Abstract: An apparatus, for controlling the pressure of braking-fluid, provided in a circuit for controlling the pressure thereof comprising: a solenoid valve, having a pressure receiving portion fluid-tightly inserted into a housing and an electromagnetic coil, for controlling the pressure of the braking fluid by opening and closing a valve ball communicating with the pressure receiving portion; and holding portion for holding the solenoid valve on the housing against fluid pressure acting on the pressure receiving portion. In this construction, the holding portion is made of a magnetic material and constitutes a part of the electromagnetic path of the solenoid valve.

Abstract: For manufacturing a superconducting device having a tunnel junction formed of an extremely thin insulator layer sandwiched between a pair of oxide superconductor thin films, a first superconducting layer of oxide superconductor thin film is formed on a substrate, and a MgO thin film is deposited on the first superconducting layer at a substrate temperature of not higher than 200.degree. C. The MgO thin film is heat-treated so that crystallinity of the deposited MgO thin film is improved, and thereafter, a second superconducting layer of oxide superconductor thin film is formed on the MgO thin film.

Abstract: An orientational material including: diamond, and a ZnO film disposed on a surface of (111) orientational diamond provided by the diamond. Such an orientational material may suitably be used as a component for fabricating a surface acoustic wave device utilizing diamond.

Abstract: A SAW device which includes at least, diamond, an LiNbO.sub.3 layer disposed on the diamond, and an IDT provided so as to contact the LiNbO.sub.3 layer; and utilizes SAW of an "n-th" mode (n=0, 1 or 2) having a wavelength of .lambda..sub.n (.mu.m), wherein a parameter of kh.sub.1 =2.pi.(t.sub.1 /.lambda..sub.n) is in a specific range provided that the thickness of the LiNbO.sub.3 layer is denoted by t.sub.1 (.mu.m).

Abstract: A grind-machining method of ceramic materials characterized in that a peripheral speed of a grinding wheel relative to a working surface is set to 50 to 300 m/sec, a feed stroke speed of the working surface of the grinding wheel in a working direction is set to 50 to 200 m/min, and preferably, a down-feed speed of the working surface of the grinding wheel in a direction orthogonal to the surface of the workpiece is set to 0.05 to 3 mm/min. The grind-machining method of ceramic materials can reduce a grinding force at the time of grinding of ceramic materials and residual defects due to machining, and at the same time, can accomplish high machining efficiency.

Abstract: This invention relates to a substrate for semiconductor apparatus loading a semiconductor chip in an integrated circuit apparatus and is characterized in that a sintered compact containing copper of 2 to 30 wt. % in tungsten and/or molybdenum is used as the substrate having the heat radiation capable of efficiently radiating heat developed from the loaded semiconductor chip and thermal expansion coefficient similar to those of semiconductor chip and other enclosure material except for the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to coating composition, coated articles of manufacture, and to the formation of the coated articles. The coating is an energy-beam set resin containing fluid containing heat-expandable, fluid-encapsulating hollow spheres in the resin. The coating of a substrate, such as a communication line material, is accomplished by coating the material with a resin mixture containing expandable spheres and then exposing the coated material to an energy-beam source for a period of time to cure the resin and expand the spheres. The coating is applied to at least one filament of a communication line material. Such filaments can be gathered into bundles which are first extrusion coated with a thermoplastic polymer before being coated with the resin mixture. The composition of the resin material can be varied by changing the volume percent of the hollow spheres present in the resin mixture.

Abstract: A process for producing a heat-treated sintered iron alloy part, the process comprising: austenizing an iron-based sinter having a martensitic transformation initiation point (Ms point) of from 50.degree. to 350.degree. C., at a temperature not lower than the austenizing temperature (Ae1 point) of the sinter; quenching the austenized sinter at a cooling rate at which martensitic transformation occurs; and sizing or coining the quenched sinter at the time when the temperature of the sinter which is being quenched has reached the temperature range of from the Ms point to the Ae1 point.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting wheel speed in a motor vehicle. The apparatus includes first, second, and third sensors for outputting pulse signals in response to rotations of rotary shafts of front left and right wheels and a drive shaft, respectively, and a rotational angular velocity calculating member for calculating first, second, and third rotational angular velocities of the first and second rotary shafts and the drive shaft from the pulse signals, respectively.

Abstract: An insulated electric wire for high-voltage direct current comprising a conductor having thereon an insulation layer including a polyethylene resin composition, and a sheath layer provided on the-outer periphery of the insulation layer. The sheath layer includes a flame retardant resin composition including a polyvinylchloride grafted polyolefin resin. The flame retardant resin composition contains either (i) a lead compound stabilizer and a hydrotalcite or (ii) a lead compound stabilizer and a phosphorous ester compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to micro-driving members for performing alignment of optical fibers and the like. Backlash is eliminated by forming constituent elements as integral components, thereby improving driving precision. Each micro-driving member includes a base portion in which an insertion hole for an urging means is formed, a support portion integral with the base portion and opposing the insertion hole, an urged portion urged by the urging means, and a table portion for supporting a driving target. The table portion has one side connected to a first horizontal flexible portion extending from the support portion, and the other side which is open.

Abstract: A card-shaped optical data link device is utilized for transmitting and receiving data in optical communications using an existing card slot of a computer, electronic devices etc. The card-shaped optical data link device of the present invention comprises an electric connector, electric signal processor electrically connected to the electric connector, an optical transmission module, an optical reception module electrically connected to the electric signal processor, an optical connector for supporting the optical transmission module and the optical reception module, a frame for supporting the electric connector and the optical connector at a position opposing to the electric connector, and a pair of panels for sandwiching the frame and constituting an envelope with the frame. The electric connector, the electric signal processor, the optical transmission module, the optical reception module and the optical connector are located within the envelope.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method or forming a step on a deposition surface of a substrate for depositing it thin film on it. The method comprises steps of etching a portion of the deposition surface of the substrate and conducting heat treatment of the substrate so as to recover crystallinity of the etched surface. The method can comprise steps of etching a portion of the deposition surface of the substrate and further etching the etched portion of the deposition surface of the substrate slightly so as to remove a degraded surface.

Abstract: A synthetic single crystal diamond for wire drawing die; the process of manufacturing it and a wire drawing die to utilize it are disclosed. At least one plane of the diamond for wire drawing die is a cleavage plane of (111) faces, and the drawing hole of wire drawing die lies vertical to the cleavage plane. The diamond for the wire drawing die is produced by providing a synthetic single crystal having 20-400 ppm nitrogen of Ib type diamond. A groove is made on the diamond surface parallel to (111) faces employing energy beams such as a laser beam, an ion beam and an electron beam. A wedge is struck into the groove to cleave the diamond, and a plate is obtained. Furthermore, the plate is divided into polyhedrons, employing either an energy beam or a blade. The cleavage plane of the polyhedron is almost parallel to the (111) faces of crystal, therefore the cleavage plane is used as the standard plane to build the drawing hole.

Abstract: An improved electrode for an alkaline storage battery can suppress the reduction of the battery capacity when the battery is used in a high-temperature environment. The electrode is formed by charging or filling a collector, which consists of a porous body of a nickel-boron alloy containing 0.001 to 3 percent by weight of boron, with an active material. The porous body of the nickel-boron alloy can be formed by depositing nickel on a surface of a substrate consisting of a porous polymer by electroless plating with a boron compound serving as a reductant.

Abstract: A single mode optical fiber of the present invention includes an inner core portion having a diameter of 2a and a refractive index n.sub.1, an outer core portion having a diameter of 2b and a refractive index n.sub.2 which is smaller than the refractive index n.sub.1 of the inner core portion, the outer core being disposed around the inner core, a clad portion disposed around the outer core portion having a refractive index n.sub.0. The single mode optical fiber satisfies relations of: 0.70%.ltoreq..DELTA.n.sub.1 .ltoreq.1.2%, 0.12.ltoreq..DELTA.n.sub.2 /.DELTA.n.sub.1 .ltoreq.0.16, and 0.15.ltoreq.2a/2b.ltoreq.0.25; 0.70%.ltoreq..DELTA.n.sub.1 .ltoreq.0.85%, 0.06.ltoreq..DELTA.n.sub.2 /.DELTA.n.sub.1 .ltoreq.0.12, and 0.20.ltoreq.2a/2b.ltoreq.0.28; or .DELTA.n.sub.1 .ltoreq.0.7%, 0.06.ltoreq..DELTA.n.sub.2 /.DELTA.n.sub.1 .ltoreq.0.16, and 0.15.ltoreq.2a/2b.ltoreq.0.3; where .DELTA.n.sub.1 =(n.sub.1.sup.2 -n.sub.0.sup.2)/n.sub.1.sup.2, and .DELTA.n.sub.2 =(n.sub.2.sup.2 -n.sub.0.sup.2)/n.sub.2.sup.2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diamond vibration plate for a speaker having high sound velocity or E/.rho. and which is superior in high-pitched tone performance. Conventional diamond vibration plates which are made overall from crystalline diamond were apt to split or break at a flange due to the high rigidity. According to the present invention periphery of the flange is circularly cut by laser beams to eliminate rugged circumference. The laser treatment also converts the crystalline diamond of the flange into non-diamond carbon. The resulting vibration plate with a central spherical part of crystalline diamond and a periphery of a flange of non-diamond carbon excels both in high frequency property and mechanical strength.

Abstract: A MBE film deposition apparatus comprises a vacuum chamber provided with a partition wall for dividing the vacuum chamber into a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber, which are independently provided with a main evacuating apparatus and a auxiliary evacuating apparatus, respectively. The partition wall including an opening for introducing a vacuum impedance for molecular flows between the tint sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber so that a pressure difference can be created between the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber when the opening is open. A gate valve is provided on the partition wall for hermetically closing the opening of the partition wall so as to shut off the molecular flows between the first sub-chamber and the second sub-chamber. At least one evaporation source is provided in the first sub-chamber, and a substrate holder is located within the second sub-chamber.

Abstract: A process for forming film structure using Flame Hydrolysis Deposition (FHD) in which (1) glass soot is deposited on a substrate via FHD to form a first porous vitreous layer having a first bulk density, (2) a second porous vitreous layer having a second bulk density that is larger than the first bulk density is formed from a portion of the first porous vitreous layer, and (3) a third porous vitreous layer having a third bulk density is formed by depositing glass soot containing a refractive index increasing dopant on the second porous vitreous layer by FHD. The first, second and third porous vitreous layers are then heated to form an undercladding layer and a core layer, the undercladding layer being formed from the first and second porous vitreous layers and the core layer being formed from the third porous vitreous layer.

Abstract: In a process that can readily modify a surface of a fluororesin product in a short time, the surface of the fluororesin product is irradiated with synchrotron radiation having a wavelength of not more than 100 nm. The synchrotron radiation preferably has a peak of radiant intensity in the wavelength region of about 3 nm to about 6 nm. Such irradiation with the synchrotron radiation is carried out under an atmosphere containing oxygen, a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, or a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, whereby hydrophilic groups can be introduced into the surface. The fluororesin product of which the surface is modified is improved in wettability with respect to a paint, and adhesiveness to another material.