Abstract: An apparatus and method are described to increase the control resolution of an electronic device. In one embodiment, the invention includes a spread pulse modulation module to generate a first set of bits based on a second set of bits that is larger than the first set of bits. The spread pulse modulation module modulates the least significant bit (LSB) of the first set of bits based on information including the LSB modulation period and the LSB modulation duty cycle. The spread pulse modulation module also modulates the least significant bit of the first set of bits so that the least significant bit transitions at least twice from a high value to a low value during the modulation period. This embodiment of the invention also includes a digital-to-analog conversion module to generate an analog input signal to the electronic device based on the first set of bits.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the apparatus receives a radio frequency (RF) signal transmitted from the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader, measures the strength of the received RF signal, and controls the power supplied from the power supply unit included in the tag or the power excited by the RF signal to be supplied to the tag according to whether the power excited by the received RF signal exceeds a level necessary to operate the tag based on the measured strength of the RF signal. Thus, efficiency of power consumption of the tag and the RFID transmission/reception system can be maximized and the amount of data is reduced to the extent that the set of commands is not needed, thereby simplifying a data process.

Abstract: Provided is a speech coding apparatus and method. A band divider divides an input signal into a high-band signal and a low-band signal, a narrowband encoder encodes the low-band signal using a Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP)-based narrowband speech codec, a frequency characteristic collector converts the high-band signal to a signal in a frequency domain and obtains Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) coefficients, a subband determiner determines subbands in a final stage based on the MDCT coefficients and determines subbands for quantization based on the subbands in a final stage, a gain quantizer performs gain quantization of the subbands, a bit assignment unit assigns bits to the subbands according to the magnitude of the gain quantization, and a shape quantizer performs shape quantization of the subbands in an algebraic method. Accordingly, algorithm consistency can be maintained and a complexity can be reduced by extending a bandwidth with a small number of bits in a speech codec.

Abstract: A method of generating IP traffic flow based on a time bucket divides, in order to generate flows using all IP packets arriving in a preset time bucket, a previous time bucket flow table (PTBFT) and a current time bucket flow table (CTBFT) with reference to a current time when the flows are generated using IP packets collected from a high-speed line in a flow generating unit. Accordingly, the method allows real-time analysis of flows.

Abstract: A fiber access terminal includes a drop cable side and a distribution cable side. The sides are separated by a frame to which a variety of cable management and cable connections components may be mounted. Optical fibers are routed from drop and distribution cables through a plurality of routing paths to splice trays for connection to other optical fibers. The terminal includes a base and a dome cover mounted to the base defining an enclosed interior. Passageways between the base and the dome cover are closed by removable covers to limit moisture and animals from accessing an interior of the dome cover. A tether connects the removable covers to the frame. The removable covers include one or more break out regions configured for being removed to receive one or more cables.

Abstract: Provided is a method for transmitting contents with limited system permissions. In the method, a content request is received from a client terminal. A download descriptor is transmitted to the client terminal in response to the content request, the download descriptor including information about the authentication and permission of the client terminal system that can be managed in the contents. A content transmission request is received from the client terminal that has received the download descriptor. Contents are transmitted to the client terminal in response to the content transmission request.

Abstract: Provided are an optical vision chip (OVC) and an image recognition method using the OVC. The OVC includes: a first display displaying an object image; a second display displaying a standard model image; and an optical sensor optically or electrically coupling the object image and the standard model image respectively displayed on the first and second displays and outputting a difference between the object image and the standard model image as an electrical signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mobile communication system, and more particularly, to a repeater and a ranging method using the repeater. In the mobile communication system including the repeater, a ranging operation is performed so that data are transmitted to a base station regardless of whether a mobile terminal is within a repeater area. Accordingly, it is determined whether a ranging code received through a ranging flag is directly received from the mobile terminal or if it is received through the repeater. When the ranging code is transmitted to the base station through the repeater, the ranging operation of the mobile terminal is performed.

Abstract: A distributed resources sharing method using weighted sub-domain table of sub-domains in a GMPLS optical network is provided. The distributed resources sharing method includes; connecting working paths to an optical network according to a request of a subscriber; calculating a weighting factor for measurement of concentration of the sub-domains including the working paths by using information on connected working paths and information on backup paths; setting up the backup paths by using the weighting factors; and allocating resources in response to connection request at the time of setting up the backup path and sharing the allocated resources. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a waste of idle resources caused from concentration of allocated resources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided that yields improved performance of both single channel and WDM long-distance optical transmission systems by synchronously modulating of the transmitted signal's amplitude. An amplitude modulator receives an optical signal onto which data has been modulated at a predetermined frequency. The modulator re-modulates the amplitude of the optical signal in a continues fashion with a waveform that is periodic, whose fundamental frequency is equal to the same predetermined frequency at which the data is modulated onto the optical signal. The resulting signal (which is neither a pure NRZ or RZ signal) is more tolerant to the distortions usually found in lightwave transmission systems, thus giving superior transmission performance.

Abstract: An extended home service apparatus and a method of provided an extended home service capable of easily developing an application service based on a peer-to-peer (P2P) network are provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for generating a network attack signature capable of generating a signature having a high reliability while minimizing a whitelist used to prevent false positive. An application header and application data are separated from each other to measure byte distributions of the application header and the application data from an input packet. When an attack signature is generated by analyzing the measured byte distributions, a substring of the application data is used to generate the attack signature, and a substring of the application header is used as supporting information on the signature.

Abstract: Provided is a method for modifying the surface of cycloolefin copolymer substrates, which includes oxygen plasma treatment and acid treatment for immobilizing a variety of functional groups or compounds having the functional groups onto the surface so that the surface can be easily modified, or can have hydrophilic property or biocompatibility. The method for modifying surface of cycloolefin copolymer substrates includes the steps of: a) treating the surface of a cycloolefin copolymer substrate with oxygen plasma to form hydroxyl groups on the surface; b) treating the oxygen plasma treated surface with an acid; and c) immobilizing one or more compounds having a functional group to the acid treated surface.

Abstract: Provided are an IPTV service system and a method thereof. The IPTV service system includes: a headend, a set-top box, and a plurality of multicast routers. The headend assigns a multicast group address for each channel and assigns a source address for each PID with respect to an MPEG-TS and packetizes the MPEG-TS into a plurality of packet streams. The set-top box identifies a user-selected channel and the necessary elementary streams in the MPEG-TS for the selected channel, and requests selective reception of only packet streams corresponding to the selected channel and the necessary elementary streams from the plurality of packet streams. The plurality of multicast routers form a multicast path between the headend and the set-top box.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for tracking a directory, in which a final running directory path is transferred to a file transfer program through a terminal emulator. The method includes the steps of: (a) outputting a directory path request command in use to a terminal emulator; (b) receiving a current directory path output from the terminal emulator in response to the directory path request command; and (c) outputting the received current directory path to a file transfer program. Therefore, a path of a final running directory is transferred to a file transfer program through a terminal emulator to automatically set a directory path where the file transfer program is uploaded/downloaded when the file transfer program is executed.

Abstract: A handover method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: receiving neighboring base station information at a wireless relay station providing a wireless communication service moving together with a plurality of subscriber stations that move along the same moving path; performing scanning to check a wireless environment state of a neighboring base station using the received neighboring base station information; performing handover of the plurality of subscriber stations to a target base station as a single handover unit, when a handover condition is met during the scanning; and notifying the subscriber station of completion of handover preparation with the target base station.

Abstract: A splitter module for a fiber distribution hub includes a main body with a first aperture configured to receive an input fiber entering the splitter module, and a second aperture configured for a plurality of distribution fibers exiting the splitter module. The splitter module also includes a fin configured to be received in a slot of a splitter tray of a fiber distribution hub, and a pin configured to engage a hole in the splitter tray. The fin is received in the slot, and the pin is received in the hole of the fiber distribution hub to couple the splitter module to the fiber distribution module.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus of a mobile terminal receiving a signal in a synchronous OFDM system under a multi-cell environment, including a demodulation start controller performing frame synchronization and cell search using a received signal and outputting information on a demodulation start point and a to-be-demodulated neighbor cell; a FFT unit converting a time-domain signal into a frequency-domain signal; a scramble code generator generating scramble codes for the to-be-demodulated neighbor cell from the demodulation start controller and the current cell; a correlator multiplying a signal from the FFT unit and scramble codes from the scramble code generator and outputting correlation signals; demodulators provided corresponding to a current cell and a maximum number of neighbor cells to be demodulated, and demodulating the correlation signals; and a decoder decoding signals from the demodulators and restoring original information transmitted from the corresponding cell.

Abstract: Provided are an aqueous electrolyte composition including hydrophilic microparticles and a sealed-type primary film battery including an electrolyte layer formed of the aqueous electrolyte composition. In the sealed-type primary film battery, a separation film is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and has a plurality of through-holes. A non-flowable electrolyte layer interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes first and second electrolyte layers extending parallel to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a plurality of third electrolyte layers filled in the through-holes of the separation film so as to be integrally connected to the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer. Due to the third electrolyte layers filled in the through-holes of the separation film, an ion transfer path in the electrolyte layer is shortened.

Abstract: Provided are a phase shifter with a photonic band gap (PBG) structure using a ferroelectric thin film. The phase shifter includes a microstrip transmission line acting as a microwave input/output line and a plurality of tunable capacitors arranged in the microstrip transmission line at regular intervals. Electrodes disposed on a substrate apply DC voltages to the plurality of tunable capacitors. Radio frequency (RF) chokes and quarter wavelength radial-stubs are connected between the electrodes and the microstrip transmission line in order to prevent high frequency signals from flowing into a DC bias terminal. A plurality of PBGS are periodically arrayed on a ground plane of the substrate.