Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus continuously feeding particulate solids to a TRC reaction chamber or zone at a controlled rate of flow, and for admixing the solids with fluid simultaneously introduced to the reaction zone. This invention utilized one or more conduits, preferably tubular, to transfer the solids from a solids reservoir chamber to the reaction chamber at a controlled rate of flow, the conduits being in open communication with both the reservoir chamber and with the reaction chamber. The conduits are in the nature of orifices, and are symmetrically located across the reactor cross section, said orifices or conduits also being specially oriented with respect to the fluid reactant inlet to promote rapid and intimate mixing of the two phases.

Abstract: In a TRC process and system, an improved process and system for regulating the rate of solids added continuously to a solids-fluid reaction system, the solids participating in the reaction as a reactant, catalyst, or inert heat supply medium.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for delivering fluidization gas to a bed of particulate solids to selectively locally fluidize the solids above a delivery conduit in communication with a reaction chamber. Also an apparatus and process for intimately mixing hydrocarbon feed with the particulate solids at the end of the delivery conduit in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A process and system for sequentially cracking hydrocarbons in a TRC system. A first hydrocarbon feed is cracked at high severity low residence times and the cracked effluent is quenched by a second hydrocarbon feed which is coincidentally cracked at low severity.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and method for rapidly separating particulate solids from a mixed phase solids-gas stream which may be at velocities up to 150 ft./sec. and at high temperature. Specifically, the device is designed for incorporation at the discharge of solid-gas reacting systems having low residence time requirements and carried out in tubular type reactors. Separation is effected by projecting solids by centrifugal force against a bed of solids as the gas phase makes a 180.degree. directional change, said solids changing direction only 90.degree. relative to the incoming stream.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the recovery of ethane and heavier hydrocarbons from a methane-rich gas utilizing an expander, a high pressure demethanizer tower with flashed and expanded vapor and liquid streams, as coolants in heat exchange relationship with the processed hydrocarbon vapors.

Abstract: Unsaturated C.sub.4 hydrocarbons are converted into normal butane by introducing an unsaturated C.sub.4 hydrocarbon stream into a hydrogenation zone to convert it into a stream of normal butane and isobutane. Normal butane is recovered from a separation zone while isobutane is directed to an isomerization zone wherein a portion of the isobutane is converted into normal butane. The stream from the isomerization zone is returned to the separation zone to recover the normal butane produced in the isomerization reaction. The normal butane produced by the process is subsequently utilized in a cracking zone to produce ethylene.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethylene wherein low-level waste heat released during ethylene production is utilized in an ammonia absorption refrigeration system to generate a refrigerant, which refrigerant is used for cooling various process streams thereby reducing the energy requirements of the process.

Abstract: A desalination process system combining electro-dialysis, reverse osmosis and brine concentration with by-product recovery.

Abstract: Impact energy absorbing pipe restraints are provided which include a laminated strap for surrounding at least a portion of the circumference of a high energy pipe to restrain the movement of the high energy pipe in at least one direction during rupture. The laminated strap is formed of a ductile material, i.e., one having the property of substantial elongation in the plastic state, to absorb the impact energy of the ruptured pipe. Advantageously, an elastic anchor means is affixed to the ends of the laminated strap to anchor the laminated strap about the high energy pipe and enable pivotal movement of the laminated strap relative to the high energy pipe to minimize any bending moment at the ends of the laminated strap, thereby minimizing any detraction in the allowable strain of the laminated strap.

Abstract: Impact energy absorbing pipe restraints are provided which include a laminated strap for surrounding at least a portion of the circumference of a high energy pipe to restrain the movement of the high energy pipe in at least one direction during rupture. The laminated strap is formed of a ductile material, i.e., one having the property of substantial elongation in the plastic state, to absorb the impact energy of the ruptured pipe. Advantageusly, an elastic anchor means is affixed to the ends of the laminated strap to anchor the laminated strap about the high energy pipe and enable pivotal movement of the laminated strap relative to the high energy pipe to minimize any bending moment at the ends of the laminated strap, thereby minimizing any detraction in the allowable strain of the laminated strap.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the generation of electrical power in which heat released by exhaust gases derived from the combustion of gaseous products in a coal gasification process is stored and utilized to generated increased electrical power during peak demand periods.

Abstract: A desalination process system combining reverse osmosis, evaporation and brine concentration with by-product recovery.

Abstract: A reinforced concrete double wall nuclear containment structure with each wall including an essentially impervious membrane or liner and porous concrete filling the annulus between the two walls. The interior of the structure is maintained at subatmospheric pressure, and the annulus between the two walls is maintained at a substmospheric pressure intermediate between that of the interior and the surrounding atmospheric pressure, during normal operation. In the event of an accident within the containment structure the interior pressure may exceed atmospheric pressure, but leakage from the interior to the annulus between the double walls will not result in the pressure of the annulus exceeding atmospheric pressure so that there is no net outleakage from the containment structure.

Abstract: Impact energy absorbing pipe restraints are provided which include a laminated strap for surrounding at least a portion of the circumference of a high energy pipe to restrain the movement of the high energy pipe in at least one direction during rupture. The laminated strap is formed of a ductile material, i.e., one having the property of substantial elongation in the plastic state, to absorb the impact energy of the ruptured pipe. Advantageously, an elastic anchor means is affixed to the ends of the laminated strap to anchor the laminated strap about the high energy pipe and enable pivotal movement of the laminated strap relative to the high energy pipe to minimize any bending moment at the ends of the laminated strap, thereby minimizing any detraction in the allowable strain of the laminated strap.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for substantially reducing carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide levels in a hydrocarbon gas with simultaneous regeneration of reagent materials are disclosed. The process consists of passing the gas through an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, reacting the effluent liquid with an acidic reagent, stripping the acidic gases therefrom and subjecting the resulting aqueous sodium sulfate solution to an electrolytic process. The apparatus used to carry out the process comprises an acidic gas absorbing unit, means for reacting the resulting effluent liquid, means for stripping the acidic gases and an electrolytic cell to convert soluble alkali metal salts into the corresponding alkali metal hydroxide and acidic reagents.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting direct quench of pyrolysis furnace effluent. A quench tube sized somewhat larger in diameter than the furnace effluent pipe is provided with an upper inverted ring and an external housing surrounding the terminus of the furnace effluent pipe, the quench tube and the inlet to the transfer pipe. The housing includes a chamber for quench oil, insulation space and purge gas space. In operation, quench oil is introduced continuously into the housing chamber and over the lip of the inverted ring to flow continuously down the sides of the quench tube inner wall.

Abstract: A reformer furnace having a convection section, means for preventing radiant heat from the burners to the convection section, a centrally disposed effluent tube suspended from the top of the furnace, a tube sheet surrounding and suspended from the centrally disposed effluent tube and reformer tubes suspended from the tube sheet which reformer tubes are in communication with the interior of the effluent tube. The related equipment disclosed include a honeycomb sandwich tube sheet, a perforated semi-spherical combustion shield and vessel wall insulation structure including a purge gas annular space.