Abstract: A novel type of superconducting transition edge sensor is described. The sensor comprises a primary heat sink maintained at a constant temperature and a resistive means, such as a superconducting film, in thermal contact with the primary heat sink. The temperature of the primary heat sink is kept well below the transition temperature of the superconducting film. The film is voltage biased, so that its temperature is maintained within its superconducting transition through electrothermal feedback: at equilibrium, the Joule heating of the film is equal to the heat loss from the film to the substrate. The energy deposited in the film by a particle incident on the sensor is measured by the reduction in Joule heating.

Abstract: An RF communications receiver permits greater integration on standard silicon chips and consumes less power than previous receivers. Sub-sampling and discrete-time signal processing techniques are used to frequency down-convert, filter, amplify, and select a desired analog RF channel. A sample-and-hold circuit sub-samples the desired analog RF channel of carrier frequency f.sub.c, thereby down-converting it to a discrete-time image signal of frequency f.sub.i. Successive down-sampling, anti-alias filtering, and amplification of the discrete-time image signal yield a low-frequency discrete-time signal containing a down-converted channel of frequency f.sub.k. The low-frequency discrete-time signal is then digitized, filtered, and demodulated to reveal its baseband information content.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for using feedback to reduce crosstalk between mobile receivers in a wireless communications system comprising an adaptive transmitting antenna array. Feedback signals from the receivers are time-averaged and used to calculate a set of weight vectors that minimize crosstalk and maximize desired signal without requiring burdensome feedback rates. Beamforming diversity is combined with feedback through the use of diversity vectors. The preferred embodiment includes a method for obtaining the required feedback by exploiting the SAT circuitry present in the AMPS system currently in use. Consequently, the method may be implemented without modification to existing cellular phone handsets.

Abstract: A GPS reference system and corresponding method utilizing a network of reference stations and a master station. Each reference station receives GPS signals from GPS satellites it observes and computes in response a pseudo-range residual for each GPS satellite it observes. The master station is in communication with the reference stations to receive the computed pseudo-range residuals and comprises a pseudo-range residual synchronizer, an ephemeris and clock correction estimator for each GPS satellite observed by the reference stations, and a transmitter. The pseudo-range residual synchronizer is responsive to the received pseudo-range residuals in order to compute clock differences between the reference stations and remove the clock differences from the received pseudo-range residuals so as to synchronize them.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the detection and treatment of Schistosoma parasites. These compositions and methods are based on nucleic acid and amino acid sequences of Schistosoma phosphofructokinase.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and apparatus in which mold material flows through a gate into a mold cavity that defines the shape of a desired part. An adjustable valve is provided that is operable to change dynamically the effective size of the gate to control the flow of mold material through the gate. The valve is adjustable while the mold material is flowing through the gate into the mold cavity. A sensor is provided for sensing a process condition while the part is being molded. During molding, the valve is adjusted based at least in part on information from the sensor. In the preferred embodiment, the adjustable valve is controlled by a digital computer, which includes circuitry for acquiring data from the sensor, processing circuitry for computing a desired position of the valve based on the data from the sensor and a control data file containing target process conditions, and control circuitry for generating signals to control a valve driver to adjust the position of the valve.

Abstract: A discrete-time filter processes digital signals according to a specified function. It has a linear-phase response if all frequencies experience the same time delay when passing through the filter. In this invention computationally efficient digital filters with linear-phase response are constructed according to a very general and computationally efficient algorithm. The invention also specifies a method for constructing fast truncated infinite impulse response filters with polynomial-times-exponential response. The method may be used to design efficient special purpose filters for numerous dedicated applications, or it may be encoded on a chip to permit the creation in real time of many specific filters according to variable filtering parameters. Applications include fast high-resolution frequency estimation (e.g., for pitch tracking and radar) and fast digital filtering in commercial digital audio systems (e.g., for real-time mixing and equalization of signals and digital loudspeaker crossover networks).

Abstract: Optical communication apparatus for simultaneously and reconfigurably establishing optical communication channels, comprises at least one light source and a plurality of wavelength-selective detectors optically associated with each light source, the detectors arranged one behind another. The apparatus uses wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) to facilitate simultaneous and reconfigurable communication of one-to-many 2-D optical planes. This advance dramatically increases the system functionality of optical-plane interconnects. Such a system is realized by incorporating several multiple wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) into each transmitting pixel and incorporating wavelength selectivity into each subsequent detecting plane which will absorb one wavelength and be transparent to the rest; these structures can be fabricated by slightly modifying existing technology.

Abstract: Myoblasts are produced, conveniently in low or serum-free medium, for use in introduction into a mammalian host, particularly a human host, for treatment of diseases of muscle tissue or acting as carriers for genetic capabilities, particularly correcting a genetic defect or for production of a soluble protein, which may serve in a therapy for the mammalian host. Myoblasts introduced into tissue are able to migrate to sites distal from the site of injection, expanding the area of their effect.

Abstract: A flat directory organization is used to create a flat cache-only multi-processor architecture. Directory memories are uniformly distributed among all the processor nodes. Every valid memory partition has an associated physical address, which is used to determine a statically assigned home node for that partition. The home directory at the home node is the only directory that maintains state information for that partition. The home directory keeps track of which nodes have a copy of a partition and the current state of that partition. The flat directory organization does not depend on any specific interconnection. Any scalable network can be used to interconnect the processing nodes.

Abstract: Polynucleotide sequences which encode ecdysone receptors have been isolated and expressed in host cells.

Abstract: A combined atomic force and near field microscope assembly for atomic level inspection of a target object. The assembly includes a scanning probe with a sharp tip and a photosensitive region on its lower surface. A sample is disposed on a glass substrate and exposed to an evanescent wave generated on the glass substrate by total internal reflection. An optical probe comprising a microfabricated cantilever having an apex in close proximity to a photosensitive region is disposed in close proximity to a sample. The photosensitive region collects light generated by FTR at the apex of the optical probe due to local disruptions of the evanescent field caused by the probe tip. A cantilever displacement mechanism is included so as to allow for operation in a second mode as a conventional atomic force microscope.

Abstract: A long RF pulse is segmented into a plurality of RF pulses segments with nuclei spin refocusing pulses provided after each RF pulse segment to maintain phase coherence off resonance and decrease nuclei spin sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneity. The refocusing pulses are preferably 180.degree. rectangular pulses. Magnetic gradient segments associated with the RF pulse segments have supplemental gradients at the beginning and at the end of the gradient segment to ensure that the position in k-space for the segment corresponds to the k-space position of the gradient waveform before division into segments.

Abstract: An image sensor formed using a CMOS process is described herein which includes a pixel array core of phototransistors whose conductivities are related to the magnitude of light impinging upon the phototransistors. The analog signals generated by the phototransistors are converted to a serial bit stream by an A/D converter connected at the output of each phototransistor and formed in the immediate area of each phototransistor within the array core. Thus, a separate digital stream for each pixel element is output from the array core, and parasitic effects and distortion are minimized. In one embodiment, a filter circuit is connected to an output of the array core for converting the individual digital streams from each pixel element to multi-bit values corresponding to the intensity of light impinging on the phototransistor.

Abstract: A Brillouin fiber optic gyroscope has a cavity loop that includes a first length of optical fiber wound as a first number of turns in a first direction to provide a selected system response that includes the dynamic range of gyroscope rotation rate, the resolution of the gyroscope rotation rate measurement, the relative lock-in range and the relative Kerr-effect-induced beat-frequency bias. The cavity loop further includes a second length of optical fiber wound as a second number of turns in the same direction as the first number of turns and wound as a third number of turns in an opposite direction to the winding direction of the first and second number of turns. The effect of the second and third number of turns is to increase the overall length of the optical fiber in the cavity loop to reduce the pump power required to generate Brillouin laser light within the cavity loop without increasing the Sagnac effect within the cavity loop.

Abstract: Novel antibodies that recognize endothelial cell surface molecules and block leukocyte extravasation are provided. These antibodies recognize tissue-specific endothelial cell surface molecules and block lymphocyte migration from the blood into tissues such as mucosal lymphoid organs and peripheral lymph nodes. Novel endothelial cell surface proteins involved in leukocyte extravasation and having a molecular weight of approximately 58,000 to 69,000 daltons and express a tissue-specific determinant are also described. The antibodies are used in an immunotherapeutic method to treat individuals having a disease or inflammation-associated pathology in which leukocyte extravasation plays a role.

Abstract: An insertion device for extracting polarized electromagnetic energy from a beam of particles is disclosed. The insertion device includes four linear arrays of magnets which are aligned with the particle beam. The magnetic field strength to which the particles are subjected is adjusted by altering the relative alignment of the arrays in a direction parallel to that of the particle beam. Both the energy and polarization of the extracted energy may be varied by moving the relevant arrays parallel to the beam direction. The present invention requires a substantially simpler and more economical superstructure than insertion devices in which the magnetic field strength is altered by changing the gap between arrays of magnets.

Abstract: A method for modelling the electron density distribution of a macromolecule in a defined asymmetric unit of a crystal lattice having locations of uniformly diffracting electron density includes the steps of: producing an initial distribution of scattering bodies with a asymmetric unit having the same dimensions as the defined asymmetric unit; calculating scattering amplitudes of the initial distribution and determining the correlation between the calculated scattering amplitudes and the normalized amplitudes; moving at least one of the scattering bodies within the asymmetric unit to create a modified distribution; calculating scattering amplitudes and phases of the modified distribution and determining the correlation between the calculated amplitudes and producing a final distribution of scattering bodies by repeating moving and calculating steps until the correlation between the calculated scattering amplitudes and the normalized amplitudes is effectively maximized, the final distribution of scattering bodi

Abstract: An interferometer used as a rotation sensor is constructed using a strand of optical fiber, a portion of which is formed into a sensing loop. A pair of light waves are caused to counterpropagate in the sensing loop and are combined to form an optical output signal that has an intensity that varies in accordance with the difference in the phases of the two counterpropagating light waves. A phase modulator is positioned on the optical fiber in the sensing loop at a location such that the two counterpropagating light waves are modulated approximately 180 degrees out of phase. The time-varying phase modulation causes a time-varying phase difference that is combined with a rotationally-induced Sagnac effect phase to provide a total phase difference that is detected by a photodetector. The photodetector provides an electrical output signal that is processed to determine the Sagnac phase difference. The rotation rate is then calculated from the Sagnac phase difference.

Abstract: A near field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) includes a cantilever which is aligned generally parallel to the surface of a sample. An optical waveguide extends along the cantilever to a tip which protrudes downward from the cantilever. A small aperture at the apex of the tip allows light radiation flowing through the waveguide to be directed toward the sample. The cantilever is vibrated, and variations in its resonant frequency are detected and delivered to a feedback control system to maintain a constant separation between the tip and the sample. The NSOM can also be operated as an atomic force microscope in either a contact or non-contact mode.