Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic recording medium exhibiting excellent noise characteristics. On a substrate, an undercoat film is formed, and a perpendicular magnetic film, in which most of the easy-magnetization axes are oriented vertically with respect to the substrate, is formed on the undercoat film. A rocking curve 21 obtained through &thgr;-2 &thgr; scanning employing X-ray diffraction in relation to the magnetic film has a plurality of local maximum points 22 and 23.

Abstract: A capacitor having a large capacity per unit weight and good LC characteristics is provided, which includes two electrodes and a dielectric interposed between the two electrodes, and the dielectric has a two-layer structure having a first layer predominantly containing niobium oxide NbOX (X=2.5) and a second layer predominantly containing a mixture of niobium oxide NbOX (X=2.5) and niobium oxide NbOX (X=2.0). Preferably, both the first and second layers contain 90 weight % or more of NbOX, and the molar ratio of NbOX (X=2.5) to NbOX (X=2.0) in the second layer is 1:4 to 4:1, and the proportion of the first layer in the two-layer structure is 0.01 to 10% by volume. One of the electrodes preferably contains partially nitrided niobium, and more preferably partially nitrided niobium prepared by partially nitriding a niobium sintered body.

Abstract: A niobium sintered body for a capacitor, which exhibits an LC value of not larger than 300 &mgr;A/g as measured after an electrolytic oxide film is formed thereon. The sintered body preferably exhibits a product (CV) [i.e., a product of capacity (C) with electrolysis voltage (V)] of at least 40,000 &mgr;F·V/g. The sintered body is produced by sintering a niobium powder containing at least one niobium compound selected from niobium nitride, niobium carbide and niobium boride. A capacitor manufactured from the sintered body has a large capacity per unit weight and good leak current characteristics. Especially, a sintered body made of a niobium powder having a large average degree of roundness has a relatively large porosity and a good packed density, and a capacitor manufactured from this sintered body has a large capacity and good withstand voltage characteristics.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to reduce variance in the flow rates of source gasses and inconsistency in the mixing ratio of the source gasses when the flow paths of the source gasses are switched in a vent/run-type piping system of a vapor deposition apparatus. In a vapor deposition apparatus, a run line for mixing one or more sources with a carrier gas and for supplying the resultant gas to a vapor deposition region; a vent line for allowing the sources to detour away from the vapor deposition region and exhausting the sources; and a mechanism for switching the paths of the sources from the vapor deposition region to the vent line are provided. The paths of the sources are switched from the vent line to the vapor deposition region when the mixing ratio of the sources becomes consistent in the run line.

Abstract: A method of producing an &agr;-halo-&agr;,&bgr;-saturated carbonyl compound from an &agr;-halocarbonyl compound having an &agr;,&bgr;-carbon-carbon double bond by reducing said &agr;,&bgr;-carbon-carbon double bond using a microorganism belonging to any one of the genera Acetobacter, Actinomyces, Acinetobacter, Agrobacterium, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Burkholderia, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Gluconobacter, Halobacteium, Halococccus, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Micropolyspora, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Pseudonocardia, Rhodococcus, Rhodobacter, Serratia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Streptomyces, Xanthomonas, or a microbial product thereof. Pseudomonas sp. SD810, SD811 and SD812, Burkholderia sp.

Abstract: The present invention provides a (meth)acryloyl-group-containing carbamoyl halide represented by the following formula (1): where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents a linear or branched C1-C10 alkylene group; R3 represents a C1-C5 alkyl group; and X represents a halogen atom. The present invention also provides a production process for the halide.

Abstract: A fine particle of aluminum hydroxide is disclosed, comprising a particulate aluminum hydroxide X having a specific surface area of 1.0 m2/g or less and a secondary particle size of 35 to 150 &mgr;m, a particulate aluminum hydroxide Y having a specific surface area of 1.0 m2/g or less and a secondary particle size of 10 to 35 &mgr;m and a particulate aluminum hydroxide Z having a specific area of 3.0 m2/g or less and a secondary particle size of 0.5 to 10 &mgr;m, in a compositional mass ratio falling in the area surrounded by four points of Point &agr;, Point &bgr;, Point &ggr; and Point &dgr; including the lines in the ternary composition diagram shown in FIG. 1. By this fine particle of aluminum hydroxide, a fine particle of aluminum hydroxide and a resin composition comprising the fine particle of aluminum hydroxide, which can be reduced in the viscosity at the filling in a resin and attain high filling and when filled in a thermosetting resin, can be shortened in the curing time, can be provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an antimony-containing niobium sintered body for a capacitor having a small specific leakage current value, an antimony-containing niobium powder for use in the sintered body, and a capacitor using the sintered body. In the present invention, an antimony-containing niobium powder having an antimony content of preferably about 0.1 to about 10 mol % and an average particle size of preferably about 0.2 to about 5 &mgr;m is used. By using this antimony-containing niobium powder, a sintered body and a capacitor are constructed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for enhancing the immunological effects of a vaccine for viruses, bacteria and/or infectious disease pathogens, containing a stable activity-type provitamin; a method for enhancing the immunological effects of a vaccine for viruses, bacteria and/or infectious disease pathogens by administering the composition; and a method of employing the composition. A composition for enhancing the immunological effects of a vaccine for viruses, bacteria and/or infectious disease pathogens, contains L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and/or &agr;-tocopheryl phosphate as a stable activity antioxidant provitamin.

Abstract: A reactive agent for decomposing fluorine compounds comprising alumina and an alkaline earth metal compound; a process for decomposing fluorine compounds, comprising contacting the reactive agent with a fluorine compound at a temperature of 200° C. or more; and a process for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising an etching or cleaning and a decomposing using the reactive agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetic recording medium exhibiting excellent noise characteristics and thermal stability. On a substrate, a first undercoat film, a first perpendicular magnetic film, a second undercoat film, a non-magnetic intermediate film, a second perpendicular magnetic film, and a protective film are successively formed, and the magnetic anisotropy energy of the first perpendicular magnetic film is higher than that of the second perpendicular magnetic film.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of titanium oxide particles comprising chloride ion, and a Brønsted base other than chloride ion, preferably at least one kind of ion selected from nitrate ion and phosphate ion. Preferably the titanium oxide particles are predominantly comprised of brookite titanium oxide particles. The aqueous titanium oxide dispersion is prepared by hydrolyzed titanium tetrachloride in the presence of at least one kind of a Brønsted acid. A thin film formed from this aqueous titanium oxide dispersion exhibits good photo-catalytic activity, transparency and adhesion to a base material.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing diamond and cubic boron nitride crystals having excellent mechanical strength and high regularity in particle size with high productivity, wherein seed crystals are efficiently placed in a regular pattern on a supporting plate or a raw material plate.

Abstract: A supplying method and a supplying apparatus for supplying fluorine gas, in which when a fluorine-occluding substance is used for the fluorine gas-generating means, a necessary amount of fluorine gas can be stably and swiftly supplied to have a uniform concentration to &a chamber of an excimer laser device or the like even at running, to say nothing of the gas exchange time. In a fluorine gas-generating means, fluorine gas is generated at the use point by controlling a fluorine-occluding substance to a predetermined temperature, the fluorine gas is introduced into a mixing container, a diluting gas is introduced into the mixing container to mix it with the fluorine gas to prepare a fluorine mixed gas having a predetermined pressure and a predetermined fluorine gas concentration, and the fluorine mixed gas reserved in the mixing container is supplied to a use side such as chamber, using the pressure difference.

Abstract: A capacitor having a large capacitance appearance ratio and a good moisture resistance value is provided. A sintered body is prepared using a powder for capacitor, having as the main component an earth-acid metal, preferably niobium, containing from 3 mass ppb to 1 mass ppm of phosphorus, and a capacitor is constituted from the sintered body as one part electrode, a dielectric material formed on the surface thereof, and another part electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a powdered niobium for a capacitor having a good specific leakage current value, a sintered body using the powdered niobium, a capacitor using the sintered body and production method of the capacitor. A powdered niobium for a capacitor, characterized in that the content of each of the elements such as iron, nickel, cobalt, silicon, sodium, potassium and magnesium is about 100 ppm by weight or less and/or the total content thereof is about 350 ppm by weight or less is used. A niobium sintered body or a capacitor is constructed using the powdered niobium. A niobium sintered body for a capacitor, comprises at least one of niobium monoxide crystal and a diniobium mononitride crystal.

Abstract: A process for producing a perfluorocyclicamine which includes electrolytically fluorinating a triallylamine in anhydrous liquid hydrogen fluoride. A constant boiling composition and process for producing the same is also described.

Abstract: A packing material for solid phase extraction, which is a particle having an exclusion limit molecular weight of 1×103 to 1.5×104 in gel permeation chromatography using a standard polystyrene as the sample. A column for solid phase extraction and a cartridge for solid phase extraction, a method of using the packing material; and a process for treating a sample using the column or cartridge are also disclosed.

Abstract: A niobium powder having a nitrogen content of at least about 500 ppm by weight and not more than about 7,000 ppm by weight, and having a mean particle diameter of at least about 0.2 &mgr;m and less than about 3 &mgr;m. A sintered body of the niobium powder. This sintered body generally has a specific leakage current index of not more than about 400 [pA/(&mgr;F·V)]. The capacitor having (i) the sintered body as one electrode, (ii) a dielectric formed on the sintered body, and (iii) the other electrode exhibits good leakage current characteristics.

Abstract: Silicon carbide single crystal is produced by allowing a silicon raw material to continuously react with a carbon raw material to generate gas, which reaches a seed crystal substrate on which a silicon carbide single crystal grows. Preferably, the silicon raw material is continuously fed onto the carbon raw material placed in a reaction crucible, and the carbon raw material is maintained at a temperature such that carbon is allowed to react with silicon in a molten state or a gaseous state to generate the reaction gas.