Abstract: A circuit structure having at least one capacitor and a method for the manufacture thereof. The capacitor is constructed of a doped, single-crystal silicon substrate (1) that is provided with a plurality of hole openings (3) by electrochemical etching in a fluoride-containing, acidic electrolyte wherein the substrate is connected as an anode. The capacitor is further constructed of a dielectric layer (4) and of a conductive layer (5) as a cooperating electrode.

Abstract: An adaptive abort criterion in iterative decoding of transmitted, multi-dimensionally encoded information employs the relative entropy, approximations of the relative entropy or quantities similar thereto as criterion for the change in the weighted decisions of successive iteration sub-steps. When an iteration sub-step does not produce a change of the relative entropy lying above a predetermined threshold, then the iterative decoding is aborted.

Abstract: A method and an engine control for suppressing vibration in the drive train of a motor vehicle include detecting a variable being dependent on a speed of an engine, deriving and evaluating a gradient from the variable, reducing a torque of the engine by varying an ignition angle if impermissible vibration is detected, and controlling the torque reduction as a function of an upper and a lower threshold value for the gradient. An ignition intervention is carried out for reducing the engine torque if the gradient is below the lower threshold. The ignition intervention is cancelled if the gradient exceeds the upper threshold value. First lower threshold values are stored in a first performance graph, and second higher threshold values are stored in a second performance graph to which a switchover is made after a first tripping of an anti-bucking function.

Abstract: In therapy apparatus for the treatment of tissue in the body of a life form, at least one therapeutic ultrasound transducer emits ultrasound having an effective therapeutic region is provided. The ultrasound intensity in the region of the tissue to be treated is measured. Displacement of the effective therapeutic region and the body of the life form relative to one another ensues on the basis of the measured ultrasound intensity such that at least a part of the tissue to be treated is located in the effective therapeutic region.

Abstract: A subscriber network is operated bidirectionally and has one or more coaxial line tree networks which are shared in each case by a plurality of subscriber-end network termination units and extend between such subscriber-end network termination units and has a higher level connection unit. The coaxial line tree network or networks can be connected in each case, via a converter device, to an optical waveguide, preferably of an optical waveguide tree network, containing optical splitters, and can be connected via said optical waveguide or waveguides to the associated connection unit, for the purposes of securing data. The public key is determined in each case from a secret key prescribed in the subscriber-end network termination unit.

Abstract: A device is provided for regulating the thickness of rolling stock in a roller stand. The device includes a control device that controls the roller adjustment of the roller stand as a function of the deviation between a reference thickness value (h*) and an estimated value (h') for the thickness of the rolling stock exiting from the roller stand; a model simulating the rolling process in the roller stand, the model calculating the estimated value (h') on the basis of roller technology parameters and measured values; a thickness measurement device that measures the thickness of the rolling stock after its exit from the roller stand with a measurement delay (T.sub.L) providing a measured thickness value (h.sub.L); a delay device for delaying the estimated value (h') determined by the model by at least approximately the amount of the measurement delay (T.sub.L); a correction device generating a correction value (k) as a function of a deviation (.DELTA.h.sub.L) between the measured thickness value (h.sub.

Abstract: In an X-ray diagnostic apparatus, for acquiring the cross-section, position and/or alignment, relative to a target, of an electron beam generated by an electron generating system, at least one conductor is provided in the region of the target so that a signal can be derived by the conductor under the influence of the electron beam and supplied to an evaluation stage. The conductor is composed of a material having an atomic number lower than that of tungsten, so that no undesirable radiation arises due to the interaction of the electrons with this conductor.

Abstract: For manufacturing an integrated circuit, the production of a design for the circuit that comprises a plurality of MOS transistors is controlled by employment of a circuit simulator. ##EQU1## are calculated in the circuit simulator for the terminal nodes of the MOS transistors upon prescription of the voltages between gate and source V.sub.gs, between drain and source V.sub.ds, and between the substrate and source V.sub.bs in a consistent transistor model wherein drift, diffusion and short-channel effects are taken into consideration.

Abstract: Coupling end-pieces (20, 21) with axial bores (22, 23) are mounted in a separate front part (25). A cable end (3) with two optical fibers (8,9) is fixed in a main part (1). The ends (10, 11) of the fibers project at the front part side and extend in axially parallel fashion at a distance (29) from the axial bores (22, 23). The front part (25) can slide perpendicularly to the ends (10, 11) of the fibers in order to allow alignment of the axial bores (22, 23) with the ends (10, 11) of the fibers.

Abstract: A frequency mixer for a Doppler radar module with directional recognition, can be operated with a single transmitting and receiving antenna. It is thereby possible to create a Doppler radar module with low space requirements even for transmitting and receiving frequencies below 5 GHz. In the frequency mixer, a first microstrip line is coupled to a first terminal of a first diode and a second microstrip line is coupled to a first terminal of a second diode. The two microstrip lines are connected to each other through a capacitor. An antenna is coupled to the first microstrip line and an oscillator is coupled to the second microstrip line. Second terminals of each of the diodes are connected to a fixed potential in an electrically conductive manner. A phase comparator is coupled to the two microstrip lines.

Abstract: An elongated optical transmission element has a plurality of light waveguides which are continuously mechanically connected to one another in various planes to form a structure extending in a longitudinal direction so that the cohesion between waveguides is essentially obtained by connections on the inside of the structure. The structure can be used in an optical and/or electrical lead and is used in optical and/or electrical cables.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of poly-o-hydroxyamides and poly-o-mercaptoamides, a bis-o-aminophenol or a bis-o-aminothiophenol is reacted at a temperature of .ltoreq.0.degree. C. with a mixed dianhydride of a dicarboxylic acid and a sulfonic acid with the following structure:E--SO.sub.2 --O--CO--R*--CO--O--SO.sub.2 --Ewhere E is an (optionally substituted) methyl, phenyl, or naphthyl group and R* is the parent body of the dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A system having several active (master) and passive (slave) bus users (processors), each of which is allocated a memory with its own memory area. Each bus user has read access to its own memory area and each active (master) bus user has write access to every memory area. A control line is provided for sending a control signal which indicates to the active (master) bus users accessing the memory areas whether data have already been written into the memory areas. The control signal has dominant and recessive states. Outside of the access cycles, all bus users generate a dominant state. During a cycle of access to memory areas, only the bus users in whose memory areas the data have not yet been written, generate such a signal. The system may be used in automation systems.

Abstract: An X-ray diagnostic installation has a high-voltage generator for an X-ray tube for generating an X-ray beam, and an X-ray image transducer formed by a scintillator layer, a semiconductor layer with light-sensitive pixel elements arranged in a matrix, and an array of light-sensitive elements arranged in a matrix behind the semiconductor layer in the beam propagation direction. At least a part of the light-sensitive elements in the array acquires the X-ray dose as a detector, to which a measurement transducer is connected for controlling the high-voltage generator. The light-sensitive elements in the array can be light-emitting diodes for resetting residual charges of the pixel elements in the semiconductor by illumination of the image transducer.

Abstract: A method for operating a gas and steam turbine plant includes utilizing heat contained in an expanded working medium from a gas turbine to generate steam for a steam turbine connected into a water/steam circuit. The working medium for the gas turbine is generated by combustion of a fuel along with a supply of compressed air. In order to increase efficiency of the plant, the generated steam, before being introduced into the steam turbine, is superheated through the use of heat occurring during hydrogen/oxygen combustion. The plant includes a waste-heat steam generator which is located downstream of the gas turbine on the exhaust-gas side and in which a number of heating surfaces connected into the water/steam circuit of the steam turbine are disposed. A hydrogen/oxygen burner is connected into the water/steam circuit between the waste-heat steam generator and the steam turbine.

Abstract: In order to exclude disturbing influences in the determination of the axle-related speeds of railway vehicles, the signals generated by the passage of the last axle of a bogie are discerned from spurious signals. This is carried out by specifying a time window within which the last axle of a bogie must have passed the measuring zone. Those signals separated by about the same offset time as the time between the passage of the first axle of the first and second sensors are used for the determination of the speed of this last axle. An additional integrity check further increases the reliability signal identification by comparing the sum of certain measured time values which have been detected by the two sensors of the measuring zone. The assignment of the time values respectively to the pulse centers of the event indication eliminates different response tolerances of the sensors due to the lateral offset of the vehicle wheels with respect to the rails in the region of the sensors.

Abstract: A converter apparatus that is operated with a pulse-width modulated drive signal with constant in the normal operating case and is operated with a frequency-modulated drive signal with constant pulse width in case of overload or, respectively, light load.

Abstract: A mammography antenna for magnetic resonance examinations has an examination space with an opening for accepting a female breast, a conductor arrangement for transmitting and/or receiving magnetic high-frequency fields, and a compression arrangement spatially allocated to the conductor arrangement for compressing the breast during the magnetic resonance examination. The compression arrangement includes compression elements movably arranged in a holder part. The conductor arrangement includes first conductor segments that are connected to the compression elements, second conductor segments that are connected to the holder part, and electrical connections that connect the first conductor segments to the second conductor segments and/or connect the first conductor segments to one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a differential protective system for electric power transmission paths where measurement quantities obtained from the currents at either end of the section to be monitored are digitized and subjected to digital sine filtering. Sign signals are obtained from auxiliary measured quantities generated from the filtered current measurement values and taken to both ends of the section to be monitored for evaluation with the generation of an exciting signal. To make the system largely unaffected by frequency variations in the currents, further filtered current measurement values are obtained by cosine filtering; from those values and from the individual filtered current measurement values, a measurement quantity is generated by absolute value generation and low-pass filtering. This measurement quantity causes a further exciting quantity to be established using an absolute value comparison quantity. If both exciting signals are present, the sign signals are evaluated.

Abstract: For a call-associated bit rate monitoring, it is provided that a count value (d) corresponding to the relationship between the maximally allowed transmission bit rate and the transmission bit rate declared for the connection and a minimum counter reading (W.sub.min) (or, respectively, a maximum counter reading (W.sub.max)) are determined during the course of the setup of the respective connection. Over and above this, the plurality of message cells appearing during the course of established connections is acquired by a global counter that is incremented by a value "1" at every appearance of a message cell. In response to the appearance of a message cell, a sum value (or, respectively, difference value) is additionally individually formed for the respective connection from a momentary counter reading maintained for the respective connection and the global counter reading.