Abstract: A solution containing double stranded nucleic acid is heated for dissociating the double stranded nucleic acid into single strands, which in turn are cooled and rebonded. A homoduplex and a heteroduplex are formed when the double stranded nucleic acid is a hetero body, while only a homoduplex is formed when the double stranded nucleic acid is a homo body. The temperature of the solution is increased for measuring ultraviolet absorption, thereby acquiring a thermal melting profile. When the heated and cooled solution contains only a homoduplex, the thermal melting profile has a single Tm temperature or two Tm temperatures close to each other. When the heated and cooled solution contains a homoduplex and a heteroduplex, the thermal melting profile has two separate Tm temperatures or further single Tm temperatures close to each other.

Abstract: A spontaneously degradable fiber excellent in bulkiness, softness, stretchability and feeling, which comprises (A) a low heat-shrinkable fiber component comprising a high crystalline aliphatic polyester and (B) a high heat-shrinkable fiber component comprising an aliphatic polyester, e.g., a low crystalline or non-crystalline aliphatic polyester, and a block copolymer or a mixture the main component of which is an aliphatic polyester and which comprises a high-melting component and a low-melting component. Further, fibers excellent in self-crimpability or self-adhesion property and dividable fibers are obtained by suitably combining the fiber components (A) and (B) to form conjugated fibers or composite yarns.

Abstract: A fluorescent x-ray analyzer has a sample table with a movable part such as a turret which can be moved such that a sample which is placed at a specified sample position thereon can be moved to a specified position for analysis, an x-ray source for emitting primary x-rays, a detector for detecting secondary x-rays emitted from the irradiated sample, and a correcting device for correcting the detection signal outputted from the detector for an error caused by the variation in the sample position, or the variations in the distance between the plane of measurement and the x-ray source and/or the detector.

Abstract: A microchip device for electrophoresis includes not only a microchip having a separation flow route for separating a sample electrophoretically and an electrical power source for applying a migration potential difference along the separation flow route but also a grating for dispersing light received from each position within a specified range along the separation flow route in a direction perpendicular to the separation flow route, a two-dimensional light-receiving device such as charge-coupled devices for receiving dispersed light from the grating at light-receiving positions which are two-dimensionally distributed parallel to and and perpendicular to the separation flow route, and a data processor for receiving measured values obtained repeatedly by said two-dimensional light-receiving means and carrying out multi-point averaging on the measured values for each of the light-receiving positions.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography includes a mobile phase quantity integrator for calculating a quantity of a mobile phase used in the liquid chromatography and sent by a fluid pump after a waste fluid in a drainage reservoir has been emptied, a rinsing fluid quantity integrator for integrating a quantity of a rinsing fluid used in a sample introducing section after the waste fluid in the drainage reservoir has been emptied, and a waste fluid quantity calculation unit for calculating a quantity of the waste fluid stored in the drainage reservoir based on the quantity of the mobile phase calculated by the mobile phase quantity integrator and the quantity of the rinsing fluid calculated by the rinsing fluid quantity integrator. A display unit displays the quantity of the waste fluid calculated by the waste fluid quantity calculation unit.

Abstract: A multiple valve apparatus is formed of a priority valve mechanism for dividing an operating liquid into a priority flow and a surplus flow, at least one switching valve mechanism attached to the priority valve mechanism, a parallel line for guiding the surplus flow discharged from the priority valve mechanism to an input port of the at least one switching valve mechanism, a tank line for discharging the operating liquid to a tank, and an urgent valve situated between the parallel line and the tank line. The urgent valve is operated in a predetermined condition to regulate an operation actuated by the surplus flow through the at least one switching valve mechanism. Therefore, the supply of the operating fluid only to the switching mechanism can be stopped or regulated by this simple structure, and an automatic stop or regulating function of an actuator can be achieved in the apparatus.

Abstract: A data processor for fluorescent x-ray spectroscopy calculates theoretical x-ray intensity which is theoretically expected to be obtained by a fluorescent x-ray spectroscopy measurement of a standard sample with known composition by taking into account the effects of x-ray attenuation by the possible presence of an environmental gas along the optical path of the x-rays between the x-ray tube and the sample and between the sample and the detector. The element sensitivity for each of elements in the standard sample is obtained from this calculated x-ray intensity and the intensity actually measured and is stored in a memory. When a fluorescent x-ray spectroscopy measurement is carried out on an unknown sample, the sample is quantitatively analyzed, a theoretically calculated x-ray intensity obtained also by taking into account the effects of x-ray attenuation by an environmental gas is used together with the actually measured x-ray intensity and the element sensitivities stored in the memory.

Abstract: A crude lactide in a solid state or in an at least partially molten state is brought into contact with ethanol to form a slurry mixture, and then a solid form this slurry mixture is separated to yield a purified lactide having a high purity. A crude lactide is recrystallized from a non-denatured or denatured ethanol to obtain a lactide for a food additive. A lactide is applied widely to food additives. A coagulating agent for an animal and/or vegetable protein containing an optically active lactide as a main component, a food foaming agent containing a lactide as a main component, a food preservative containing a lactide as a main component and a pH regulating agent containing a lactide as a main component are provided.

Abstract: In a radiation detector, an active matrix board is formed of switching elements of polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors produced by a poly-silicon (poly-Si) process, charge storage capacitances, insulating layers, electrodes, gate lines and data lines, on which a converting layer is formed by polycrystalline, such as CdTe and CdZnTe, having a high sensitivity with respect to light and radiation at a film-forming temperature higher than 300° C. A gate driving circuit and a signal reading-out circuit are provided on the active matrix board, and signals of the respective images are scanned to take out to the outside. Thus, by using the high heat resistant matrix process board, the radiation detector having a wide dynamic range and a high signal to noise (S/N) ratio can be obtained.

Abstract: An X-ray image apparatus is formed of an X-ray irradiation device for irradiating X-ray to a subject with an observing area, and an X-ray image taking device for receiving the X-ray irradiated from the X-ray irradiation device and passing through the subject. The X-ray image taking device provides image signals of the X-ray passing through the subject. A support device is connected to the X-ray irradiation device and the X-ray image taking device for supporting and moving both devices around the subject. A calculating device is electrically connected to the X-ray image taking device for calculating a location of the observing area in the subject by image signals obtained from at least two different directions. The center of rotation for the X-ray irradiation device and the X-ray image taking device is adjusted to be the center of the observing area to thereby easily read the images from different directions.

Abstract: A fluorescent x-ray analyzer has a light-dispersing crystal and a detector which are rotatable while maintaining a specified angular relationship between them such that fluorescent x-rays from a sample are scanned. A first-order profile and a higher-order profile showing x-ray intensities against scan angle are produced from detection signals from the detector respectively within a different specified range of wavelengths. Data related to ratios between preliminarily measured peak intensities of diffracted beams of first-order and higher-order obtained from a plurality of elements are stored and used to identify peaks in these profiles, if there is a possibility of a peak formed by a first-order spectrum of one element and a higher-order spectrum of another element overlapping each other and the nature and extent of contributions to the peaks in the profiles from the first-order and higher-order spectra are determined.

Abstract: Normal DNA (15) and mutational DNA (17) are mixed and subjected to PCR amplification (A). Fluorescent oligonucleotides (19a, 19b, 19c) complementary to any of exons (15a, 15b, 15c) and labeled with fluorescent materials (F1, F2, F3) having different fluorescence spectral characteristics are prepared (B) and hybridized with the amplified substance for forming homoduplexes (21a, 21b, 21c, 23b) and heteroduplexes (23a, 23c) (C). Since the heteroduplexes (23a, 23c) have a lower melting temperature than the homoduplexes (21a, 21b, 21c, 23b), analysis is made with an ion pair chromatograph having a reversed phase column set at the melting temperature for discriminating and detecting relatively quickly eluting fluorescent oligonucleotides (19a, 19c) thereby detecting mutational exons.

Abstract: A fluorescent X-ray analyzing apparatus includes a secondary target device therein. The secondary target device includes a target main body, and an X-ray blocking member for preventing an irradiation of primary X-rays from a X-ray source to a sample. The target main body is formed of plural target members in which secondary target materials are formed on at least target surfaces facing a central axis, and the target members are arranged concentrically to have different distances from the central axis. Accordingly, the primary X-rays do not pass through a space between the target members, and are irradiated only at the target surfaces of the target members. The secondary X-rays from the target surfaces pass through the space between the target members, and reach the sample.

Abstract: An ECR plasma apparatus is formed of a vacuum chamber, a cavity disposed at a side surface of the vacuum chamber to which microwave is introduced, an electromagnetic coil disposed around the cavity, and a case member made of a conductive material having the same electric potential as that of the cavity. The case member is disposed in the vacuum chamber adjacent the cavity to supplement resonance operation in the cavity. Thus, the cavity and the electromagnetic coil disposed therearound can be miniaturized and lightened in weight.

Abstract: An electronic balance including a first Roberval's chain, a second Roberval's chain connected to the first Roberval's chain, and a detector. The first Roberval's chain includes a first fixed pillar, a plurality of first beams, and a first movable pillar supported by the first fixed pillar via the plurality of first beams. The first beams extends substantially in parallel with each other and in a first extending direction. The first movable pillar is configured to receive a load to be measured. The second Roberval's chain includes a second fixed pillar, a plurality of second beams, and a second movable pillar supported by the second fixed pillar via the plurality of second beams. The plurality of second beams extends substantially in parallel with each other and in a second extending direction substantially perpendicular to the first extending direction of the plurality of first beams. The second movable pillar is connected to the first movable pillar.

Abstract: A hardness tester for a large test material is downsized by shortening a stroke length of the x-y stage. A hardness tester in accordance with the invention transfers the laser irradiating unit 70 two-dimensionally along the X or Y axis and irradiate a laser beam on the material W under test placed on the stage 10. The tester also monitors the laser beam visually and determine a target position to be measured and transfers the monitoring unit 45 to the determined target position along the X or Y axis and monitor the position by means of the monitoring unit 45. If the position does not fall on a boundary between crystals, the loading unit 55 is two-dimensionally transferred and forms a dent on the position by means of the penetrator 55a. An image of the dent is captured by the monitoring unit 45 and the hardness is determined by calculating a diagonal length of the dent by image processing.

Abstract: An operation portion reads an analyzing time and an analyzing flow rate from a storing portion for a next analysis to calculate a liquid delivery quantity per analysis for the next analysis, and transmits the liquid delivery quantity per analysis to a comparison portion. The comparison portion compares a pump capacity and the liquid delivery quantity per analysis, and when the comparison portion determines that the pump capacity is larger than the liquid delivery quantity per analysis, a control portion allows a mobile phase in the next analysis to be delivered by only one cycle discharging operation in a low flow rate mode. Thus, in a micro-liquid chromatography, influence of a pulsating flow can be suppressed.

Abstract: In a rescue target position indicating apparatus of the invention, when a pipper image, which is visible through a combiner of a head mounting type display device attached to a wearer in a flight vehicle, corresponds to a rescue target, the wearer operates an input device, so that an information processing device computes a rescue target position based on a detected result of variables of a detecting device necessary for computing the rescue target position. From a plurality of positions of the flight vehicle, which were updated in the past, an anticipated update position in a next updating time, a plurality of interpolating positions between a position updated in the past closest to the present and the anticipated update position, and an elapsed time to the present from the updated time of the position, which was updated in the past closest to the present, an interpolating position corresponding to the elapsed time is computed.

Abstract: In a movable type X-ray photographing apparatus, when a lever handle is operated, a force F for pushing the lever handle is inputted into a CPU from right and left pressure sensors provided in the handle. The CPU receives signals of rotational numbers V of motors from right and left encoders, and calculates a pulse width W=&agr;×f(V)×F. In accordance with the calculated pulse width W, a PWM control circuit carries out an ON-OFF duty control of a switching element in a bridge circuit of a motor driving circuit. An output torque T of the motor driving circuit is subjected to a PWM control so as to maintain a relationship (T=&agr;×f). Accordingly, the torque T truly proportional to the pushing force F is outputted from the motor, and a natural operation can be achieved.

Abstract: A communication system for automatic synthesis apparatus is formed of an automatic synthesis apparatus and a computer connected to the automatic synthesis apparatus. The automatic synthesis apparatus has a reaction block to produce synthetic compounds along synthesis procedures, and an operation notification creation device for creating operation notification mails according to operating conditions in the synthesis procedures. The computer includes a per-operation transmission setting device for setting to the automatic synthesis apparatus as to whether transmissions of the operation notification mails along the synthesis procedures to the computer are performed or not, and an operation notification mail display device for displaying the operation notification mail. The operating conditions can be monitored by the operation notification mail display device as desired.