Abstract: An in vitro culture model for inflammation is provided. The method comprises tissue cells and immune cells, wherein the tissue cells and immune cells are of different species and are in direct contact. Also provided is an in vitro method of assaying inflammation in culture using the model.

Abstract: The invention generally contemplates electrodes and systems implementing same, wherein the electrode is provided with an oxygenic organism for generating electrical current.

Abstract: A system and a method for separation of ions from ions-containing medium is disclosed herein, that utilizes capacitive-faradaic fuel cells (CFFC) particles coated at least partially with catalysts capable of catalyzing redox reactions provided a reductant (fuel) and/or an oxidant, thereby polarizing the particles to more effectively absorb charged species (ions) from the water upon introducing, e.g., H2 gas or O2 gas, in the medium during the adsorption or regeneration. The same concept is utilized in a hybrid electrochemical cell for providing a system and a method for generating and converting electrochemical energy.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an interferometer interfering a plurality of bosonic particles at one or more inputs so as to form one or more first outputs, one or more second outputs, and one or more third outputs. The one or more third outputs output one or more purified bosonic particles depending on the presence of absence of bosonic particles at the first outputs and second outputs.

Abstract: An objective lens system comprises a set of lenses, arranged along a common optical axis to form a back focal plane. The objective lens system is a component in a microscope. The objective lens system also comprises an optical mask at the back focal plane, and a housing encapsulating the set of lenses and the optical mask.

Abstract: An optical digital to analog converter (oDAC) that may include (a) multiple optical paths that are parallel to each other; (b) a combiner, (c) a splitter that is configured to receive an optical signal at a splitter input and split the optical signal between multiple splitter outputs to provide multiple path input signals to the multiple optical paths. The multiple optical paths are configured to optically process, in parallel, path input signals to provide path output signals. Each optical path is configured to apply an optical process that comprises applying optical modulation, by an optical gate of the optical path and under a control of an electrical modulator, to provide an optical signal having a value selected out of multiple constellation levels. The combiner is configured to add the multiple path output signals to provide an oDAC output signal having a value selected from values of a single quadrature constellation.

Abstract: A photonic quantum state generator is presented for generation of one or more predetermined photonic quantum states in a range from radiofrequency to X-ray. The generator comprises: a free particles source controllably operable to provide a flow of said free particles with predetermined one or more flow parameters; a shaping unit located in a vicinity of a flow of the free particles and adapted to apply wavefunction shaping to provide coherently shaped free particles in either one of time-energy domain or space-momentum domain; and an interaction unit comprising a photonic structure and defining an interaction region enabling m interactions (m?1) between a photonic mode within said interaction region and the flow of the coherently shaped free particles having said one or more flow parameters satisfying a phase-matching condition with respect to the photonic mode, thereby generating said one or more predetermined photonic quantum states by a conditional displacement mechanism.

Abstract: Conjugates of fibrinogen and a plurality of curable groups covalently attached thereto, and curable formulations comprising such conjugates, are provided. Also provided are three-dimensional objects (scaffolds) made of the conjugate or the curable formulation, for example, by additive manufacturing, and uses thereof in, for example, tissue healing and/or regeneration.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical element, comprises fabricating a three-dimensional mold having a relief pattern complementary to a pattern of the optical element to be fabricated, contacting the relief pattern with a solidifiable transmissive material, and solidifying the material thereby forming a transmissive substrate having the pattern thereupon. The method also comprises contacting the transmissive substrate with one or more substances wherein a difference in refractive indices between the substance(s) and the transmissive substrate is less than about 0.1.

Abstract: An adaptor for coupling a proximal portion of an elongate surgical tool to a motorized robotic surgical device, the adaptor comprising: a recess shaped and sized for receiving a proximal portion of an elongate surgical tool; one or more movers positioned to contact and move a control component of the proximal portion; and transmission coupling which couples the one or more movers to motorized transmission of the robotic surgical device.

Abstract: A method encodes compositional data structures by receiving component sparse distributed representation arrays having a predetermined array length and target sparsity level, applying position-specific permutation transformations to encode ordinal position information, combining position-encoded arrays through bitwise union to generate an intermediate array, and processing the intermediate array through a dual-phase sparsity reduction procedure comprising a coarse additive phase and a fine subtractive phase controlled by a sparsity overshoot threshold to generate a composite encoded array. The dual-phase procedure converges in substantially constant iterations for 4 or more components with final sparsity tightly controlled around the target. A decoding method applies inverse position-specific transformations to generate position-decoded arrays, computes overlap scores with candidate components through bit counting operations, and determines component identities based on threshold comparison.

Abstract: Provided herein is a particle made of a protein covalently bound to a prebiotic carbohydrate, thereby forming a conjugate, wherein at least two said conjugates are covalently crosslinked via their carbohydrate units (e.g. by a phospho-di-ester bond). The said particle may be used for selectively promoting probiotic bacteria growth in the colon and may be used to deliver additional probiotic growth factors, or other bioactives and drugs to the colon. Furthermore, provided herein are methods for preparing the particle, and for delivering a substance bound to, or entrapped within the particle, into the gastrointestinal tract of a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: A compact robotic device for driving movement of two or more elongate surgical tools configured for a telescopic arrangement when said two or more elongate surgical tools are at least partially received within said device, the device comprising: a housing comprising walls which define an inner volume including at least two inner pathways for accommodating the two or more elongate surgical tools; the housing encasing: a plurality of motors, and two or more tool actuation assemblies configured at a position of each of the two or more inner pathways; the actuation assemblies driven by the plurality of motors and configured to operably contact an elongate surgical tool at least partially received in the inner pathway to at least one of advance, retract and/or roll said elongate surgical tool.

Abstract: A system for noninvasive in vivo functional imaging of the human ear and measurement of nanometer scale motion of the tympanic membrane under various acoustic excitations, and identification of vibration patterns that vary between human subjects in response to sound. By combining spectrally encoded imaging with phase-sensitive spectral-domain interferometry, high-resolution imaging of the membrane surface is obtained within a fraction of a second, through a handheld imaging probe. The detailed physiological data obtained allows measuring a wide range of clinically relevant parameters for patient diagnosis, and provides a new tool for studying middle and inner ear physiology. Use of a line measurement technique, without mechanically scanning the probe beam, enables characteristics of the membrane vibration to be measured, in a time scale of tenths of a second, thereby reducing the possibility of inaccuracy because of movements of the hand-held instrument.

Abstract: Particles comprised of a transition metal oxide and an amphiphilic copolymer, having a predetermined particle size, and uses same for encapsulation of hydrophobic compounds and for sono-responsive therapy, are disclosed. The methods of manufacturing the particles with a predetermined particle size are disclosed.

Abstract: An assembly for driving movement of an elongate surgical tool, comprising: a plurality of adjacent pairs of driving wheels, each pair of driving wheels having a space therebetween such that spaces of the plurality of pairs of driving wheels are axially aligned to form a channel for the elongate surgical tool to extend through; wherein at least one pair of driving wheels out of the plurality of pairs is arranged to lie on a plane different than a plane on which at least one other pair of driving wheels lies.

Abstract: The disclosure presents, interalia, a steerable catheter and method for controlling precise tip deflection of a compliant catheter mechanism with plastic and/or elastic deformation capabilities. Tip deflection of the catheter is optionally controlled with a dedicated hydraulic shaping device inserted over a wire in the lumen of the catheter. The hydraulic device can be retracted if necessary. Actuation of the hydraulic device deflects the tip at a desired location along its axis, the process can be repeated in multiple locations thereby shaping the catheter's tip into a desired three-dimensional curve. The deflection may stably maintain a desired shape after the hydraulic device is retracted owing to the multi-stability of the tip structure. In this way a 3D path can be shaped while inside the vasculature or other human anatomy and this 3D path can be maintained and held in position while other trans-catheter devices are passed therealong.

Abstract: An isolated multicellular organoid comprising cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells is disclosed. The endothelial cells form part of a 3D endothelial structure, the cardiomyocytes of the organoid are capable of synchronized contractions, and epicardial cells of the organoid do not form a distinct layer in the organoid. Methods of maturing immature cardiomyocytes and use of cardiomyocytes for generating disease models are also disclosed.

Abstract: A neural network comprising: a plurality of interconnected neural network elements, each comprising: a neuron circuit comprising a delta-sigma modulator, and at least one synapse device comprising a memristor connected to an output of said neuron circuit; wherein an adjustable synaptic weighting of said at least one synapse device is set based on said output of said neuron circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof. Further, methods for treating or preventing development of a RNF4 related disorder in a subject in need thereof are also provided.