Abstract: Rechargeable battery cells and methods for extreme fast charging are disclosed. For example, such a rechargeable battery cell might be chargeable to at least 70% of usable capacity within 15 minutes. Such a rechargeable battery cell may include an anode having at least one surface with a reversible areal capacity, after formation, up to 8.0 mAh/cm2, and a cathode having at least one surface with a reversible areal capacity, after formation, up to 6 mAh/cm2, wherein a ratio of areal capacity of the at least one surface of the anode to the at least one surface of the cathode is between 1.15 to 1.45. Methods of charging rechargeable battery cells disclosed herein under conditions sufficient to enable charging of at least 70% of usable capacity to the rechargeable battery cell within 15 minutes, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for cooling a battery unit of an electric vehicle, the method includes fluidly coupling a daytime passive radiative cooling (DPRC) based cooling unit to a battery unit cooling element that is in fluid communication with the battery unit; and cooling the battery unit cooling element by the DPRC based cooling unit.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell that includes (i) a cathode tabs electrical coupler; (ii) an anode tabs electrical coupler; and (iii) a stack that is rolled about an axis, wherein the stack includes multiple instances of: (a) a cathode sheet; (b) a cathode tab that extends from the cathode sheet at a first direction; (c) an anode sheet, (e) an anode tab that extends from the anode sheet at a second direction, the second direction differs from the first direction; and (f) one or more separator sheets. Multiple cathode tabs of the multiple instances are coupled in parallel to each other by the cathode tabs electrical coupler. Multiple anode tabs of the multiple instances are coupled in parallel to each other by the anode tabs electrical coupler.

Abstract: A multi-electrolyte battery, that may include an anode, a cathode, a solid electrolyte positioned between the anode and the cathode, current carriers that comprises an anode current carrier and a cathode current carrier; and at least one other electrolyte. The anode current carrier and the cathode current carrier comprise two external portions that extends outside the anode. The solid electrolyte is sealingly coupled to the two external portions of at least one of the current carriers to define at least one sealed electrolyte, the at least one sealed electrolyte belongs to the at least one other electrolyte.

Abstract: A lithium ion cell that includes electrodes, an organic electrolyte; and a metal-free electrolyte additive that comprises an epoxide functional group configured to convert gaseous carbon dioxide generated during use of the lithium ion cell into liquid carbonate under ambient conditions.

Abstract: A method for high-throughput charging of fast charging electrical vehicles (FCEVs), the method may include: (a) obtaining information about optimal charging patterns (CP) of a set of FCEVs that exhibit a charging rate that exceeds two C; (b) determining a set of actual CPs for charging the set of the FCEVs in an at least partially overlapping manner, wherein an actual CP of a given FCEV of the set of the FCEVs is a residual CP that (i) is determined based on a CP of another FCEV of the set of FCEVs, and (ii) significantly differs from an optimal CP of the given FCEV; wherein the CP of the other FCEV is selected out of an optimal CP of the other FCEV and an actual CP of the other FCEV; and (c) executing at least a part of the charging, by a charging system, of the set of the FCEVs in the at least partially overlapping manner.

Abstract: Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinyl carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes—including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.

Abstract: Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinyl carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes—including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.

Abstract: Core-shell particles, composite anode material, anodes made therefrom, lithium ion cells and methods are provided, which enable production of fast charging lithium ion batteries. The composite anode material has core-shell particles which are configured to receive and release lithium ions at their cores and to have shells that are configured to allow for core expansion upon lithiation. The cores of the core-shell particles are connected to the respective shells by conductive material such as carbon fibers, which may form a network throughout the anode material and possibly interconnect cores of many core-shell particles to enhance the electrical conductivity of the anode. Ionic conductive material and possibly mechanical elements may be incorporated in the core-shell particles to enhance ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness toward expansion and contraction of the cores during lithiation and de-lithiation.

Abstract: Fast-charging lithium ion cells are provided, which have electrolytes that do not react with the cell anodes, but instead form a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the cathodes. Advantageously, such electrolytes improve the performance of the fast-charging cells, and enhance their lifetime and safety. Various electrolyte solutions and lithium ions are proposed to limit electrolyte interactions to the cathodes, or possibly even minimize or prevent these reactions by coating the cathodes. Redox couples may be used to prevent SEI formation on the anode, while promoting SEI formation on the cathode.

Abstract: Anodes for lithium-ion batteries and methods for their production are provided. Anodes comprise an initial anode made of consolidated anode material particles, and a coating of the initial anode, that comprises a layer of an ionic-conductive polymer which provides an artificial SEI (solid-electrolyte interphase) to facilitate lithium ion transfer through the coating while preventing direct fluid communication with the anode material particles and electrolyte contact thereto. The coating may be configured to keep the anode resistance low while preventing electrolyte decomposition thereupon, enhancing cell stability and cycling lifetime.

Abstract: A structural battery that consists essentially of (a) a frame that consists essentially of frame conductive elements, frame insolating elements and one or more fluid conductive paths; (b) one or more inner space pairs, each inner space pair (i) consists essentially of a first inner space and a second inner space, (ii) is associated with a fluid conductive path of the one or more fluid conductive paths, (iii) and has the first inner space located at one side of the fluid conductive path and has the second inner space located at another side of the fluid conductive path; (c) one or more cell cores pairs, each cell cores pair (i) consists essentially of a first cell core and a second cell core, (ii) is associated with the fluid conductive path of the one or more fluid conductive paths, and (iii) has the first cell core located within a first inner space associated with the fluid conductive path and has the second cell core located within a second inner space associated with the fluid conductive path.

Abstract: Methods, anode material particles, mixtures, anodes and lithium-ion batteries are provided, having passivated silicon-based particles that enable processing in oxidizing environments such as water-based slurries. Methods comprise forming a mixture of silicon particles with nanoparticles (NPs) and a carbon-based binders and/or surfactants, wherein the NPs comprise at least one of: metalloid oxide NPs, metalloid salt NPs and carbon NPs, reducing the mixture to yield a reduced mixture comprising coated silicon particles with a coating providing a passivation layer (possibly amorphous), and consolidating the reduced mixture to form an anode. It is suggested that the NPs provide nucleation sites for the passivation layer on the surface of the silicon particles—enabling significant anode-formation process simplifications such as using water-based slurries—enabled by disclosed methods and anode active material particles.

Abstract: Prelithiation methods and fast charging lithium ion cell are provided, which combine high energy density and high power density. Several structural and chemical modifications are disclosed to enable combination of features that achieve both goals simultaneously in fast charging cells having long cycling lifetime. The cells have anodes with high content of Si, Ge and/or Sn as principal anode material, and cathodes providing a relatively low C/A ratio, with the anodes being prelithiated to have a high lithium content, provided by a prelithiation algorithm. Disclosed algorithms determine lithium content achieved through prelithiation by optimizing the electrolyte to increase cycling lifetime, adjusting energy density with respect to other cell parameters, and possibly reducing the C/A ratio to maintain the required cycling lifetime.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided, in which the level of metal ions in cells stacks and lithium ion batteries is regulated in situ, with the electrodes of the cell stack(s) in the respective pouches. Regulation of metal ions may be carried out electrochemically by metal ion sources in the pouches, electrically connected to the electrodes. The position and shape of the metal ion sources may be optimized to create uniform metal ion movements to the electrode surfaces and favorable SEI formation. The metal ion sources may be removable, or comprise a lithium source for lithiating the anodes or cathodes during operation of the battery according to SoH parameters. Regulation of metal ions may be carried out from metal ion sources in separate electrolyte reservoir(s), with circulation of the metal-ion-containing electrolyte through the cell stacks in the pouches prior or during the formation.

Abstract: An electrochemical electrode that includes electrode active material, and a current conductor that includes a coated portion that is coated with the electrode active material, a heat transfer portion and a current pad. The heat transfer portion and the current pad are external to the electrode active material. The current pad differs from the heat transfer portion.

Abstract: Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinyl carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes - including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.

Abstract: An ion-lithium battery that may include an anode, a cathode, and at least one out of an anode related self-healing combination and a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) self-healing combination; wherein the SEI related self-healing combination comprises a SEI self-healing additive, a SEI forming moiety and a first linker for linking the SEI self-healing additive to the SEI forming moiety; and wherein the anode related self-healing combination comprises an anode self-healing additive, an anode connection functional group, and a second linker for linking the anode self-healing additive to the anode connection functional group.

Abstract: Electrolytes, anodes, lithium ion cells and methods are provided for preventing lithium metallization in lithium ion batteries to enhance their safety. Electrolytes comprise up to 20% ionic liquid additives which form a mobile solid electrolyte interface during charging of the cell and prevent lithium metallization and electrolyte decomposition on the anode while maintaining the lithium ion mobility at a level which enables fast charging of the batteries. Anodes are typically metalloid-based, for example include silicon, germanium, tin and/or aluminum. A surface layer on the anode bonds, at least some of the ionic liquid additive to form an immobilized layer that provides further protection at the interface between the anode and the electrolyte, prevents metallization of lithium on the former and decomposition of the latter.

Abstract: Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinyl carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.