Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a high yield of sugar alcohols containing five to six carbon atoms from cellulose-containing materials. In a first step the starting materials (for example microcrystalline cellulose, alpha-cellulose, wood and cellulose-containing residues, such as sugar cane bagasse or wood shavings) and an acid are brought into close contact with the substrates by a impregnation carried out in the liquid or gaseous phase. In addition, in a second step the starting materials impregnated with acid and preferably dried are brought into contact by the action of mechanical energy, such that the cellulose-containing materials are degraded into water-soluble products. Subsequently, in a third step, sugar alcohols having five to six carbon atoms are obtained in a high yield and in high selectivity from the water-soluble products in aqueous solution by hydrolytic hydrogenation by means of a metal-containing catalyst under hydrogen pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing substituted indole derivatives. More particularly, the invention refers to a new method to synthesize indole-derivatives by oxidative C—H-functionalization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for decarboxylating C—C bond formation by reacting carboxylic salts with carbon electrophiles in the presence of transition metal compounds as catalysts. The method represents a decarboxylating C—C bond formation of carboxylic acid salts with carbon electrophiles, wherein the catalyst contains two transition metals and/or transition metal compounds, from which one is present, preferably, in the oxidation step, which are different from each other by one unit, and catalyzes a radical decarboxylation which is absorbed during the second oxidation steps, which are different from each other by two units and catalyzes the two electron processes of a C—C bond formation reaction.

Abstract: Chiral disulfonimides having the formula I to III, wherein at least one of the groups A and B in the compound of formula I, C and D of the compound in formula II, and E and F of the compound in formula III is a chiral group, or E and F together form a chiral backbone, X is C, Si, O, N or S, and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, where n is >1 only if X is C, and G is as defined herein, and to the organic salts, metal salts and metal complexes thereof, are suited as NMR shift reagents and as reagents for racemate splitting, and also as chiral Brønsted acid catalysts or chiral Lewis acid catalysts for activating ketones, aldehydes and alkenes, and also as catalysts in the organic synthesis.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing aromatic and heteroaromatic amines of the general formula (I) Ar—NR1R2, in which an aromatic compound with the general formula (II) Ar—X is reacted in the presence of a catalyst with an amine of the general formula (III) H—NR1R2 and a base, wherein the catalyst is selected from transition metal complexes having one or more ligands with the general formula (IV).

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the preparation of solid-supported heterogeneous organic catalyst covalently bound to textile materials, preferably via photochemical immobilization. More specifically, the present invention relates to the organocatalysis and recognition process by using the textile-supported chiral molecules.

Abstract: Organometallic compounds of the general formula (I), in which M=Mo, W, are claimed.

Abstract: The present invention refers to highly sinter-stable metal nanoparticles supported on mesoporous graphitic spheres, the so obtained metal-loaded mesoporous graphitic particles, processes for their preparation and the use thereof as catalysts, in particular for high temperature reactions in reducing atmosphere and cathode side oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in PEM fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of mesoporous graphitic particles having a loading of sintering-stable metal nanoparticles for fuel cells and further electrochemical applications, for example as constituent of layers in electrodes of fuel cells and batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the asymmetric oxidation of nucleophilic organic compounds, particularly metal-free, with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral Brønsted acid catalyst. In one detail, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselective sulfoxidation of thiocompounds with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral imidodiphosphate catalyst. In another detail, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselective sulfoxidation of thiocompounds with peroxide compounds in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of monosaccharides and/or disaccharides in which monosaccharides or disaccharides are subjected to a mechanical treatment in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic acid. During said process, a catalytic conversion of the monosaccharides or disaccharides takes place.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral imidodiphosphates and derivatives thereof having the general formula I, The compounds are suitable as chiral Brønsted acid catalysts, phase-transfer catalysts, chiral anions for organic salts, metal salts or metal complexes for catalysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to metal complexes of general formula (I) and to a method for the production thereof, in which M, R1, R2, R3, X and Y in addition to Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg, Rh can have the meanings defined in the claims. Said metal complexes form air-stable compounds and are suitable as pre-catalysts in the olefin metathesis.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of 3,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives is claimed wherein a biguanid is reacted with acetaldehyde in the presence of an inorganic and/or organic base. The process can be carried out at mild and therefore economical reaction conditions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carbon protected superparamagnetic or magnetic nanospheres is claimed which comprises the steps: (A) coating FexOy particles with an organic polymer, (B) coating the product obtained in step (A) with silica, (C) subjecting the product of step (B) to pyrolysis conditions, and (D) removing silica. According to present process, structurally stable carbon protected magnetic nanospheres were obtained, which can be dispersed in various solvents like water, EtOH, toluene, etc.

Abstract: A process is claimed for the enantioselective epoxidation of ?,?-unsaturated ketones, in which a compound of the general formula I, is reacted with an oxidizing agent to form ?,?-epoxy ketones of the general formula II, in which R1, R2, R3 are as defined above. The ?,?-epoxy ketones of the general formula II can be obtained in good yields and outstanding enantioselectivities from ?,?-unsaturated ketones of the general formula I by epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a chiral catalyst, such as amino compounds and their acid addition salts.

Abstract: Organometallic compounds of the general formula (I), in which M=Mo, W, are claimed.

Abstract: The invention relates to Iejimalides having the following formula (I) in which a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p are simple or double bonds, the continuous lines representing at least one simple bond, the dotted lines representing a possible bond. A double bond can be present but it is not necessary, and provided that a continuous line is also present, or a simple bond can be present if no other line is represented; m=0-20 and n1-n18=1, 2. The bonds can be used as chemotherapeutic agents for treating cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for substance mixtures, particularly complex chemical and/or biochemical substance mixtures. According to said method, a substance mixture that is to be analyzed is fed to a separating device, the substances of the substance mixture that is to be analyzed are separated from each other in the separating device by means of a chemically and/or physically induced conveying process, and the separated substances are detected in an evaluation unit. The invention further relates to methods and devices for producing pulsed substance mixtures, particularly complex chemical and/or biochemical substance mixtures. In order to improve the analysis of substance mixtures especially regarding the duration of the analysis, the throughput, and the resolution, the substance mixture that is to be analyzed is fed to the separating device in pulses having an unique binary sequence.

Abstract: In order to be able to handle very large numbers of tracks in a similarity determination in order to identify tracks similar to a predetermined track, a filtering method is used in order to identify a number of closest neighbor candidates between which the correct nearest neighbors are determined. Thus, the computationally heavy similarity determination is performed only on a subset of the tracks. This filtering step may be a fastmap determination of the tracks where the pivot points are determined not as the extreme points along the to individual dimension but at the median thereof in order to avoid extremely high divergence values. This helps preserving the neighborhoods. Also, the mapping is performed on the basis of a square-rooted Symmetric Kullback-Leibler (SKL) divergence which is more metric than the SKL and thus provides a better mapping.