Abstract: A useful additive for gasoline is a mixture of a methyl-substituted phenol and an ether containing a branched alkyl group and boiling below 460.degree.F. Preferably, the phenol and ether are present in amounts and in relative proportions sufficient to provide a synergistic increase in the research octane number of a gasoline. A preferred composition contains one part by volume of para-cresol to from 0.1 to 10 parts of methyl methoxy propane. The composition can also contain an aliphatic alcohol, an octane boosting cerium compound and conventional gasoline additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel liquid tertiary diamides having the following structural formula: ##EQU1## wherein n = 0 - 10 R = --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CH.sub.3 wherein m = 4 - 12One such diamide is N,N'-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexamethylene-N,N'-dimethylpelargonamide. The diamides have utility as heat transfer fluids and plasticizers.

Abstract: Alkyl halide exchange may be catalyzed under mild conditions in homogeneous solution by ligand stabilized, low valent, coordinatively unsaturated d.sup.6 or d.sup.8 Group VIII metal complexes of the formulaM.sup.n X.sub.n L.sub.xwherein M is a metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table; X is chloride, bromide or iodide; n is 1 or 2; L is a neutral ligand such as CO; trialkyl or triaryl- phosphines, arsines, amines, or stibines and the like; x is an integer from 2-4 and L.sub.x represents x neutral ligands which may be the same or different.In this manner the halide group of one alkyl halide may be replaced by the halogen of another alkyl halide by a process of alkyl halide exchange.

Abstract: An improvement to a liquid propellant gun system wherein a hydrocarbon used n conjunction with nitric acid is predominantly the exo form of tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene and/or its methyl or dimethyl or ethyl derivatives or a mixture thereof. Other suitable hydrocarbons are as follows: a mixture of trans-syn-2-methyldecalin and trans-anti-1-methyldecalin, trans-perhydroacenaphthene and perhydrofluorene.

Abstract: Non-woven fabrics are produced from oriented foam fibrillated webs contaning 50 to 98 wt. % polypropylene and 2 to 50 wt. % polystyrene. The webs are assembled in a plurality of layers and then bonded by heat and pressure either with or without the presence of an adhesive. In a preferred aspect films especially of polyethylene or ethylenevinyl acetate copolymers are used as the bonding agent.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising SB-Ni-Mo has been found to be very selective, stable and long-lasting in the conversion of butane to maleic anhydride. Other metals such as Co, Cu, or Zn may be substituted for Ni with like results. An improved method for preparing this catalyst is also provided herein.

Abstract: Non-woven fabrics are produced from oriented foam fibrillated webs containing 75 to 98 wt. % polypropylene and 2 to 25 wt. % polyethylene. The webs are assembled in a plurality of layers and then bonded by heat and pressure either with or without the presence of an adhesive.

Abstract: A process for removing iron contamination of aromatic carboxylic acids by oxidizing an aqueous solution of the ammonium salt of the acid to form insoluble iron compounds, separating the insoluble compounds, and converting the acid salt to free acid.

Abstract: The activity of olefin isomerization catalysts such as RuCl.sub.2 (Ph.sub.3 P).sub.3 may be substantially enhanced in the presence of compounds which are readily decarbonylated by RuCl.sub.2 (Ph.sub. 3 P).sub.3 to form carbonyl derivatives of said catalysts.

Abstract: Formamides of formula R--NHCHO where R is a lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl can be converted to isocyanates of the formula R--N=C=O when contacted with certain ruthenium, palladium, or platinum dehydrogenation catalysts.

Abstract: An ammoxidation process for preparing nitriles from m- and p-xylene whereby the formation of carbon oxides is held to a minimum which comprises reacting the xylene and ammonia at a temperature of from about 375.degree.C. to about 500.degree.C. and in the presence of added oxygen, the molar ratio of ammonia to xylene being about 3:1 or less, the molar ratio of oxygen to xylene being about 3:1 or less, the volume percent concentration of the feed being preferably about 3% to 10% hydrocarbon, 7% to 20% ammonia, and 10% to 20% oxygen, and the catalyst for said reaction comprising at least about 1 to 10% by weight of a vanadium bronze supported on .alpha.-alumina.

Abstract: An ammoxidation process for the preparation of nitriles by reaction of m- or p-xylene with ammonia and oxygen using as catalyst an .alpha.-alumina supported vanadiumalkali metal bronze promoted with niobium, whereby a high proportion of dinitrile product is obtained. The invention also embodies the niobium promoted catalyst.

Abstract: .gamma.-Lactones may be selectively prepared by the hydrogenation of cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides under mild conditions in a homogeneous solution in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst of the formula ##EQU1## WHEREIN X is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, or lower alkyl; n is an integer of from 0-2, but when n is 2, X may be the same or different; L is a neutral ligand, olefin, or CO; y is an integer of from 0-3, but when y is 2 or 3, L may be the same or different; R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are lower alkyl, cycloalkyl of from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, aryl, benzyl, or a bidentate ligand, and each of the R groups may be the same or different; and x is an integer of from 1-3.In a like manner, esters may be prepared in high yields by the selective hydrogenation of acyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a porous structure of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. A heterogeneous composite of the polyethylene and a particular hydrocarbon is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the hydrocarbon but below the melting point of the polyethylene. The composite is then shaped. After such shaping the temperature is then raised to a temperature above the melting point of the polyethylene and maintained until complete fusion of the polyethylene particles occurs. Thereafter the hydrocarbon is extracted from the cooled shaped structure.

Abstract: Process of dehydrocyclizing C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 paraffins using a sodium zeolite X or sodium zeolite Y, which zeolite has been ion exchanged with from 0.10 to 1.2 weight percent platinum, the catalyst calcined and the platinum then reduced with hydrogen to the free metal. Said catalyst is characterized by its rather high platinum dispersion. In an especially preferred aspect of the invention, the catalyst is given a final ion exchange with a sodium salt such as sodium bicarbonate. The dehydrocyclization reaction is carried out at from 500.degree. to 560.degree.C and preferably from 510.degree. to 555.degree.C using a partial pressure of hydrogen of from 10 to 300 p.s.i.g. and preferably 50 to 200 p.s.i.g. to form benzene and alkylbenzenes.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel synthetic lubricants containing major amounts of tertiary diamides having the following structural formula: ##EQU1## wherein N = 4-12 ##EQU2## wherein R = H, alkyl radical having C.sub.1 -C.sub.5m = 2-8x = 1-5These lubricants have low pour points and excellent thermal stabilities.

Abstract: A process for vapor phase ammoxidation of hydrocarbons which comprises reacting vapors of ammonia and said hydrocarbon in the presence of a molten salt eutectic mixture of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and K.sub.2 O, said molten salt being atomized in the presence of said ammonia and hydrocarbon, and, optionally, said spent molten salt being regenerated by air oxidation and recycled for reuse. The invention also embodies an apparatus for the ammoxidation process which comprises a reactor vessel fitted with (a) input means for ammonia and hydrocarbon, (b) an atomizing apparatus within said reactor, (c) means for feeding the molten eutectic salt from an upper reservoir to said atomizing apparatus, (d) a lower reservoir for spent molten salt, and (e) a gas-lift to move said spent salt from said lower reservoir to said upper reservoir.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing ring patterns from electron diffraction spot patterns, which comprises in combination a transparent disc rotatably mounted, rotating means for said disc, a light source beneath said disc, and photographic means above said disc. The invention also embodies a method for producing ring pattern negatives from an electron diffraction spot pattern negative by photographing the spot pattern negative while it revolves at a speed of at least about 0.5 rps.

Abstract: An improved method of transmitting power in a hydraulically operated mechanism which comprises adding to the operative liquid a certain amount of a tertiary diamide having the following structural formula: ##EQU1## wherein ##EQU2## and wherein R R H, alkyl radical having C.sub.1 -C.sub.5m = 2-8x = 1-5The tertiary diamide imparts to the liquid the property of swelling seals in the mechanical system and thereby prevents leakage.