Abstract: An ISFET detector for determining concentration of a target ion in a fluid, the apparatus comprising: a semiconducting substrate comprising a source and a drain having source and drain electrodes respectively and a channel region between them in the substrate; an insulating material overlying the channel region; a gate electrode formed on the insulating material; a reference electrode electrifiable to establish an electric field in the channel region; an accumulator comprising a layer of material of thickness less than or equal to about 2 nm (nanometers) that accumulates a quantity of target ions responsive to concentration of the target ions in the fluid; a layer of a conducting material on which the accumulator is formed that is separate from the gate electrode; and a conducting element that electrically connects the layer of conducting material to the gate electrode.

Abstract: A device, a computer readable medium and a method that may include performing a shortened read attempt of multiple data memory cells that store data to provide an estimate of the data; wherein the shortened read attempt has a duration that is shorter than a duration of a full read attempt; performing a shortened read attempt of redundant memory cells that store redundant information to provide an estimate of the redundant information; wherein the estimate of the redundant information is indicative of an expected number of data memory cells that store a certain logic value; determining, based on the estimate of the data, an estimated number of data memory cells that store the certain logic value; comparing the expected number to the estimated number; and providing the estimate of the data as a read result if the expected number and the estimated number equal each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for measuring biomarker analytes indicative of various diseases comprising an array of sensors sensitive to volatile organic compounds. Particularly, the system is composed of a random network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) coated with non-polar small organic molecules in conjunction with learning and pattern recognition algorithms. Methods of discriminating between breath samples of healthy individuals and of lung cancer patients are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for protecting a communication network against failure, comprising the steps of: a) obtaining a primary network, represented by a graph of nodes and links, wherein each link has an associated capacity; b) computing a backup network, that includes nodes of the primary network and links that are not in the primary network; c) when a link of the primary network fails, rerouting communication traffic, through one or more links of the backup network, in order to bypass the failed link. Methods are suggested to determine the backup network, one method relates to expressing the objective and constraints on the backup network as linear or integer expressions, and a linear or integer programming tool is used to solve the equation system and provide optimal backup network.

Abstract: A sorbent polymer is provided that interacts or reacts with aqueous urea to aid the regeneration of a dialysate liquid. The sorbent polymer may include one or more specific functional groups bonded thereto. Such specific functional groups are selected from carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, carboxylates, amides, dicarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acid esters, and dicer boxylates to produce the desired urea sorbent.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for imaging in scattering media such as fog, water and biological tissues. Normally, such images suffer from poor visibility due to backscattering and signal attenuation. At least two images are taken of the scene using active widefield polarized illumination, with different states of a camera-mounted polarizer. The degree of polarization of backscatter is estimated in every point of the scene, leading to an estimation of the backscatter in every point of the scene. A portion or all of the value of backscatter can be deducted in each point of the scene resulting in an enhanced image with improved contrast and brightness range across the field of view.

Abstract: There is provided a new architecture for all-optical logic architecture. In this architecture the gate is partitioned into a linear front-end followed by a nonlinear back-end. The logic calculation is practically performed within the linear stage, easing the requirements placed on the non-linear part and thus reducing the gate complexity. The new structures provide flexibility and improved performance for the all-optical logic. The proposed scheme may be integrated optics/electronics. An important additional attribute of our all-optical logic family is reconfigurability, i.e. the ability of the hardware architecture or devices to rapidly alter the functionalities of its components and the interconnection between them as needed.

Abstract: The present invention provides sets of VOCs for breath analysis. Methods of use thereof in diagnosing, monitoring or prognosing breast cancer, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer or colon cancer are disclosed.

Abstract: An antenna system for estimating the DOA of arriving signals, comprising: a first omnidirectional antenna; and a second omnidirectional antenna, which is located coaxially above the first omnidirectional antenna at a predefined distance D. The first omnidirectional antenna is configured to transform the received arriving signal into output signals, and the second omnidirectional antenna is configured to transform the received signal into a reference signal. The antenna system allows extracting: a first phase difference between the phase of the first output signal and the reference phase and a second phase difference between the phase of the second output signal and the reference phase, where each phase difference includes a first component proportional to the azimuth of said arriving signal and a second component corresponding to the elevation of the arriving signal, from which the azimuth and the elevation of the arriving signal can be extracted.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system, device, kit and method for detecting the presence, or concentration of a target in a sample. An assay set comprising at least two spaced apart electrodes is used, comprising a recognition moiety, capable of specific binding to the target, which is attached to at least one of the electrodes or the substrate therein between. If the recognition moiety binds the target then a conductive bridge can be formed between the electrodes, based on the complex between the recognition moiety and the target. The conductive bridge is formed by using nucleation-center forming entities attached to the complexes or to the targets from which a conductive substance is substantially grown. Alternatively the conducting bridge forms a conductive polymer between the electrodes.

Abstract: A control system is presented for controlling operation of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) for generating energy from an incoming fluid flow. The control system comprises at least one flow affecting arrangement associated with at least one blade of the VAWT and a control unit connected to said flow affecting arrangement, the flow affecting arrangement comprising two flow affecting units located in two opposite sides of the blade respectively at a leading edge thereof, each flow affecting unit being operable for creating a blowing jet at the respective side of the blade thereby inducing an increase in a fluid flow momentum, the control unit being configured and operable for selectively activating the flow affecting units in alternating fashion according to a predetermined time pattern to oscillate the blowing jet at the opposite sides of the blade.

Abstract: A method for modulating roughness of a surface, comprising: providing a first pre-stressed electrically conductive layer (10) coupled to a dielectric elastic foundation (20) provided over a second conductive layer (30); and subjecting the two conductive layers to a voltage difference, thereby modulating the roughness of the first surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides protein (or peptide)-polysaccharide (or oligosaccharide) conjugates (PPC) as nanocapsular vehicles for nanoencapsulation of biologically active compounds, particularly nutraceuticals. The PPCs efficiently protect both hydrophobic (i.e., water insoluble) and hydrophilic (i.e., water soluble) nutraceuticals, to provide a composition which, when added to a beverage, disperses so as to provide a clear or transparent solution. In some embodiments, the PPCs are Maillard reaction based PPCs. Advantageously, the conjugates of the present invention protect the nutraceuticals from degradation, both during shelf life and upon gastric digestion.

Abstract: An electronic device is presented, such as a thin film transistor. The device comprises a patterned electrically-conductive layer associated with an active element of the electronic device. The electrically-conductive layer has a pattern defining an array of spaced-apart electrically conductive regions. This technique allows for increasing an electric current through the device.

Abstract: A method for creating a metabolic map of metabolic reactions by selecting metabolic reactions active in cancer cells. A core set of metabolic reactions occurring in the cancer cells is designated. For each permutation, whether inhibition of the k-th non-core reaction together with inhibition of all previously deleted non-core reactions results in inhibition of any of the core reactions or results in inhibition of the flux of biomass metabolites to biomass is determined. If inhibition of the k-th non-core reaction and inhibition of all previously deleted non-core reactions does not result in inhibition of any core reactions and does not result in inhibition of the flux of biomass metabolites to biomass, then the k-th non-core reaction is deleted from the set of non-core reactions. The number of permutations for which the k-th non-core reaction is not deleted is determined and a metabolic map is then created based on that number.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of creating a building structure to be installed on a basin floor wherein the base for erecting the structure would be an element of such a block and this block would be placed on the basin floor in such a way, and would be fixed in position relative to it in such a manner, that this base could be used as a foundation for stationary, large-sized heavy structures and also to ensure the possibility of using the block elements as members of the structure being erected and thus to increase the economic efficiency of the method.

Abstract: A method of remotely viewing a video from a selected viewpoint selected by the viewer from a continuous segment, including, receiving a recording of a video of a subject recorded using a first depth video camera that records a video comprising a sequence of picture frames and additionally records a depth value for pixels of the picture frames; receiving a recording of a video of the subject recorded using a standard video camera or a second depth video camera positioned to record a video at a viewpoint that differs from the viewpoint of the depth video camera; using the recordings to render a viewable video from the selected viewpoint; and display the rendered viewable video to the viewer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for diagnosing, monitoring or prognosing Alzheimer's disease using at least one sensor comprising carbon nanotubes coated with cyclodextrin or derivatives thereof and/or at least one sensor comprising metal nanoparticles coated with various organic coatings in conjunction with a learning and pattern recognition algorithm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for diagnosing, monitoring, prognosing or staging Parkinson's disease using at least one sensor comprising carbon nanotubes coated with cyclodextrin or derivatives thereof or metal nanoparticles coated with various organic coatings in conjunction with a learning and pattern recognition algorithm.

Abstract: System and method for active detection of asymmetry in a rotating structure, the method comprises: imparting harmonic mechanical excitation on the rotating structure that is asynchronous to the speed of rotation of the structure; obtaining a response from the excited rotating body; and analyzing the response to determine a presence of modulation of the imparted harmonic mechanical excitation, that causes vibration at a frequency that is a combination of both the harmonic mechanical excitation and the modulation speed of rotation.