write command and transmitting the write sectors to a partial block buffer or a full block buffer; when the write sectors corresponding to a first block are transmitted to the partial block buffer, starting a timer corresponding to the first block; when the partial block buffer receives first write sectors corresponding to the first block and the first write sectors and the write sectors corresponding to the first block in the partial block buffer form a full first block, the first block is transmitted to the full block buffer before or when the timer is expired; and when the timer is expired and the full first block is not yet formed in the partial block buffer, performing a read-modify-write operation according to the write sectors corresponding to the first block.

Abstract: A command processing method and a storage controller are provided. The command processing method is adapted for the storage controller. The storage controller includes a processor and peripherals. The command processing method includes: disposing a first command buffer and a second command buffer in the processor; disposing a synchronizer in the storage controller, the synchronizer changing a value of a flag at a predetermined interval to set the first command buffer or the second command buffer valid; and when the first command buffer is valid and the processor issues a command, the processor temporarily stores the command in the first command buffer and one of the peripherals accesses the command in the first command buffer to executes a corresponding operation.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes storing an acquired first command into a command queue, wherein in response to determining that the first command is a flush command, a flush phase value of the flush command and a corresponding second command is set according to a current flush phase, a command phase count value corresponding to the current flush phase is calculated, and the current flush phase is adjusted; selecting a new target command from the command queue, and executing the target command according to a target flush phase value of the target command and a corresponding target flush phase count value, wherein the target flush phase count value not being a preset value is adjusted; determining, according to the adjusted target flush phase count value, whether to respond to a host system that an execution of a target flush command corresponding to the target flush phase value is completed.

Abstract: A command processing method and a storage controller are provided. The command processing method includes performing a command merging process on commands sequentially received by a command queue. The command merging process includes an initialization step and multiple iterations. The initialization step includes transmitting the commands from the command queue to a continuity checking pool (CCP), transmitting an initial command of the commands from the CCP to a continuity list (CL) and setting a range of the CL. Each of the iterations includes transmitting the commands from the command queue to the CCP; determining whether the commands in the CCP and the range of the CL conform to a continuity condition; and when the commands in the CCP and the range conform to the continuity condition, appending the first command to the CL and resetting the range of the CL according to the first command.

Abstract: A memory management method and a storage controller using the same are provided. The method includes reading a target word-line to identify a plurality of raw Gray code indexes corresponding to a plurality of memory cells of the target word-line; performing a decoding operation on raw data of the target word-line to identify a plurality of decoded Gray code indexes corresponding to the memory cells; calculating a plurality of Gray code absolute bias values corresponding to the memory cells according to the raw Gray code indexes and the decoded Gray code indexes; and identifying one or more abnormal memory cells among the memory cells according to the Gray code absolute bias values; and recording the one or more abnormal memory cells into an abnormal memory cell table, wherein a Gray code absolute bias value of each of the one or more abnormal memory cells is greater than a bias threshold.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes storing an acquired first command into a command queue, and setting a command phase value of the first command according to a current command phase, wherein in response to determining that the first command is a flush command, calculating a command phase count value corresponding to the current command phase, and adjusting the current command phase; selecting a new target command from the command queue, and executing the target command according to a target command phase value of the target command and a corresponding target command phase count value, wherein the target command phase count value which is not a preset value is adjusted; deteiiiiining, according to the adjusted target command phase count value, whether to respond to a host system that an execution of a target flush command corresponding to the target command phase value is completed.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes selecting a target physical programming unit; using a first read voltage corresponding to a first type physical page of the target physical programming unit to read a plurality of target memory cells of the target physical programming unit, so as to calculate a first bit value ratio; if the first bit value ratio is not smaller than a first preset threshold, using a second read voltage corresponding to the first type physical page of the target physical programming unit to read the plurality of target memory cells of the target physical programming unit, so as to calculate a second bit value ratio; and determining whether the first type physical page of the target physical programming unit is empty by comparing the first bit value ratio and the second bit value ratio.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes storing an acquired first command into a command queue, and setting a command phase value of the first command according to a current command phase, wherein in response to determining that the first command is a flush command, calculating a command phase count value corresponding to the current command phase, and adjusting the current command phase; selecting a new target command from the command queue, and executing the target command according to a target command phase value of the target command and a corresponding target command phase count value, wherein the target command phase count value which is not a preset value is adjusted; determining, according to the adjusted target command phase count value, whether to respond to a host system that an execution of a target flush command corresponding to the target command phase value is completed.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes: using a preset read voltage, a left preset read voltage set and a right preset read voltage set corresponding to the preset read voltage to perform a read operation on a target codeword to obtain a hard bit codeword, a left bit codeword and a right bit codeword, respectively; performing iterative decoding operations on each of the hard bit codeword, the left bit codeword and the right bit codeword to identify a trust codeword having a smallest syndrome among the hard bit codeword, the left bit codeword and the right bit codeword; using the hard bit codeword, the left bit codeword, the right bit codeword and the trust codeword to perform a calibration on a log-likelihood ratio table of the iterative operations, so as to update the log-likelihood ratio table to a calibrated log-likelihood ratio table.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes performing a garbage collection command; generating a garbage collection information table having a predetermined size according to one or more recycled block stripes, and writing the garbage collection information table into a target block stripe, wherein the garbage collection information table includes an identification tag, a local recycled block stripe list and first padding data; reading valid data in the one or more recycled block stripes, and writing the valid data into the target block stripe, wherein the written valid data is behind and immediately adjacent to the garbage collection information table being written to; and closing the target block stripe, and adding the local recycled block stripe list into a global recycled block stripe list in a buffer memory, so as to complete the garbage collection command.