Abstract: Pervious diaphragms for cells for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides and the method of manufacture thereof are disclosed; the pervious diaphragms comprise inorganic fibers and a polymer which is selected from polyelectrolytes insoluble in aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for the continuous production of oriented hollow bodies from a thermoplastic by blow extrusion which comprises a device for the extrusion of at least one continuous tubular parison from the thermoplastic and also comprises (1) at least one station for blow-molding preforms which is capable of receiving at least one preform mold which can seize a length of extruded parison while leaving open one end of this length which protrudes beyond the mold, and which is equipped with at least one blow nozzle which can be introduced into the open and protruding end of the length of parison so as to permit the production of preforms provided with a definitive molded neck (2) at least one fixed station for the heat-conditioning of the preforms to their orientation temperature and (3) at least one fixed station for the final blow-molding of the conditioned preforms equipped with at least one blow nozzle and at least one final blow-mold of which the cavity reproduces the shape of the desire

Abstract: Apparatus for the continuous production of oriented hollow bodies from a thermoplastic, which includes a device for the production of a continous tubular parison from a thermoplastic. There is also a machine for blowing preforms which is fed with the continuous tubular parison and of which the molds, aligned end to end contiguously on a first rotary carrier, make it possible to produce separate preforms of which the neck is molded to its definitive or ultimate shape. A device is provided for deflashing the neck of the preforms, as is a device for thermal conditioning which brings the preforms to their optimum orientation temperature. A final blowing machine is used which includes a plurality of molds mounted on a second rotary carrier as is a transfer device which bring the preforms from the preform blowing machine to the final blowing machine while causing them to pass successively through the deflashing device and the thermal conditioning device.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for handling corrosive concentrated aqueous solutions of alkali metal hydroxides containing major amounts of alkali metal halides in equipment made of ordinary or mild steel. Corrosion is prevented by a combination of controlling the amount of alkali metal hydroxide to less than 500 gms per kilogram of solution; maintaining the temperature of the solution below 130.degree. C.; and providing an anodic potential of between -1000 mV and -200 mV with respect to the potential of the saturated calomel electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the stabilization of methylene chloride, in which a mixture of stabilizers comprising at least one vicinal epoxide and at least one aliphatic monoether is added to the methylene chloride.Methylene chloride so stabilized is particularly suitable for the degreasing of metals in the vapor phase.

Abstract: Catalyst systems for the polymerization and copolymerization of .alpha.-olefins, as well as process for making and using the same, which comprises an organo-metallic compound of a metal of Groups Ia, IIa, IIb, IIIb and IVb of the Periodic Table and a solid catalyst complex formed by reacting together at least one compound selected from organo oxygen-containing and halogen-containing compounds of each of the metals of magnesium, titanium and zirconium and at least one aluminum halide.

Abstract: Salts of poly-.alpha.-hydroxyacrylic acid or their alkyl derivatives are obtained by thermally dehydrochlorinating .alpha., .beta.-dichloro-propionic acid or its alkyl derivatives into the corresponding .alpha.-chloroacrylic acid, polymerizing the .alpha.-chloroacrylic acid in water to obtain a solid product and neutralizing the solid product with an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide.The poly-.alpha.-hydroxyacrylates are useful as sequestering agents or builders.

Abstract: A diaphragm cell for use in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride. The cell is provided with a chamber divided by a diaphragm into an anode compartment having at least one anode therein and a cathode compartment having at least one cathode therein. The cathode has a catalytic surface different from the active surface of the anode. The cathode surface is made of a material which catalyses the decomposition of hypochlorite ions.

Abstract: A mold composed of two half-molds arranged to undergo pivotal movement into a mold closing position, for molding an article having a reentrant portion extending to both sides of the plane of closure of the half-molds, is also arranged so that during pivotal movement out of the mold closing position one of the half-molds undergoes translational movement parallel to the plane of closure in order to release the reentrant portion of the article from the mold cavity.

Abstract: A process is provided for the manufacture of fibrils of short length by suddenly releasing the pressure acting on a two-phase liquid mixture of molten polymer and solvent and which is at a high pressure and a high temperature. The two-phase liquid mixture is ejected through a pressure release orifice so as to vaporize the solvent instantaneously and solidify the polymer, and the flow path of the two-phase liquid mixture is perturbed at the instant when it enters the pressure release orifice.Spinnerets are provided which have a perturbation chamber containing a supply orifice and a pressure release orifice.

Abstract: A stable liquid detergent composition comprises a peroxide derivative, at least one surface-active agent, a salt of a polymer derived from an alpha-hydroxyacrylic acid, which salt contains units of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may or may not be substituted and where M represents a cationic radical resulting from the dissociation of a base, and at least one solvent.

Abstract: A solid composition for washing, cleaning and bleaching includes at least one basic compound and a solid polylactone derived from a polymer of an .alpha.-hydroxyacrylic acid. The .alpha.-hydroxyacrylic acid from which the solid polylactone is derived contains monomeric units of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent hydrogen or an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The free flowing premixes which are intended to be added to detergent or washing powders, consists of particles which comprise, in the form of a water-soluble salt, a linear or branched hydroxycarboxylic polymer or copolymer, the main chain of which contains essentially carbon and carries carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the respective proportion of 1:10 to 20:1, and one or more surface-active agents which are liquid or paste-like at a temperature below 180.degree. C, in combination with the said polymer or copolymer.

Abstract: Rigid and semi-rigid, fire-resisting polyurethane foams which are prepared by reacting in the presence of a foaming agent and a reaction catalyst an organic polyisocyanate and at least one polyether-polyol having the general formula: ##STR1## IN WHICH Z REPRESENTS A NUMBER BETWEEN 2 AND 6, X AND Y REPRESENT NUMBERS BETWEEN 0 AND 12 SUCH THAT THE MEAN VALUE X+Y PER CHAIN IS BETWEEN 0 AND 12, AND THAT Z (X+Y), IN WHICH X+Y REPRESENTS THE MEAN VALUE OF X+Y IN THE ENTIRE MOLECULE, IS BETWEEN 1 AND 72, AND Z represents a radical of valence z which is the residue of an organic polyhydroxyl compound initiator having from 2 and 6 hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Halogenated polyether-polyols lacking terminal primary chlorohydrin and hydroxyl groups are reacted with organic isocyanates to produce semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foam having excellent physical, mechanical and processing characteristics and good fire-resistance. The polyether-polyols are used individually, as admixtures with each other and/or as admixtures with non-halogenated polyether-polyols.

Abstract: Stabilized methylene chloride and process for stabilizing methylene chloride against its decomposition by supplying thereto 2-methylfuran and one or more expoxides.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of ammonia from liquor from the filters of ammonia-soda plants, which contains free ammonia and ammonium chloride. In this method the liquor is heated to release the free ammonia, and the remaining liquor is then treated successively in a prelimer with lime in an amount insufficient to decompose the whole part of the ammonium chloride and in a still with steam and an alkali metal hydroxide in an amount sufficient to decompose the remaining part of ammonium chloride.

Abstract: An anode assembly having upstanding anode plates either clamped between metallic beams or on metallic bars between the metallic beams. The beams and the bars are covered with fluid-tight caps made of a sheet material with downwardly bent marginal edge portions disposed on longitudinal grooves on the sides of the beams and bars. These grooves extend axially of the beams and bars and are open to the sides and to the top of the individual beams and bars. The grooves of two next successive beams define a dovetail groove narrower at the top adjacent the caps and are filled with a sealing material to define sealing joints so that the assembly has a fluid-tight upper surface of the base.

Abstract: Olefins are polymerized and copolymerized in the presence of a solid catalyst which contains an organometallic compound and a solid material having at the surface thereof catalytic complexes containing a divalent metal, halogen, oxygen and a transition metal having halogenated substituents. The solid material of the catalyst is obtained by reacting a liquid halogenated derivative of a transition metal, such as TiCl.sub.4 or VOCl.sub.3 with a solid support which is a oxygenated compound of a divalent metal and which is substantially anhydrous and also substantially free of hydroxyl groups; examples of such a solid support include calcium, magnesium and zinc oxides and oxygenated salts such as nitrates, sulfates and silicates and organic carboxylate salts including salts of mono- and acetates polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinylidene fluoride by pyrolysis of 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane at temperatures of between 500.degree. and 610.degree. C comprises conducting the pyrolysis in the simultaneous presence of from 0.01 to 10 mol % of carbon tetrachloride and from 0.01 to 10 mol % of chlorine, relative to the 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane.