Abstract: A method of determining a location of a wireless device. The method includes receiving a plurality of beacons, via a measuring station, transmitted from the wireless device. For each beacon, a Times of Arrival (TOA), a Times of Departure (TOD), and a location of the measuring station is identified. A plurality of split time candidates are calculated based on an orbit period of the measuring station and a plurality of cluster modes are calculated for the identified TOAs. A plurality of optimal split times are selected based on the plurality of split time candidates, the plurality of cluster modes, and a beacon drift. A plurality of circular error probability (CEP) ellipses are generated corresponding to the plurality of optimal split times. The plurality of CEP ellipses are merged and a location of the wireless device is determined based, at least in part, on the merged CEP ellipse.

Abstract: A method for determining a geo-location of a target station includes transmitting a plurality of ranging packets to a target station and receiving a plurality of response packets transmitted by the target station. A plurality of round-trip times (RTTs) are determined based on the ranging packets and the response packets. A plurality of angles of arrival (AOAs) are determined based on the response packets. First location vectors are determined based on the pluralities of RTTs and AOAs. Second location vectors are determined based on location parameters of the measuring station and the target station. Squared residual vectors are generated based on the first and second pluralities. A minimum of a sum of the squared residual vectors is calculated to identify best-fit location parameters for the target station. A circular error probability (CEP) ellipse is generated using the best-fit location parameters and a geo-location of the target station is determined.

Abstract: A method and Bluetooth mobile device are disclosed for geo-locating a plurality of target Bluetooth devices. In some embodiments, a method includes distinguishing between time delays associated with received response packets from different target Bluetooth devices based at least in part on Access Codes derived from unique lower address part (LAP) of the received response packets; and determining a location for each of the target Bluetooth devices based at least in part on the time delay associated with the response packet received from the target Bluetooth device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the angle of arrival AOA of Wi-Fi packets, using a switched beam antenna SBA is described. Wide antenna beams, quadrants, are selected in turn and a burst of packets is transmitted on each quadrant. The quadrant with the highest average signals strength is selected. Then the narrow antenna beams that make up that selected quadrant are selected, in sequence, and the average signal strength for each narrow beam is recorded. The narrow beam with the highest average signal strength is returned as the AOA. Based upon which narrow beam recorded the highest signal strength, the next sequence of antenna beams is selected. When the SBA is mounted on a mobile platform, the parameters of the transmission bursts are chosen such that the angular error due to cornering of the platform is negligible.

Abstract: A method and devices are disclosed for geo-location of wireless local area network (WLAN) devices. According to one aspect, a method for determining a corrected round trip times (RTT) resulting from communication with a WD is provided. The WD is configured with one or two short interframe spacings (SIFS). The method includes performing RTT measurements at successive times. The method includes determining a presence of one or two modes based at least in part on peaks of a kernel density estimation (KDE) surface. The KDE surface is determined from the RTT measurements. When there is only one mode, a corrected RTT is determined based on the RTT measurements and a first SIFS. When there are two modes, a corrected RTT is determined based on the RTT measurements and the first SIFS plus an SIFS offset (?), ? being based at least in part on a difference between the two modes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the angle of arrival AOA of Classic Bluetooth Basic Rate (BR) packets, using a switched beam antenna SBA is described. Paging packets are transmitted and wide antenna beams, quadrants, are selected in turn until the paging response is received. After transmitting the synchronization packet and the temporary connection is established, narrow antenna beams are selected, in sequences and the average signal strength for each beam is recorded, for each sequence. The beam with the highest signal strength is returned as the AOA. Based upon which beam recorded the highest signal strength, the next sequence of antenna beams is selected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring confidence in the angle of arrival AOA of Wi-Fi packets, from a target station, using a switched beam antenna SBA is described. AOAs can be inaccurate due to reflections and multipaths. To assess the confidence of an AOA, each AOA is first converted to relative north, AOAt, and checked that at least M AOAs have been received in time T. If so, the standard deviation is calculated for of all the AOAs received during previous time T. If the standard deviation is less than a preset value, and the receiving station is not stationary, then the AOAt is considered to have high confidence and may be used to calculate the target station location. A vector display of the AOA uses the standard deviation to display the AOA vector as a varying length or a varying beamwidth corresponding to the standard deviation.

Abstract: A method in a first wireless device (WD) is described. The method includes determining one round trip time (RTT) of a first set of RTTs. The method also includes, at set intervals (TK), determining a set of mode peaks of the first set of RTTs, determining that the first SIFS mode has the highest mode peak of the set of mode peaks, determining that the second SIFS mode has the second highest peak of the set of mode peaks, determining a mode difference (TD), and adjusting the second subset of RTTs at least by adding or subtracting TD to each RTT of the second subset of RTTs. The method also includes determining a second set of RTTs comprising the first subset of RTTs and the adjusted second subset of RTTs, the second set of RTTs corresponding to the adjusted single SIFS mode.

Abstract: A method for detection of an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) packet preamble is described. The method includes quantizing a real part and an imaginary part of each complex template value to a template index value, determining a plurality of non-zero template index values based on the quantization, receiving a signal including a plurality of samples, performing a plurality of first sums, where each first sum sums a sample subset of plurality of sample subsets, and assigning the plurality of non-zero template index values to the plurality of first sums. The method further includes performing a transposition of each first sum using the assigned non-zero template index value, performing a second sum, where the second sum is a complex weighted sum of the transposition of each first sum, and determining that the received signal comprises the OFDM packet preamble based on the complex weighed sum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the angle of arrival AOA of Wi-Fi packets, using a switched beam antenna SBA is described. Wide antenna beams, quadrants, are selected in turn and a burst of packets is transmitted on each quadrant. The quadrant with the highest average signals strength is selected. Then the narrow antenna beams that make up that selected quadrant are selected, in sequence, and the average signal strength for each narrow beam is recorded. The narrow beam with the highest average signal strength is returned as the AOA. Based upon which narrow beam recorded the highest signal strength, the next sequence of antenna beams is selected. When the SBA is mounted on a mobile platform, the parameters of the transmission bursts are chosen such that the angular error due to cornering of the platform is negligible.

Abstract: A method in a mobile station (STA) configured to associate to an access point (AP) is described. The method includes determining an identifiable random medium access control (MAC) address (IRMA), associating to the AP and transmitting the IRMA to the AP during the association. The method also includes using the IRMA as the transmitter address (TA) a next time the STA begins to associate to the AP, where the IRMA is usable by the AP to identify the STA prior to a next association, determining a new IRMA, and transmitting the new IRMA to the AP during the next association. One or more additional associations to the AP are performed at least by transmitting at least a corresponding IRMA to the AP and indicating that the corresponding IRMA is a TA of the STA.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system are described. A method in an access point (AP) configured for medium access control (MAC) address designation (MAAD) is described. The AP is configured to wirelessly communicate with a station (STA). The method comprises determining a first MAC address of the STA, where the first MAC address is usable as a transmitter address (TA) of the STA for a subsequent association to the AP by the STA, and transmitting the first MAC address to the STA in one of a response action frame and a message of a multiple-message handshake process.

Abstract: A method implemented in a monitoring station is described. The monitoring station is configurable to monitor a communication between a first wireless device and a second wireless device. The method includes receiving a packet from the first wireless device, the packet being addressed to the second wireless device and determining whether the received packet meets at least one criterion of one packet that is to be blocked. The method further includes transmitting a blocking signal when the received packet meets the at least one criterion of the one packet that is to be blocked. The blocking signal causes an interference with a reception, at the second wireless device, of at least one field of the received packet.

Abstract: A method in a first wireless device (WD) supporting wireless communication with a second WD is described. A plurality of wireless packets is received from the second WD including at least a first wireless packet. At least another wireless packet of the plurality of wireless packets is one of a retry packet and a repeat packet of the first packet. Each wireless packet of the plurality of wireless packets includes a plurality of bits and a first group of bits. For each received wireless packet, the plurality of bits corresponding to the received wireless packet is de-spread, and the first group of bits is correlated with a predetermined group of bits. The method further includes performing a majority vote based on the correlation of the first group of bits of each received wireless packet and creating a corrected packet based in part on the majority vote.

Abstract: A method in a wireless device (WD) is described. The method is at least for determining a geo-location of a target station using round-trip times (RTTs) of a plurality of signals transmitted by the WD and a plurality of response signals received from the target station corresponding to the plurality of signals transmitted by the WD. The method includes determining an expected response signal, and, for each transmitted signal of the plurality of signals, determining that a response signal type matches an expected response signal type, cross-correlating a set of samples of the response signal, searching for a predetermined characteristic of the expected response signal, and correlating at least a subset of bits of the set of bits of the received response signal with the set of expected bits of the expected response signal. Further, a peak rolling sum correlation and the RTTs are determined.

Abstract: A method in a first wireless device (WD) is described. The method includes determining a plurality of expected response signals, each having a scrambling seed number and an expected sequence of time domain symbols; receiving a plurality of response signals; determining a plurality of frequency shifted time domain samples, cross-correlating each frequency shifted time domain sample with the expected sequence of time domain symbols, for each scrambling seed number of each expected response signal; determining a maximum correlation value for each frequency shift and each frequency shifted time domain sample; summing the maximum correlation value for each frequency shift, each frequency shifted time domain sample, and each response signal; determining a peak correlation value based on the summed maximum correlation value; and determining at least the round trip time associated with the plurality of ranging signals based at least in part on the peak correlation value.

Abstract: A method and devices are disclosed that locate a target station moving at a constant velocity. A method and devices are disclosed for producing an RTT vector that is based upon the changes in position of the airborne measuring station position and the relative change in position of the target station. In one embodiment, the target station is an access point or station conforming to the IEEE 802.11 Standard and the airborne measuring station may also be a device that conforms to the IEEE 802.11 Standard.

Abstract: A method in a wireless device (WD) for determining a best-fit geo-location of a target station is described. The best-fit geo-location is determined using a plurality of round-trip times (RTTs). The target station is movable. The method includes assigning values to current target station parameters. The current target station parameters include a current location for the target station and movement parameters. A plurality of square residuals is determined based at least in part on the current target station parameters. Each square residual of the plurality of square residuals corresponds to one RTT. A minimum of a sum of squared residuals (SSR) is determined based at least on the plurality of square residuals. best-fit parameters are determined based at least in part on the determined minimum of the SSR. In addition, the best-fit geo-location of the target station is determined based at least on the best-fit parameters.

Abstract: A method in a monitoring station configured for communication with a wireless device is described. The method includes determining a round trip time, RTT, that corresponds to a first packet transmitted to the wireless device; receiving a second packet from the wireless device; determining the second packet from the wireless device has been received without error based at least in part on an error-detecting field; and receiving a subsequent packet from the wireless device. The method further includes determining that the subsequent packet received is a second packet retransmission; determining a preamble receipt time of the subsequent packet; determining a delay value based in part on the RTT of the first packet, the length field of the subsequent packet, and data rate field of the subsequent packet. The first acknowledgement packet is transmitted timed at the delay value after the preamble receipt time of the subsequent packet.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed that derive an IQ magnitude parameter, and then determine the optimum IQ magnitude for wanted signals with negative signal to noise values. For each device installation, a calibration routine may be carried out that sets the baseband gain to produce this optimum IQ magnitude for each frequency channel.