Abstract: A noise-limiting, switched current delta-sigma modulator for use in, for example, an oversampling analog-to-digital converter. The modulator includes a first integrator having a relatively large bias current and one or more second integrators having relatively small bias currents. The modulator according to the present invention reduces power consumption and chip area.

Abstract: An encapsulated optocomponent (1) comprises a single-crystal silicon wafer (3) and waveguides (9) located thereon, which at least partly are manufactured by means of process methods taken from the methods for manufacturing electronic integrated circuits. The waveguides (9) extend from an edge of the optoelectronic component (1) to an optoelectronic, active or passive component (11) attached to the surface of the silicon wafer (3). Over the region for connecting the waveguides (9) to the optoelectronic component (11) a transparent plastics material is molded (17), for instance an elastomer, having a refractive index adjusted to improve the optical coupling between the waveguides (9) and the optoelectronic component (11). The molding (17) covers advantageously all of said component (11) to also reduce thermal stresses between it and an exterior, protective layer (19) of a curable plastics material. The molded layer (17) can also cover the whole area of the waveguides (9) to form an upper cladding thereof.

Abstract: A method and system for preventing calls in a telecommunications network from being connected during specified periods of time, such as when calls to the desired communication terminal have been forwarded to a new communication terminal in a new time zone and the subscriber at the calling communication terminal is unaware of the local time of the new communication terminal. According to the invention, a prevention device is provided which informs the calling communication terminal of the local time of the new communication terminal prior to connection and requests the calling communication terminal to confirm whether the communication connection should be made, or automatically prevents the connection from being made and informs the calling communication terminal that the connection will not be made. The telecommunications network can include mobile telecommunications devices.

Abstract: A method for increasing throughput capacity of a mobile station transmitting a plurality of consecutive bursts to a base station in a communication system is disclosed. The first burst is transmitted using a normal burst format while succeeding consecutive bursts are transmitted using an auxiliary burst format wherein the auxiliary bursts contain larger data fields than normal bursts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling device presenting a capacitance belonging to a board with a printed circuit, where said board (1) consists of several electrically conducting layers (50e, 50g) with electrically isolating layers in between (50eg). A surface extension of a reference potential related layer (50e), an opposite surface extension of a supply voltage related layer (50g) and a chosen distance in between said layers are adapted to form a capacitor function to smooth voltage spikes so that the DC-supply voltage can be constant around circuits (2) mounted on said board even at rapid current variations as said circuits and/or components are activated.

Abstract: A method and a device for conserving power in a battery powered transceiver, the transceiver comprising a transmitter (10) and a receiver (11) having receiving circuits including an input high frequency stage (12), a first mixer (13), and a first local oscillator (14). A transmit control signal is obtained when a transmitter of the transceiver is transmitting, the receiving circuits are biased to full operating level as a response to the transmit control signal, and a bias control signal is generated as a function of the transmit control signal and of a received signal strength indicating signal. At least one of the receiving circuits is then biased to a second level controlled by the bias control signal the receiving circuits comprises at least one transistor (T.sub.1 ;T.sub.2) and a biasing resistor network. A central unit (21) is operatively connected to the resistor network of at least one of the receiving circuits for controlling the biasing level of the transistor (T.sub.1 ;T.sub.2).

Abstract: A method and arrangement for testing circuit boards (60) by creating one or several reference patterns to be compared with a test pattern. The arrangement is provided with at least one measuring probe (50), which cooperates with the circuit board (60), for measuring at least one reference signal or test signal on a reference circuit board and a test circuit board (60) respectively. Further, the arrangement is provided with an analyzer (10,30), which cooperates with the measuring probe (50), to pass on the reference signal or the test signal, whereby the analyzer (10,30) first analyzes the reference signal or the test signal at one frequency and then transforms the reference signal or the test signal to a reference pattern and test pattern respectively. Furthermore, the arrangement is provided with at least one memory (20) which cooperates with said analyzer (10,30) to register said reference pattern or test pattern.

Abstract: A system and method for providing prioritized greetings to subscribers having cellular telephone services based on subscriber location. The system identifies a plurality of service zones in the system, and also transmits predefined services to subscribers when located in the service zones. The system transmits service zone identification information from each service zone to each of the subscribers located in the service zone. The system also transmits to each of the subscribers zone profile information having an associated priority for which the subscriber receives differing predefined services. The system compares subscriber zone profile information with the service zone information transmitted and provides a greeting to the subscriber identifying the predefined service available to the subscriber located in that zone whereby any overlap in zones for which a subscriber receives differing predefined services will result in the greeting relating to higher prioritized zone profile information.

Abstract: Source symbols are encoded for use in a higher level modulator by partitioning the source symbols into a number of classes. This principle is applied in a number of alternative transmitter and receiver embodiments. In one embodiment, a corresponding encoder is provided for each of the classes, and for each class, each of the source symbols is supplied to the corresponding encoder. For each encoder, coded symbols are supplied at an encoder output and the coded symbols are partitioned into a number of levels associated with the corresponding class, wherein at least one of the classes has at least two levels assigned to it. The partitioned coded symbols are then supplied to a mapper that generates amplitude coefficient signals. Corresponding receivers perform inverse operations to those performed by the transmitters.

Abstract: A message distribution arrangement for controlling messages in a communication system comprising a number of nodes. The arrangement has a central distributing unit for routing incoming messages and means for forming a variable local data on structure for arranging data nodes which are able or allowed to send messages, a database for providing the data structure with information on originating nodes, updating means for updating the data structure. An incoming message from a given originating node is examined if any process is running for any message originating from the same node in which case the message is routed to that process. Otherwise a new process is initiated.

Abstract: In a call and connection separated network, a method of providing distribution of resources of a physical network among different logical networks which are using the physical network for establishing connections. All of the physical resources of the physical network are mapped onto a single logical network description that will comprise nodes, trunk groups interconnecting the nodes, and resource pools. The different logical networks are created by routing tables located at each of the nodes. The routing tables are provided with a fixed maximum percentage figure relating to the maximum amount by which an individual logical network is allowed to use a common resource thus distributing the resources between the different logical networks.

Abstract: An arrangement in a mobile telecommunication system which has two or more base stations having transmitting elements which are each arranged to operate with a respective real-time clock and a time-comparing element. A central coordinating unit in the system is arranged to transmit a first time signal to an element arranged in the base station for receiving the first time signal. The first time information is then transferred together with a second time information to the time-comparing element. The second time information is set up by the real-time clock in the transmitting element. The first time information and second time information are placed in relation to one another and, in dependence on the relationship between these and existing criteria, for example delays and the like, the time-comparing element adjusts the real-time clock so that synchronization is carried out.

Abstract: When using asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) in low bit rate applications, such as cellular voice communication, bandwidth utilization is significantly improved by employing decoupling minicells. Decoupling minicells are of predetermined length, such as one octet, and are inserted into the payload of ATM cells when there is a delay in the availability of assigned minicells. As soon as an assigned minicell, which contains actual user data, becomes available, the assigned minicell can be inserted into the payload of the current ATM cell immediately after the last decoupling minicell. Unlike prior methods, there is no need to wait until the next ATM cell to insert an assigned minicell.

Abstract: To minimize the amplitude and spectrum of side bands, beats and harmonics created by changing a transmitter power level between bursts in a GSM TDMA cellular radio communications system, the present invention does not comply with the GSM recommendations by avoiding ramping down to zero power level between time slots. Rather, the transmitter power is ramped between the power value of a previous burst and that of a subsequent burst. In this way, the magnitude or slope of the ramp is minimized and the full time between bursts is available to make power adjustments. A number of embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for controlling an activity mode of a mobile station after the system has originated or terminated a transaction with the mobile station. The activity mode corresponds to whether the mobile station stays "awake" or goes into a sleep mode, which must be made known to the system. If the mobile station does not immediately go to the sleep mode, the base station can expect the mobile station to be reading all slots. If the mobile station is in the sleep mode, the mobile station only reads its assigned paging slots. The mobile station may not go to the sleep mode until a selected amount of activity time has expired; during the activity time, the mobile station continues to read all slots. As a result, the mobile station can immediately receive packets, thereby saving set-up time which increases the response time of the mobile station.

Abstract: A system and method for providing short message service point-to-point extension phone service within a radio telecommunications network. The system includes a gateway mobile switching center (G-MSC), a home location register (HLR), a plurality of mobile switching centers (MSCs), and a plurality of intelligent terminals. The intelligent terminals are assigned to a single common pilot directory number (PDN) in addition to their individual directory numbers. When a call directed to the PDN is received in the G-MSC, the G-MSC sends a routing request message to the HLR. The HLR sends a short message service (SMS) data transmission to each of the plurality of intelligent terminals assigned to the PDN notifying associated mobile subscribers of an incoming extension phone call. Mobile subscribers desiring to accept the call utilize their intelligent terminals to send a responding SMS message back to the HLR.

Abstract: A system for registering a malfunction in telecommunications equipment comprises a protective device including a terminal connector pin and a ground pin connected to ground. The system also includes a housing member for housing the protective device, the housing member including a conductive member attached thereto. A main failsafe switch connects the terminal connector pin to ground through the ground pin in the event of an overvoltage, while an alarm switch connects the conductive member attached to the housing member to ground in the event of the overvoltage. An overvoltage sensitive member contacts both the main failsafe switch and the alarm switch, and retracts both the main failsafe switch and the alarm switch while in a normal operating state of the telecommunications equipment. The overvoltage sensitive member releases both switches in the event of the overvoltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rail assembly adapted for an earth potential related magazine (1) which is constructed to accommodate a plurality of printed circuit boards, circuit boards having circuit components mounted thereon, or printed boards. An electrical contact rail (3b) has a U-shaped cross section wherein a first leg (41) is provided with a row of tongues whose outer parts are bent towards the second leg such as to form a row of electrical contact points (41c) which are intended for electrical coaction with an earth potential related layer on the circuit board, and wherein the bottom rail part (43) extending between the legs is provided with a plurality of mutually sequential contact tongues whose outer parts form a row or electrical contact points which are intended to lie against electrical contact surfaces (1b) belonging to and assigned to the magazine at a chosen contact pressure when the rail assembly is fitted, so as to obtain an earth potential relationship.

Abstract: A packet switching network having a malfunction list is provided to reduce network congestion. According to an exemplary embodiment, each node in the network includes a malfunction list which stores an unavailability value representing a state of unavailability of certain addressees in the network. Before sending a packet to an addressee, the node consults its own malfunction list to determine the unavailability value of the addressee. A packet addressed to an unavailable addressee is selectively returned to the sender by the node rather than travelling through the network to the addressee and back through the network to the sender. Packets can be returned to the sender with a probability proportional to the unavailability value of the addressee so that transmission is gradually resumed after a state of unavailability as the unavailability value decreases over time.