Abstract: The present invention relates to developing customized therapies for a disease or condition in a subject. In particular, the present invention relates to aptamer-based compositions and methods for identifying, modulating and monitoring drug targets in individual with a disease or condition, and further composition and methods for identifying and selecting protein targets for drug development.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for reducing the variability of inter-sample analyte measurements from a biological matrix. In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to methods for reducing the variability in the inter-sample levels of one or more proteins from a biological sample as measured by a proteomic assay.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes improved SELEX methods for producing aptamers that are capable of binding to target molecules and improved photoSELEX methods for producing photoreactive aptamers that are capable of both binding and covalently crosslinking to target molecules. Specifically, the present disclosure describes methods for producing aptamers and photoaptamers having slower dissociation rate constants than are obtained using prior SELEX and photoSELEX methods. The disclosure further describes aptamers and photoaptamers having slower dissociation rate constants than those obtained using prior methods. In addition, the disclosure describes aptamer constructs that include a variety of functionalities, including a cleavable element, a detection element, and a capture or immobilization element.

Abstract: The present application includes biomarkers, methods, devices, reagents, systems, and kits for the detection and diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and general cancer. In one aspect, the application provides biomarkers that can be used alone or in various combinations to diagnose non-small cell lung cancer or general cancer. In another aspect, methods are provided for diagnosing non-small cell lung cancer in an individual, where the methods include detecting, in a biological sample from an individual, at least one biomarker value corresponding to at least one biomarker selected from the group of biomarkers provided in Table 1, wherein the individual is classified as having lung cancer, or the likelihood of the individual having lung cancer is determined, based on the at least one biomarker value.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for the detection of proteins in biological fluids such as urine using a label-free assay is described. Specific proteins are detected by their binding to highly specific capture reagents such as SOMAmers that are attached to the surface of a substrate. Changes to these capture reagents and their local environment upon protein binding modify the behavior of color centers (e.g., fluorescence, ionization state, spin state, etc.) embedded in the substrate beneath the bound capture reagents. These changes can be read out, for example, optically or electrically, for an individual color center or as an average response of many color centers.

Abstract: The present application includes biomarkers, methods, devices, reagents, systems, and kits for the detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. In one aspect, the application provides biomarkers that can be used alone or in various combinations to diagnose lung cancer or permit the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules as benign or malignant. In another aspect, methods are provided for diagnosing lung cancer in an individual, where the methods include detecting, in a biological sample from an individual, at least one biomarker value corresponding to at least one biomarker selected from the group of biomarkers provided in Table 18, Table 20, or Table 21, wherein the individual is classified as having lung cancer, or the likelihood of the individual having lung cancer is determined, based on the at least one biomarker value.

Abstract: Aptamers that bind PDGF and aptamers that bind VEGF are provided. In addition, aptamer constructs comprising a PDGF aptamer and a VEGF aptamer are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aptamers and aptamer constructs are provided, as well as methods of treating conditions using the aptamers and aptamer constructs.

Abstract: Described herein are aptamers capable of binding to immunoglobulin G (IgG); compositions comprising an IgG binding aptamer with an IgG protein; and methods of making and using the same. Provided herein are also methods of releasing proteins bound to aptamers.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes improved SELEX methods for producing aptamers that are capable of binding to target molecules and improved photoSELEX methods for producing photoreactive aptamers that are capable of both binding and covalently crosslinking to target molecules. Specifically, the present disclosure describes methods for producing aptamers and photoaptamers having slower dissociation rate constants than are obtained using prior SELEX and photoSELEX methods. The disclosure further describes aptamers and photoaptamers having slower dissociation rate constants than those obtained using prior methods. In addition, the disclosure describes aptamer constructs that include a variety of functionalities, including a cleavable element, a detection element, and a capture or immobilization element.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and kits for determining whether a subject has non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and more specifically one or more of the following associated conditions of steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis, are provided. Methods, compositions, and kits for determining whether a subject has non-alcoholic steatosis are also provided. Methods, compositions, and kits for determining whether a subject has non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes biomarkers, methods, devices, reagents, systems, and kits for the detection and diagnosis of cancer generally and pancreatic cancer specifically. In one aspect, the disclosure provides biomarkers that can be used alone or in various combinations to diagnose cancer generally or pancreatic cancer specifically. In another aspect, methods are provided for diagnosing pancreatic cancer in an individual, where the methods include detecting, in a biological sample from an individual, at least one biomarker value corresponding to at least one biomarker selected from the group of biomarkers provided in Table 1, wherein the individual is classified as having pancreatic cancer, or the likelihood of the individual having pancreatic cancer is determined, based on the at least one biomarker value.

Abstract: Described herein are aptamers capable of binding to growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) protein; compositions comprising a GDF11 binding aptamer with a GDF11 protein; and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Methods and computer methods used to assess an individual for the prediction of risk of developing a Cardiovascular (CV) Event over a 1 to 5 year period are provided. The methods employ at least two biomarkers selected from MMP12, angiopoietin-2, complement C7, cardiac troponin I, angiopoietin-related protein 4, CCL18/PARC, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin complex, GDF11 and alpha-2-antiplasmin, or GDF11 in combination with FSTL3. The methods are particularly useful in predicting CV events in patients who suffer from coronary heart disease (CHD).

Abstract: The present disclosure includes biomarkers, methods, devices, reagents, systems, and kits for the evaluation of risk of a caradiovascular (CV) Event within 5 years. In one aspect, the disclosure provides biomarkers that can be used alone or in various combinations to evaluate risk of a CV event within 5 years. In another aspect, methods are provided for evaluating risk of a CV event within 5 years in an individual, where the methods include detecting, in a biological sample from an individual, at least one biomarker value corresponding to at least one biomarker selected from the group of biomarkers provided in Table 1. In a further aspect, methods are provided for evaluating the risk of a CV, where the methods include detecting, in a biological sample from an individual, at least one biomarker value corresponding to at least one biomarker selected from the group of biomarkers provided in Table 2.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods, devices, reagents, and kits for the detection of one or more target molecules that may be present in a test sample. In one embodiment, a test sample is contacted with an aptamer that includes a tag and has a specific affinity for a target molecule. An aptamer affinity complex that includes an aptamer bound to its target molecule is allowed to form. If the test sample contains the target molecule, an aptamer affinity complex will generally form in the test sample. The aptamer affinity complex is optionally converted to an aptamer covalent complex that includes an aptamer covalently bound to its target molecule. The aptamer affinity complex (or optional aptamer covalent complex) can then be detected and/or quantified using any of a variety of methods known to one skilled in the art, including using a solid support, using mass spectrometry, and using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).

Abstract: Modified Tryptamine, Tryptamine-2?-deoxy-uridine (TrpdU) and TrpdU-phosphoramidites for oligonucleotide synthesis are provided, as well as improved methods of their synthesis and oligonucleotides comprising at least one modified TrpdU nucleotide.

Abstract: The present invention provides aptamers that specifically bind to the EGF receptor in a sample, and diagnostic and analytical methods using those aptamers. In some embodiments, the aptamers include a 3? cap. In some embodiments, the 3? cap is an inverted deoxythymidine. In some embodiments the aptamers include a spacer and at least one moiety selected from the group consisting of binding pair member and a detectable label, wherein the spacer is attached to the 5?-end of the aptamer and the moiety is attached the 5? end of the spacer. In some embodiments the spacer is hexaethylene glycol. In some embodiments, the binding pair member biotin. In some embodiments the detectable label is a fluorophore.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for the detection of proteins in biological fluids such as urine using a label-free assay is described. Specific proteins are detected by their binding to highly specific capture reagents such as SOMAmers that are attached to the surface of a substrate. Changes to these capture reagents and their local environment upon protein binding modify the behavior of color centers (e.g., fluorescence, ionization state, spin state, etc.) embedded in the substrate beneath the bound capture reagents. These changes can be read out, for example, optically or electrically, for an individual color center or as an average response of many color centers.

Abstract: Aptamers having improved stability against nucleases that bind PDGF and aptamers that bind VEGF are provided. In addition, aptamer constructs comprising a PDGF aptamer and a VEGF aptamer are provided. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aptamers and aptamer constructs are provided, as well as methods of treating conditions using the aptamers and aptamer constructs.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for detecting the presence or absence of a microorganism in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an aptamer capable of binding to a cell-surface protein of the microorganism to form a complex, contacting the mixture with a second aptamer capable of binding to the first cell-surface protein or a second cell-surface protein of the microorganism; and performing an assay to detect the second aptamer, wherein detecting the second aptamer indicates that the microorganism is present in the sample, and wherein not detecting the second aptamer indicates that the microorganism is absent from the sample.