Abstract: A display system includes a coherent light source that can emit a coherent light beam, a de-speckling device configured to distort a wavefront of the coherent light beam to produce a distorted coherent light beam, and a two-dimensional array of light modulators that can selectively modulate the distorted coherent light beam to select a plurality of pixels for display.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for maximizing performance of an electronic device, such as a display device. Aspects of the exemplary embodiments include operating the electronic device by adjusting power to the device to maintain a predetermined junction temperature of the device independent of the ambient temperature at which the device is operating.

Abstract: A high contrast spatial light modulator for display and printing is fabricated by coupling a high active reflection area fill-ratio and non-diffractive micro-mirror array with a high electrostatic efficiency and low surface adhesion control substrate.

Abstract: A wafer containing a plurality of electro-optical devices, each device being enclosed in chamber that has a translucent cover. An X-Y matrix of pairs of interconnections on the wafer are connected to the circuitry of the electro-optical devices for addressing the electro-optical devices. The pairs of interconnections extend outside of the chambers enclosing the devices to testing areas on the periphery of the wafer. Testing is done by signals applied through the interconnections while simultaneously exposing the devices to light through the translucent covers.

Abstract: A micro structure includes a seed electrode layer on a substrate and a plurality of conductive layers on the seed electrode layer. The combined thickness of the seed electrode layer and the plurality of conductive layers can be more than 0.1 mm and the lateral dimensions of the seed electrode layer and the plurality of conductive layers vary less than 20% along the direction normal to a surface of the substrate and the micro structure has striations on an outer surface.

Abstract: A micro mirror device includes a first hinge supported by a substrate, a mirror plate tiltable around the first hinge and having a first set of arms facing the substrate, and a second set of arms on the substrate. The first set of arms and the second set of arms can be interdigitated when the mirror plate is tilted. The micro mirror device includes a first lateral guard on the substrate (or the mirror plate). The first lateral guard can limit movement of the mirror plate to a position in a first direction substantially parallel to an upper surface of the substrate to prevent the first set of arms from contacting the second set of arms when the arms are in the interdigitated position.

Abstract: An encapsulated device includes a micro device on a substrate, a micro chamber that encapsulates the micro device on the substrate; and a layer of hermetic-sealing material that provides at least some degree of hermeticity on one or more outer surfaces of the micro chamber to at least partially hermetically seal the micro device in the micro chamber.

Abstract: A high contrast spatial light modulator for display and printing is fabricated by coupling a high active reflection area fill-ratio and non-diffractive micro-mirror array with a high electrostatic efficiency and low surface adhesion control substrate.

Abstract: A method for displaying a pixel on a display system using a series of digital pulses obtained by first determining a minimum pulse width (MPW) capable of displaying a pixel on the display system and then using a series of pulses for the display of the pixel, where at least some of the pulses have different pulse widths, and where at least one pulse has a width that is a non-integer multiple greater than 1 of the MPW. In this way, the number of unique intensity levels of the pixels of the displayed image can be increased and display resolution is improved. Even better resolution is obtained using two different, alternating series of digital pulses.

Abstract: A display system includes a coherent light source that can emit a coherent light beam, an optical component that can direct the coherent light beam to a spatial light modulator, a transport mechanism that can move the optical component to produce a movement in the coherent light beam, and a spatial light modulator having a two-dimensional array of mirrors each configured to selectively reflect the coherent light beam either toward a screen surface or away from the screen surface to form a display pixel on the screen surface. A display image is formed on the display screen by display pixels produced by the mirrors that reflect the coherent light beam toward the screen surface.

Abstract: A micro mirror device includes a hinge supported upon a substrate. The hinge has a length and a width substantially parallel to an upper surface of the substrate, and has a thickness substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate. The thickness is larger than the width. A mirror plate is tiltable around the hinge. The hinge can produce an elastic restoring force on the mirror plate when the mirror plate tilts away from an un-tilted position.

Abstract: A micro mirror device includes a hinge supported by a substrate and a mirror plate tiltable around the hinge. The hinge is configured to produce an elastic restoring force on the mirror plate when the mirror plate is tilted away from an un-tilted position. The micro mirror device also includes a controller that can produce an electrostatic force to overcome the elastic restoring force to tilt the mirror plate from the un-tilted position to an “on” position or an “off” position. The electrostatic force can counter the elastic restoring force to hold the mirror plate at the “on” position or the “off” position.

Abstract: An encapsulated micro device includes a micro device on a substrate within a chamber, a transparent encapsulation cover in part defining the chamber, an opaque layered structure on the encapsulation cover and inside the chamber. The layered structure includes an opening over the micro device and is configured to absorb light and moisture in the chamber. A spacer wall between the substrate and the encapsulation cover in part defines the chamber.

Abstract: Devices and methods for forming a spatial light modulator with high contrast are described. Light absorbing materials are used within a chamber that houses a spatial light modulator. The light absorbing materials absorb reflected light that is not intended for forming a part of a display image. The light absorbing material can form an aperture layer, wherein light to form the display image is transmitted through an opening in the aperture layer. An array of spatial light modulators can be within the housing and dummy spatial light modulators may be formed to enable easy alignment of the array with the opening in the aperture layer.

Abstract: A high contrast spatial light modulator for display and printing is fabricated by coupling a high active reflection area fill-ratio and non-diffractive micro mirror array with a high electrostatic efficiency and low surface adhesion control substrate.

Abstract: A die for spatial light modulation includes a substrate having a top surface having a length less than 15 mm and a width less than 11 mm, a spacer wall on the top surface of the substrate, a transparent encapsulation cover on the spacer wall, wherein the spacer wall and the encapsulation cover define a cavity over the substrate, a spatial light modulator on the substrate and within the cavity, and an opaque aperture layer on a surface of the encapsulation cover. The aperture layer includes an opening exposing the transparent window to allow the spatial light modulator to receive a light beam from outside of the cavity or send a light beam outside of the cavity. The spacer wall has a thickness equal to or less than 0.5 millimeters.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a controller, a first addressing circuit, a first array of displaying elements, a second addressing circuit, a second array of displaying elements, and a reset circuit. The controller can separate a digital image into a first image portion and a second image portion and produce a first control signal based on the first image portion and a second control signal based on the second image portion. The first and the second addressing circuits can respectively produce first and second addressing signals in response to the first and second control signals. The first array of displaying elements displays the first image portion in response to the first addressing signals. The second array of displaying elements displays the second image portion in response to the second addressing signals. A reset circuit can simultaneously reset the first array of displaying elements and the second array of displaying elements.

Abstract: Methods for driving a plurality of MEMS devices in an apparatus are described. A voltage pulse is applied to an electrode or a structure portion of a MEMS device. The electrode is on the substrate underneath the structure portion. At least two MEMS devices of the plurality of MEMS devices have different threshold voltages, and the threshold voltage is the minimum voltage required to move the structure portion. A bias voltage is applied to whichever of the electrode or the structure portion of the MEMS device does not have the voltage pulse applied thereto. The bias voltage and the voltage pulse are capable of moving the structure portion of the MEMS device that has the higher threshold voltage of the different threshold voltages.

Abstract: A method for image processing includes quantizing pixel values of the first digital image to form a sequence of quantized pixel values each having the second bit depth. The step of quantizing the pixel values generates a sequence of least significant bit groups, each of the least significant bit groups including one or more least significant bits removed from an associated pixel value of the first digital image, The method also includes converting at least some of the least significant bit groups to binary values, the conversion of each least significant bit group using a binary representation of a fraction proportional to a value of the one or more least significant bits from the least significant bit group and adding the binary values to the quantized pixel values to produce the processed digital image.

Abstract: A micro mirror device is described. The device has a tiltable mirror plate with a reflective surface configured to reflect incident light to form a reflected light beam. A controller is configured to cause the mirror plate to tilt from an un-tilted position to an “off” position, a first “on” position, or a second “on” position. An opaque aperture structure is configured to block substantially all of a reflected light beam from reaching a display surface when the mirror plate is tilted to the “off” position, allow a first portion of a reflected light beam to pass through when the mirror plate is tilted to the first “on” position and allow a second portion of a reflected light beam to pass through when the mirror plate is tilted to the second “on” position. The tilting positions determine a brightness of display pixels.