Abstract: An antenna structure is provided that improves performance of a Near Field Communication antenna by constructing a pattern for NFC in an inner center region of a pattern for a wireless charging pad. The structure includes a Printed Circuit Board including a first and a second substrate layer, where the first substrate layer includes a first and a second non-conductive area, one first conductive wire constructed in a shape surrounding the first non-conductive area, one second conductive wire constructed in a shape surrounding the second non-conductive area, and a first antenna corresponding to a first frequency band. The second substrate layer includes a third non-conductive area, a third wire surrounding the third non-conductive area, and connection wires electrically coupling the first and the second conductive wire forming a second winding. The first winding and the second winding are a second antenna corresponding to a second frequency band.

Abstract: The curved-type rigid board includes: a main sheet layer capable of maintaining a curved state with a certain curvature; a first adhesive layer formed on the main sheet layer; a sub sheet layer bonded onto the main sheet layer by the first adhesive layer while the sub sheet layer forms a line structure having diagonal lines, which do not match directions of horizontal and vertical lines of the mesh structure of the thermosetting resin of which the main sheet layer is made, in order for the main sheet layer to have rigidity to maintain the curved state; a second adhesive layer formed on the sub sheet layer; and a pattern forming layer bonded onto the sub sheet layer by the second adhesive layer.

Abstract: Provided is a three-dimensional antenna apparatus formed through a curved substrate for a portable terminal, which can be implemented by a first antenna pattern formed on one side surface of the curved substrate, a second antenna pattern formed on the other side surface opposite to the one side surface of the curved substrate, and an antenna connection pattern electrically connecting the first antenna pattern and the second antenna pattern.

Abstract: A process for creating a predictive data set predicting the amount of target constituents are in an electrolyte solution at varying temperatures is provided.

Abstract: Method of combusting hydrocarbon fuel to form combustion products low in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) and mixing the combustion products with additional air to provide a heated air stream suitable for heating enclosed spaces includes the following steps: (a) delivering a fuel stream to a burner assembly; (b) delivering a combustion air stream to the burner assembly; (c) combining the fuel and air streams within a combustion chamber and heat exchanger wherein the mixture is ignited, completely combusted, and the temperature of the products of combustion are reduced; (d) providing tempering air to the external side of the combustion chamber and heat exchanger to transfer heat away from the combustion gases to tempering air; (e) combining the partially heated tempering air and cooled combustion products low in NO2 and CO; and (f) discharging the mixture into a space to be heated.

Abstract: A process for creating a predictive data set predicting the amount of target constituents are in an electrolyte solution at varying temperatures is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides an electroplating composition, method, and improved apparatus, which enables electroplating tin-silver alloys at high speed and without burning. The composition is an aqueous acidic solution including salts of stannous tin and a monovalent silver, and a complexing agent selected from the group consisting of thiocarbazides and thiohydrazides, and optionally an aldehyde and/or dialdehyde organic brightener compound. A sulfonic acid and a surfactant may also be included. The improved apparatus provides a protective structure substantially surrounding the anode(s) to decrease turbulence and the problematic silver displacement reaction.

Abstract: Method of combusting hydrocarbon fuel to form combustion products low in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) and mixing the combustion products with additional air to provide a heated air stream suitable for heating enclosed spaces includes the following steps: (a) delivering a fuel stream to a burner assembly; (b) delivering a combustion air stream to the burner assembly; (c) combining the fuel and air streams within a combustion chamber and heat exchanger wherein the mixture is ignited, completely combusted, and the temperature of the products of combustion are reduced; (d) providing tempering air to the external side of the combustion chamber and heat exchanger to transfer heat away from the combustion gases to tempering air; (e) combining the partially heated tempering air and cooled combustion products low in NO2 and CO; and (f) discharging the mixture into a space to be heated.

Abstract: A plasma generating apparatus includes a plurality of discharge cells in which a gas is excited by a high frequency excitation signal produced at an inverter. Each of a plurality of transformers couples the excitation signal from the inverter to one of the discharge cells, thereby forming a separate resonant circuit that has a resonant frequency. A gap in the transformer core creates a stray magnetic field outside the transformer. The plurality of transformers are in close proximity to each other so that the stray magnetic field from one transformer is coupled to at least one other transformer. Coupling the stray magnetic fields between transformers results in each resonant circuit resonating at the same frequency.

Abstract: A processing system, electroplating cell, transport system, cathode contact subsystem and method of providing a cathode contact to the articles being transported within an electroplating cell. The processing system may include a loading station, pre-processing station, electroplating station, post-processing station, unloading station, and a transport system that transports the articles to the various stations. The electroplating cell comprises a container to support a plating fluid bath, and an anode electrode. In one embodiment, the cathode contact system provides a cathode contact to the articles by way of the transport system's electrically-conductive, conveyor structure. In another embodiment, the cathode contact system comprises an electrically-conductive moving conveyor structure adapted to make cathode contact to said articles and move substantially in synchronous with the articles.

Abstract: A processing system, electroplating cell, transport system, cathode contact subsystem and method of providing a cathode contact to the articles being transported within an electroplating cell. The processing system may include a loading station, pre-processing station, electroplating station, post-processing station, unloading station, and a transport system that transports the articles to the various stations. The electroplating cell comprises a container to support a plating fluid bath, and an anode electrode. In one embodiment, the cathode contact system provides a cathode contact to the articles by way of the transport system's electrically-conductive, conveyor structure. In another embodiment, the cathode contact system comprises an electrically-conductive moving conveyor structure adapted to make cathode contact to said articles and move substantially in synchronous with the articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte used in connection with the deposition of a gold-tin alloy on an electroplatable substrate. This solution generally includes water; stannous and/or stannic tin ions, a complexing agent to render the stannous and/or stannic tin ions soluble, complexed gold ions, and an alloy stabilizing agent that includes ethoxylated compounds with phosphate ester functional group, brightening additives based on ethoxylated phosphate esters and alkali metal fatty acids dipropionates. The brighteners may be used alone or in conjunction with each other to achieve beneficial synergistic effect. The alloy stabilizing agent is present in an amount sufficient to stabilize the composition of the gold-tin deposit over a usable current density range. The solution has a pH of between 2 and 10 and the gold ions and tin ions are present in relative amounts sufficient to provide a deposit having a gold content less than 90% by weight and a tin content greater than 10% by weight.

Abstract: A fuel burning device includes a tubular combustion cylinder open at opposing first and second ends. A fuel inlet pipe has a first end extending through the first end of the combustion cylinder partially into the combustion cylinder and a second end extending outside of the combustion cylinder. The fuel burning device also includes a burner head connected to the first end of the fuel inlet pipe and an orifice connected between the burner head and the first end of the fuel inlet pipe. The burner head is structured and arranged so that combusted fuel discharged at the second end of said combustion cylinder has reduced CO and NOx emissions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electroplating solution for providing a deposit of an alloy of gold and tin. This solution includes an aqueous solvent in which gold is present in the form of a solution soluble cyanide complex and tin is present in the form of a solution soluble organotin complex. 2,2?-dipyridyl is present as an additive that allows the codeposition of useful gold-tin alloy compositions at current densities lower than would be possible in its absence, given the concentrations of the individual metallic components in the solution. This additive is generally used at a concentration of 0.1 to 1 grams per liter for imparting significant enhancements in providing gold-tin alloy deposits.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to any electrolyte and methods for monitoring the constituents contained therein. More specifically, the present invention relates to plating baths and methods for monitoring the constituents contained therein based on chemometric analysis of voltammetric data obtained for these baths. More particularly, the method of the present invention relates to application of numerous chemometric techniques of modeling power, outlier detection, regression and calibration transfer for analysis of voltammetric data obtained for various plating baths.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for electroplating a metal deposit on electroplatable portions of composite articles that have both electroplatable and non-electroplatable portions. In this method, the invention is an improvement which comprises treating the articles prior to electroplating to provide the electroplatable portions with enhanced electroplatability. This is achieved by passing a current though a near neutral pH solution that contains a conductivity agent and a buffer to reduce or remove surface oxides and contaminants from such portions without deleteriously affecting the non-electroplatable portions of the articles. When the treated surfaces are subsequently subjected to metal plating, a uniform, smooth metal deposit is achieved.

Abstract: Improvements in methods for plating metal on substrates are obtained by providing media in the plating solution in sizes that are less than 60% to 80% smaller than the average dimension of the substrates to be plated. It is also advantageous for the substrates and media to be present in the solution at a volume ratio of above 1/1 to about 5/1. Another embodiment of the invention relates to an apparatus for electroplating a metal deposit on electroplatable substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to any plating solution and methods for monitoring its performance. More specifically, the present invention relates to plating bath and methods for monitoring its plating functionality based on chemometric analysis of voltammetric data obtained for these baths. More particularly, the method of the present invention relates to application of numerous chemometric techniques to describe quantitatively plating bath functionality in order to maintain its proper performance.

Abstract: Methods of providing improved metal coatings or metal deposits on a substrate, improvements in plating solutions that are used to provide such metal deposits and articles of the metal-coated substrates. The solderability of the metal coating is enhanced by incorporating trace amounts of phosphorus in the metal coating to reduce surface oxide formation during subsequent heating and thus enhance long term solderability of the metal coating. The phosphorus is advantageously provided in the metal coating by incorporating a source of phosphorus in a solution that is used to provide the metal coating on the substrate, and the metal coating is then provided on the substrate from the solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing tin whisker formation in tin deposits by plating on an underlying metal tin deposits which are predominantly in a predetermined crystal orientation that essentially matches that of the underlying metal in order to inhibit tin whisker growth. The most preferred crystal orientation is one that is the same as that of the underlying metal. The deposit preferably contains at least 95% tin and optionally at least one alloying element of silver, bismuth, copper or zinc in an amount of 5% or less. Advantageously, the tin deposits are provided during electroplating from a specially formulated plating solution.