Abstract: A gas sensor is provided here comprising a semi-conductor support coated with a material which reacts with a specific gas as a result of which it exchanges electrons with the support. By measuring the resulting change in conductivity of the support, one can detect the presence of the particular gas as well as its concentration.

Abstract: Highly sensitive method and apparatus for photon detection in the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic energy spectrum are shown in which atoms of a material in the vapor state are excited to a first Rydberg energy level by use of radiation from one or more laser beams. The Rydberg excited material is subjected to the low energy radiation to be detected to induce therein an allowed electric dipole transition from said first to a second Rydberg energy level of the same or quite similar principal quantum number. Spontaneous high energy emission as a result of a distinctive radiative transition from said second Rydberg energy level is detected independently of other radiative transitions by conventional photodetector means such as a photomultiplier operable within the optical spectrum. The photomultiplier output provides a measure of said radiation to be detected.

Abstract: A method and means of making an immunological assay is provided whereby stable isotopes of certain elements, or long-lived radioisotopes of these elements are used to tag antigens or antibodies. A known amount of the tagged antibodies or antigens are then mixed with the unknown number of antigens or antibodies forming an antigen-antibody complex, (bound) and free tagged antigens, or antibodies, (unbound). The bound antigens or antibodies are separated from the unbound, and their quantity is determined by negative ion mass spectrometry. An aliquot of the unbound or bound antigens or antibodies is taken and dried in a metal crucible, for example, which is then inserted into a negative ion mass spectrometer where the sample is vaporized, ionized and the number of tagging atoms is then counted. From the information provided by the count, an immunoassay can be established.

Abstract: The ultrasonic imaging method and apparatus comprises an ultrasonic wave transducer supplied with recurrent multifrequency energy pulses for pulse insonification of an object under investigation with ultrasonic waves. Resultant echo waves from the object are directed onto the transducer for converting the same to electrical signals which are supplied to a signal processor which includes a variable bandpass filter. One or more of the filter characteristics are varied as a function of depth from which the echo signals are returned for enhanced resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal. Preferably, the filter is matched to the noise and signal spectra of the system. For A scan and B scan operations wherein reverberated acoustic pulses are derived from a range of depths a time variable filter is employed for time varying operation thereof.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of adriamycin and 7,9-epiadriamycin, both active antineoplastic agents, in which 7-deoxydaunomycinone, in either the 9s or racemic (.+-.) form, is employed as the starting material, the process in one embodiment also being productive of the useful intermediate compound 4-methoxy-6,11-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-5,9(10H),12-naphthacenetrione. The process involves converting 7-deoxydaunomicinone successively to daunomycinone, adriamycinone, 14-0-p-anisyldiphenylmethyladriamycinone and finally to adriamycin or to both adriamycin and 7,9-epiadriamycin. When producing the latter mixture of diastereomers, the 7-deoxydaunomycinone starting material is first converted to racemate form by a process involving the successive production of 7-deoxydaunorubicinol, 4-methoxy-6,11-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-5,9(10H), 12-naphthacenetrione, (.+-.)-4-methoxy-9-cyano-6,9,11-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,12-naphth acenedione, (.+-.

Abstract: A coupling circuit for use at microwave frequencies comprising two conductors each having substantially the shape of a W, which conductors are deposited on a substrate in a manner so that the bases of W's oppose one another to form two semi-lumped capacitances of different susceptance, separated by phasing line lengths.

Abstract: A radar target enhancement system is provided whereby a received target signal is regenerated and retransmitted with the same frequency and pulse width as the received target sigal.

Abstract: A memory organization is provided which can tolerate a large number of faults at a low cost in redundancy. This is done by transferring the contents of the faulty storage cells in the memory to other storage cells in the memory and providing for a switching arrangement whereby the address of the faulty storage cells will cause the readout of data from the cells to which the data has been transferred.

Abstract: N-substituted 2-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]imidazoles having the structure ##STR1## wherein R represents mono- or dimethoxybenzyl, pyridylmethyl, N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl or phenoxypropyl. A preferred compound is 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]imidazole. The compounds have utility as antischistosomal chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: A compact apparatus for analyzing a signature or other handwritten markings, including a horizontal platen which can support paper on which a signature is written, a pair of inner beams extending horizontally from opposite sides of the platen to an intermediate structure, and a pair of outer beams extending horizontally, and in directions perpendicular to the inner beams, between the intermediate structure and a supporting frame. Strain gauges are attached to the sides of the inner and outer beams to sense forces applied to the platen by the tip of a writing instrument in the horizontal "X" and "Y" directions, and additional strain gauges are attached to opposite faces of the outer beams to sense forces in the vertical, or "Z," direction.

Abstract: Composite acoustic lens assemblies which are adapted for use in a fluid medium and utilized for forming acoustic images with incident acoustic waves or focusing incident acoustic waves are constructed utilizing two or more lens elements with a fluid filler medium contained therebetween. In order to reduce the radius of curvature of the lens elements to such an extent that mode conversion at liquid/solid interfaces is substantially eliminated while providing the required image or focusing, the materials of the lens medium and the liquid medium between the lens elements are selected so that the velocity of propagation of acoustic waves in the medium, at least on one side of the composite acoustic lens is intermediate the velocity of propagation of acoustic waves in the media of the lens elements and the fluid filler.

Abstract: A proximity coupler is provided for high frequency circuits wherein conductors are deposited on a substrate in the shape of a hollow dumbbell intersected by an X. Coupling is provided primarily across sawtoothed shaped gaps in the dumbbell center section and secondarily across a gap formed by spaced parallel connectors in said center section. The parallel conductors have phase delaying loops at opposite ends, and the resulting coupling characteristics of the proximity coupler can be modified by dimensional changes of the loops.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer comprising a linear array of piezoelectric elements for converting a single line from a compressional acoustic image field to electrical impulses which, in turn, provide a means for converting the incident compressional image field to a visual representation. In order to match the configuration of the acoustic image field, the array of piezoelectric elements, in a preferred embodiment, has the configuration of an arc, that is, the array is arranged in a straight line in one plane and in an arc in a plane orthogonal to the first. The transducer is made up of a plurality of assemblies each of which is composed of segments of piezoelectric material each held in a supporting slot in a length of metal plate which slot is filled with a material selected to provide impedance matching between the piezoelectric material and the transmission medium.

Abstract: There is provided a method and means for establishing storage sites in photodichroic materials using ion implantation.

Abstract: An indicator of the presence and changes in the carbon monoxide content of the air is provided by this invention. It operates by measuring the change in resistance of a silver oxide when exposed to carbon monoxide.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the pollution-free generation of electrical power from carbonaceous fuels in which molten lead is electrochemically oxidized to produce lead oxide and electricity in a single integrated cell in which the resulting lead oxide is simultaneously converted back to lead metal by carbothermic reduction with a carbonaceous fuel, the entire process being carried out in a single cell using a molten carbonate as electrolyte in a temperature range of 500.degree. to 900.degree. C. The entire cycle thus consumes only carbon and oxygen and produces electricity. It is found that by thus coupling the electrochemical cell and the thermochemical regeneration system, the resulting integrated carbon-lead-air cell will maintain a voltage well above that provided by a simple lead-air cell approaching that of a hypothetical carbon-air cell.

Abstract: A chemical species, present in two oxidation states which differ from one another by one equivalent, is added to pigment materials to serve as a recombination center for alternately capturing electrons and holes produced by the pigment materials when they are subjected to ultraviolet light exposure.

Abstract: Error compensating method and means are shown for use in multichannel systems for compensation of errors in the operating characteristics of the individual information handling channels. Offset, gain, linearity and the like, channel transfer function errors, may be compensated for in accordance with the invention. Error compensating signals for the individual information handling channels are stored in error compensating signal storage means and are combined with the channel output signals to compensate for errors therein. A test signal is supplied to the channel inputs, and the compensated channel outputs resultant thereof are compared with a standard related to said test signal. Variations from the standard are used to update the error compensating signals contained in storage.

Abstract: A receiver signal processing system and method are shown which are representative of a plurality of signal channels for processing a plurality of electrical signals produced, for example, by an array of transducer elements. The system includes amplifier means which is supplied with an a-c input signal such as the output from an acoustic transducer element included in an array thereof. The output of the amplifier means is connected to a signal level detector, and the detector output is coupled to signal storage means through receiver signal gating means. The signal storage means simply may comprise a capacitor which functions as an analog peak signal detector and storage means such that the peak signal from the signal level detector is stored therein when a receiver gating pulse is supplied to the receiver gating means to enable the same.

Abstract: The compounds 4-carbethoxy-1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 4-diethylcarbamyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, said compounds having utility as antifilarial agents.