Abstract: Novel compounds having the formula: ##STR1## or mixtures thereof, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are C.sub.1-20 hydrocarbyl groups which may be the same or different, or one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be hydrogen, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are methyl or hydrogen, and may be the same or different, can be prepared by the reaction of an alkyl ester, preferably the methyl ester, of polymethylmuconic acid with (C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O).sub.2 PSSH, the reaction product of ethanol and phosphorus pentasulfide.

Abstract: A friction or tractive drive comprises at least two relatively rotatable members in torque transmitting relationship, the tractive surfaces of the members having disposed thereon a tractant selected from the following groups (A) or (B):A. a tractant comprising a hydrocarbon dimer of an alkyladamantane and/or alkyladamantanol of the C.sub.12 -C.sub.19 range containing 1-3 alkyl groups of the C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 range, the dimer containing two adamantane nuclei which are linked to each other through an alkylene radical derived from and having the same number of carbon atoms as an alkyl group of the starting material; andB. an ether analogous to a hydrocarbon dimer from group (A) but in which there are two linkages between nuclei, one being an oxymethylene or oxyethylene radical, the other being a methylene or ethylene radical.

Abstract: Novel, highly fluorinated hydrocarbons derived from the fluorination of alkyladamantanes, may be produced by known means, as for example by the process comprising contacting an alkyladamantane hydrocarbon, in vapor phase, with a fluoride of a transition metal (e.g., CoF.sub.3, MnF.sub.3, AgF.sub.2) at 200.degree.-400.degree. C. The preferred adamantane hydrocarbons contain in the range of 11-30 (more preferred 12 to 14) carbon atoms and contain methyl and/or ethyl groups.

Abstract: Ionic hydrogenolysis of Binor-S, a C.sub.14 heptacyclic saturated hydrocarbon, yields a low melting point product containing predominantly hexacyclics and lesser amounts of pentacyclics. Hydrogenolysis occurs at about 50.degree.-200.degree. C and at about 100-10,000 p.s.i.g. in the presence of a palladium-on-carbon catalyst, palladium-on-alumina or Raney nickel and is promoted by a hydrogen halide or its equivalent. Resulting product has utility as a high energy fuel.

Abstract: A process for making an aromatic carboxylic acid of high purity by feeding an essentially equilibrium hydrolysis mixture of an aromatic nitrile to a reactive distillation column operated at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 325.degree. C. at autogenous pressure where the equilibrium mixture is subjected simultaneously to further hydrolysis and distillation of ammonia, removing water vapor and ammonia from the top of the column, subjecting remaining equilibrium hydrolysis mixture to further hydrolysis and distillation in a reboiler, returning vapor from the reboiler to the distillation column, removing an aqueous solution of product acid from the reboiler, cooling said separated solution, separating acid product, and in order to improve product purity, returning the aqueous filtrate from said separated acid product to a lower portion of said column.

Abstract: Synthetic paper pulp is prepared by extruding a foam sheet of a synthetic thermoplastic fiber forming resin, which resin contains from 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % and preferably from 1 to 2 wt. % of a soap such as aluminum stearate, attenuating the foam sheet as it is extruded and applying either heat or a shearing action to the attenuated sheet to cause it to break down into short fibers containing numerous fibrils. This pulp is then either used directly or blended with natural pulp, wet laid to form a coarse paper and then formed into a final paper product by application of heat and pressure. The soap serves to improve the wettability of the resulting fibers.

Abstract: Acylic or cyclic epoxyalcohols can be prepared by direct oxidation of an olefin when there is employed a ion-exchanged bimetallic catalyst, wherein one metal is from Groups IB or VIII, and the other from Group V or VI.

Abstract: An ammoxidation process for the preparation of nitriles by reaction of m- or p-xylene with ammonia and oxygen using as catalyst an .alpha.-alumina supported vanadiumalkali metal bronze promoted with niobium, whereby a high proportion of dinitrile product is obtained. The invention also embodies the niobium promoted catalyst.

Abstract: Selective adsorption of one cyclic compound from a fluid mixture with a structurally similar cyclic compound can be obtained with molecular sieves (crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites) which have been partially dehydrated at a temperature in the range of 80.degree.-300.degree.C. Preferably the Al/Si ratio in the zeolite framework is in the range of 0.2-0.65. For example, m-xylene can be separated from p-xylene by selective adsorption of the m-xylene on NaY zeolite which was partially dehydrated at 125.degree. C. and contains about 12 wt % water by ignition analysis.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aluminum trialkyl sulfonates which are useful as intermediates to alkyl sulfonate surfactants which comprises reacting a long chain trialkyl aluminum at a temperature between about 100.degree. C. and about 250.degree. C. with a sultone of structure ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or lower alkyl and m is an integer from 1 to 2.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,3 or 1,4-bis (aminomethyl)cyclohexane by hydrogenating a solvent solution of iso- or terephthalonitrile at a temperature between about 50.degree. and about 150.degree. C., at a pressure of between about 500 and about 1500 psig., and in the presence of a supported rhodium catalyst.

Abstract: 4,9-Cis-1-cyclohexyl-1,3,3-trimethylhydrindane is a new compound and is a fluid with improved tractive properties.

Abstract: A process and system for separating a preferentially crystallizable component A from a feed, wherein a series of zones are used between which mother liquor can flow without passage of crystallized material. Liquid feed is introduced to a zone other than the end zone from which effluent rich in component A is withdrawn. During one stage gradating crystallization temperature pattern is established throughout the series ranging from relatively low to relatively high, causing component A to crystallize in each zone; and mother liquor is caused to flow toward the low temperature end, while a portion of previously withdrawn effluent rich in component A is returned to the higher temperature end and effluent lean in component A is removed from the lower temperature end.

Abstract: An organo-tin compound, useful as an antiwear additive to fuels or lubricants, is obtained by polymerization of isobutylene in the presence of stannic chloride in a solvent.CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONSThis is a division, of application Ser. No. 381,634 filed July 23, 1973.This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 135,295 filed Apr. 19, 1971, Ser. No. 144,165 filed May 17, 1971 (now U.S. Pat. No. 3,715,313 issued Feb. 6, 1973), and Ser. No. 152,303 filed June 11, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No 3,793,203, the entire disclosure of said applications being incorporated herein by reference.Also incorporated herein by reference is the entire disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 3,411,369 issued Nov. 19, 1968, U.S. Pat. No. 3,440,894 issued Apr. 29, 1969, U.S. Pat. No. 3,597,358 issued Aug. 3, 1971, U.S. Pat. No. 3,595,796 issued July 27, 1971, U.S. Pat. No. 3,595,797 issued July 27, 1971, U.S. Pat. No. 3,598,740 issued Aug. 10, 1971, U.S. Pat. No. 3,608,385 issued Sept. 28, 1971 and U.S. Pat. No.

Abstract: A novel solid polyamide polymer is prepared by the condensation of an alkyladamantane diamine of the structure: ##SPC1##Wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical having 1-10 carbon atoms and a cyclic hydrocarbon diacid having the following structure, HCOORCOOH wherein R is an arylene or alkyl substituted arylene, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon or an alkyl substituted alicyclic hydrocarbon. The solid polymer is useful in forming films, transparent molded articles, and other similar thermoplastic products.

Abstract: A 4-stage process for the production of catechol, starting with a mixture of cyclohexanol-cyclohexanone ("KA-oil"), is provided herein whereby the starting mixture is first hydrotreated to convert the cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol, the cyclohexanol dehydrated to form cyclohexene which, in turn, is oxidized to 1,2-epoxy-3-hydroxy-cyclohexane. Dehydrogenation of this latter compound yields catechol. Volatiles and residue from the second stage are advantageously recycled to the KA-oil feed stream, and H.sub.2 from the last stage recycled to the hydrotreating step.

Abstract: In an ammoxidation system where hydrocarbon, oxygen and ammonia are reacted at a temperature of from about 375.degree.C. to about 450.degree.C. in the presence of a vanadium bronze catalyst, the improvement of regenerating heat damaged catalyst by cooling the catalyst to below about 400.degree.C. and then reheating it to a temperature of from about 510.degree.C. to about 530.degree.C. in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-substituted alkylcarboxamides from a nitrile which comprises subjecting said nitrile to an aqueous non-catalytic hydrolysis to obtain an essentially equilibrium mixture consisting essentially of carboxamide and ammonium carboxylate salt, cooling said equilibrium mixture and isolating a crystalline mixture of carboxamide and ammonium carboxylate, reacting an alkylamine with the isolated mixture, filtering the reaction mass to separate insoluble carboxamide, and contacting the filtrate with a dehydration catalyst to obtain said N-substituted alkylcarboxamide in high yield.

Abstract: C.sub.8 -C.sub.30 alkanes having a chain length of at least 6 carbon atoms and two unbranched C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl substituents on different carbon atoms separated from each other by 1-3 carbon atoms are dichlorinated, dibrominated or difluorinated by reaction with a C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 tertiary alkyl chloride, bromide or fluoride. The reaction is effected by contacting a mixture of the reactants, containing a large molar excess (>2:1) of the tertiary alkyl halide, with 90-100% sulfuric acid or 90-100% hydrofluoric acid at a temperature below 50.degree.C., preferably 0.degree.-30.degree.C. The dihalide product has a halogen and alkyl substituent at each of two chain carbons which are separated from each other by two other carbon atoms. These dihalides have utility as intermediates for preparing difunctional derivatives, e.g. diacids, dialcohols or diamides, which are useful as monomers in polymer manufacture.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing hydrogen by reducing tin oxide in a reducing zone at about 1000.degree. to about 1200.degree.C. with a reducing gas to form molten tin, feeding the molten tin as a spray into an oxidizer zone containing steam maintained at about 400.degree. to about 650.degree.C. and at about 1000 to about 2500 psig, whereby the reaction of the tin with the steam forms hydrogen and tin oxide, separating hydrogen product under pressure and recycling the tin oxide to the reducing zone.