Abstract: The present disclosure provides a simple and inexpensive method to produce reduced Graphene oxide (rGO). The method comprises conversion of low-cost carbon sources such as coal tar pitch (industrial by-product) into a high quality rGO wherein said conversion is carried out by annealing the carbon source at two different temperatures. The rGO is obtained at high yields by employing the present method and the obtained rGO demonstrates high conductivity and good surface area along with very low oxygen content.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing a blockage in a solids injection lance extending into a direct smelting vessel The solids injection lance has a single inlet coupled to a section of supply line that conveys gas and solids to the solids injection lance and that is upstream and co-axial with the solids injection lance. The apparatus has a tool that extends through the supply line section and the solids injection lance to remove a blockage of solid material and an assembly for advancing the tool through the solids injection lance and the supply line section to the blockage from an upstream side of the blockage.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for improving yield strength of one or more workpieces. The method includes positioning the one or more workpieces in a punch and die assembly and operating the punch and die assembly such that, a plurality of surface protrusions are formed on the one or more workpieces. The plurality of surface protrusions are formed by plastic deformation on the one or more workpieces, to improve yield strength of the one or more workpieces. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus to improve yield strength of the one or more workpieces. The present disclosure is configured to improve yield strength of the one or more workpieces, without altering its mechanical characteristics.

Abstract: A system (100) for a sheet metalworking is disclosed. The system (100) comprising a punch (1) connectable to a press (P), wherein the punch (1) is configured with a first electrical terminal (2). A die (3) configured with a die surface (DS), to support sheet metal (SM). A support member (4) movably disposed in the die (1), the support member (4) is provided with a second electrical terminal (5). The support member (4) and the punch (1) contacts a working portion (B) of the sheet metal (SM) at an axis (A-A) to supply electric current to a localized region (LR) of the working portion (B) for sheet metalworking.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for improving fatigue strength of a workpiece (100). The method comprises positioning the workpiece (100) in a punch and die assembly (102). Operating the punch and die assembly (102) one or more times to imprint surface features (2) on a portion of a surface of the workpiece (100), wherein the surface features (2) induces compressive residual stresses at a sub-surface level of the workpiece (100), and improves the fatigue strength of the workpiece (100).

Abstract: A smelting vessel includes a plurality of heat pipes (21) positioned in a refractory lining of at least a part of the hearth (9) for cooling at least a part of the refractory lining. At least one of the heat pipes includes (a) a liquid phase of a heat transfer fluid, typically water, in a lower section of the heat pipe and (b) a vapor phase of the heat transfer fluid, typically steam, in an upper section of the heat pipe. The heat pipe also includes a vent to allow vapour phase to escape from the heat pipe to reduce the pressure or the temperature within the heat pipe when the vapour pressure or the temperature in the heat pipe exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure or temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bainite steel consisting of the following elements in weight %: C: 0.25-0.55 Si: 0.5-1.8 Mn: 0.8-3.8 Cr: 0.2-2.0 Ti: 0.0-0.1 Cu: 0.0-1.2 V: 0.0-0.5 Nb: 0.0-0.06 Al: 0.0-2.75 N: <0.004 P: <0.025 S: <0.025 and a method for manufacturing a bainite steel strip that comprises the step of cooling the coiled strip of such composition to ambient temperature, during which the bainite transformation takes place.

Abstract: Present invention discloses a high strength hot rolled steel product with tensile strength at least 1100 MPa and elongation not less than 21%. The steel further has uniform elongation not less than 10% and yield and tensile ratio 0.6-0.7. The steel further has tensile toughness in the range 19-23.5 GPa %. The developed steel is primarily aimed for automotive structural applications and also for many other such as defence where good combination of strength and ductility required is very high. The developed steel product has following composition C: 0.15-0.23, Mn: 0.8-2.1, Si: 0.3-1.1, Cr: 0.8-1.3, Mo: 0.08-0.25, Nb: 0.018-0.035, Ti—0.01-0.1 S—0.008 max, P—0.025 max, Al—0.05 to 0.3, N—0.005 max. The liquid metal was continuous cast into slab casting. The cast slab was soaked above 1150° C. for few hours and subsequently the cast structure was broken by deformation prior to hot rolling.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing metallurgical coke from non-coking coal. The method comprising, densifying, the non-coking coal to form pellets. The densified pellets will be placed in a microwave oven within plurality of bricks and are subjected for pyrolysis. For carrying our pyrolysis, the pellets are carried out by heating, the pellets in the microwave oven at a predetermined temperature under an inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure, and then the pellets are cooled in the microwave oven under the inert atmosphere. This process coverts non-coking coal to the metallurgical coke in a quicker time, and without use of any susceptors.

Abstract: A multi-track laser beam process for surface hardening a low-carbon and low manganese steel. The process includes providing cold rolled close annealed (CRCA) steel sheets having in weight percentage, C: 0.03-0.07, Mn: 0.15-0.25 or 1.4, S: 0.005-0.009, P: 0.009-0.014, Si: 0.005-0.02, Al: 0.04, V: 0.001, Nb: 0.001, and Ti: 0.002 and heating the surface of the steel sheet to an austenizing temperature using a multi-track laser beam, where, upon cooling, phase transformation of the initial microstructure to a harder dual phase structure occurs. The surface temperature of the steel sheet may be controlled based on a comparison of the on-line surface temperature effect with pre-stored data representing the desired surface temperature effect to eliminate any possibility of melting the sheet. The development of the desired microstructure of the sheet, including measurement of the hardness level and the fraction of different phases, may be periodically reviewed.

Abstract: A method of removing a blockage in a solids injection lance under normal operating conditions of a direct smelting vessel is disclosed. The direct smelting vessel contains a bath of molten metal and slag and the solids injection lance extends into the direct smelting vessel and has an outlet end that is submerged in the molten slag. The solids injection lance further has a single inlet coupled to a section of supply line that conveys gas and solid feed material to the solids injection lance. The method comprises (a) advancing a blockage-removing tool through the supply line section and through the solids injection lance to an upstream side of the blockage, (b) operating the tool under elevated gas pressure conditions to remove the blockage such that solid feed material and gas are able to flow through the solids injection lance. The method further comprises (c) retracting the tool from the solids injection lance and the supply line section.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a simple and inexpensive method to produce reduced Graphene oxide (rGO). The method comprises conversion of low-cost carbon sources such as coal tar pitch (industrial by-product) into a high quality rGO wherein said conversion is carried out by annealing the carbon source at two different temperatures. The rGO is obtained at high yields by employing the present method and the obtained rGO demonstrates high conductivity and good surface area along with very low oxygen content.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for heat treating an iron-carbon alloy. The method comprises acts of heating the iron-carbon alloy to a first pre-determined temperature at a pre-determined heating rate, holding the iron-carbon alloy at the first pre-determined temperature for a pre-set period of time. The method further comprises acts of cooling the iron-carbon alloy to a second pre-determined temperature at a pre-determined cooling rate and inducing magnetic field on the iron-carbon alloy selectively during at least one of heating and cooling of the iron-carbon alloy. The induction of magnetic field on the iron-carbon alloy results in microstructural changes to improve formation of pearlitic structure in the iron-carbon alloy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing metallurgical coke from non-coking coal. The method comprising, densifying, the non-coking coal to form pellets. The densified pellets will be placed in a microwave oven within plurality of bricks and are subjected for pyrolysis. For carrying our pyrolysis, the pellets are carried out by heating, the pellets in the microwave oven at a predetermined temperature under an inert atmosphere at atmospheric pressure, and then the pellets are cooled in the microwave oven under the inert atmosphere. This process coverts non-coking coal to the metallurgical coke in a quicker time, and without use of any susceptors.

Abstract: A slag notch for a metallurgical vessel includes a steel member that defines a passageway for molten slag and a system for cooling the steel member.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of detecting crack propagation in a wall of a metallurgical furnace by a detection unit. The detection unit is configured to extract one or more dominant frequency parameters from the corresponding reflected stress signal, and analysing, a phase from each dominant frequency parameters. The analysing of the phase comprises determines, one or more coefficients for each dominant frequency parameters. The detection unit then identifies, a dominant phase based on the corresponding one or more coefficients and selects a frequency relevant to a thickness parameter based on the dominant phase. The crack propagation in the wall of the metallurgical furnace is then detected based on the frequency relevant to the thickness parameter at each of the one or more locations. The present disclosure provides an accurate method for determining condition of refractory lining by elimination unwanted noise signals.

Abstract: A process for making a hot rolled high strength steel (HRHSS) product including the steps of casting a steel slab having, in weight percent, C: 0.18-0.22, Mn: 1.0-2.0, Si: 0.8-1.2, Cr: 0.8-1.2, S: 0.008 max, P: 0.025 max, Al: 0.01-0.15, N: 0.005 max, Nb: 0.02-0.035, Mo: 0.08-0.12, the remainder iron (Fe) and incidental impurities, hot rolling the steel slab into strip at a finish rolling temperature (FRT) of 850-900° C., cooling the hot rolled strip at 40° C./s or more over a run out table (ROT) until the strip reaches 380-400° C., coiling the hot rolled strip, and then air cooling to room temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for producing graphene, wherein the process is simple and economical. In the said process the substrate is contacted with vaporized seedlac to produce graphene on a substrate including but not limited to conductive material and non-conductive material. The disclosure further relates to a graphene which is impermeable to ions and molecules, resistant to oxidation and is hydrophobic. The disclosure furthermore relates to a substrate comprising graphene, said substrate is resistant to corrosion, resistant to oxidation and is hydrophobic.

Abstract: A method of sealing a slag drain in a direct smelting vessel is disclosed. Also disclosed are a method of maintaining a slag drain channel and a direct smelting vessel with a slag drain channel that extends through a sleeve of refractory material installed in the direct smelting vessel. The method for sealing the slag drain includes locating a pre-formed refractory material at an inlet end of the slag drain channel so that it is exposed to a molten bath contained within the direct smelting vessel and sealing the slag drain channel with sealing material downstream of the pre-formed refractory material.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method for improving fatigue strength of a workpiece (100). The method comprises positioning the workpiece (100) in a punch and die assembly (102). Operating the punch and die assembly (102) one or more times to imprint surface features (2) on a portion of a surface of the workpiece (100), wherein the surface features (2) induces compressive residual stresses at a sub-surface level of the workpiece (100), and improves the fatigue strength of the workpiece (100).