Abstract: An HF mixer stage having a common base circuit comprises an amplifier stage having two amplifier transistors, a switching stage with two transistor pairs each having two emitter-coupled switching transistors, and a switching circuit connected to the switching transistors; the switching transistors of a transistor pair are connected to the collector of the associated amplifier transistor, the bases of the switching transistors are subjected to a heterodyne signal. In accordance with the invention, the two amplifier transistors are of the opposite conductivity type, the emitters of the amplifier transistors are connected to the circuit input, and the two switching transistors of a transistor pair are of the same conductivity type as the associated amplifier transistors.

Abstract: The process disclosed enables the "time domain aliasing cancellation" method to be extended systematically to larger block overlapping. The boundary conditions which, when using various modified transforms, the analysis and synthesis windows must comply with, can thus be given. The transform series must also be included in the design of each analysis and synthesis window in order to optimize for a given application, because this changes the boundry conditions with which an analysis window function can be determined. Design for analysis and synthesis windows have shown that analysis and synthesis properties obtained by multiple block overlapping are significantly better than those obtained by convential double block overlapping. The systematic method of the invention offers numerous possibilites for optimizing windows in special applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to an opto-electronic component having a narrow aperture angle. The conventional design of components transmitting radiation or reacting to radiation and concentrating that radiation with the aid of lenses results, on account of the increasing distance between the lens and the semiconductor chip, in increasing component dimensions in the radiating or detecting direction with an increasingly narrow aperture angle. In accordance with the invention, a parabolic or approximately parabolic reflector is provided that is connected to a support strip supporting the semiconductor chip such that the latter is as close as possible to the focal point of the parabolic or approximately parabolic surface of the reflector. The reflector is preferably connected to the support strip by engaging elements and surrounded by a housing.

Abstract: A trigger procedure for a restraint system for protection of the occupants in a vehicle, where short-time spectral analyses of at least one acceleration component of the vehicle structure are continuously implemented and at least one parameter characteristic for the deformation of the vehicle structure (trigger parameter) is calculated from several spectral components. The calculated trigger parameters are compared with one or more preset threshold values to make a decision on triggering of the restraint system.

Abstract: A method is described for determining the wheel speed during braking of a vehicle having in addition to at least one wheel with speed sensor at least one further wheel without speed sensor and means for determining the braking pressure. For this purpose, the braking operation is subdivided into several time intervals during which the relative value from the braking energy and the kinetic energy of the vehicle are obtained, and the contribution of the wheels without speed sensors to the braking energy is defined during a first time interval. Furthermore, the ratio of the relative value in this time interval to the relative values in further time intervals is formed, and the mean value for the wheel speed of all wheels without speed sensors is ascertained in the further time intervals from the ratio of the relative values.

Abstract: Acceleration sensors in a vehicular safety system with at least two acceleration sensors are stimulated by an electrical or sound excitation so that one of the sensors functions as a body sound transmitter, while the other(s) receive(s) these signals and vice versa. The performance which includes a calibration check, and the coupling to the housing structure are evaluated through a signal processing circuit. The safety system including its output trigger stage, remains switched-on during testing.

Abstract: A method is described for manufacturing semiconductor components with short switching time, having a weakly doped semiconductor area in contact with a PN junction. In order to obtain an inhomogeneous impurity distribution in the axial direction of the semiconductor array, the following process steps are implemented:a) gold impurities are placed in the semiconductor array and homogeneously distributed there in a first diffusion process,b) a layer comprising a 3d transition metal affecting the charge carrier lifetime is deposited onto that surface side of the semiconductor array having a shorter distance from the weakly doped semiconductor area,c) the 3d transition metal is incorporated into the semiconductor array by a second diffusion process and is inhomogeneously distributed there, such that an impurity surplus is generated in a partial area of the weakly doped semiconductor area in the vicinity of the PN junction.

Abstract: A method of transmitting an analog signal including the steps of converting the analog signal into a digital signal and using windows to subdivide the digital signal into successive blocks. The blocks are evaluated for level changes, and when a level change is below a predetermined level the blocks are overlapped by 50%. The signal segments within the blocks assessed using analysis windows. The signal segments are transformed using subsampling and time domain aliasing cancellation to compensate for aliasing components. The signal segments are inverse transformed and assessed using synthesis windows. The blocks are rejoined in overlapping fashion. When the level change is above the predetermined level the signals are subdivided into blocks and the blocks are overlapped by less than 50%, or not overlapped at all. The signal segments are fully scanned, compressed and transformed. The signal segments are finally inverse transformed and expanded.

Abstract: In order to compatibly transmit teletext data in the form of special characters, fine textures and color hues at higher WST levels, complementary data in the form of one or more associated complementary pages are transmitted for each page of teletext by the broadcaster in addition to the basic teletext data of conventionally structured teletext pages (level 1). The complementary data for some or all teletext pages are transmitted preferably in at least one complementary page. In the receiver, the complementary page(s) associated with a selected teletext page are temporarily stored separately from the corresponding teletext page(s) and processed so that the characters associated with the basic data are displayed in those character positions where there is no complementary data present. The characters associated with the basic data in cooperation with the complementary data are displayed in those character positions where complementary data is present.

Abstract: A charging method for storage batteries, in particular for NiCd and NiH cells. In accordance with the invention, the charging operation is cyclically interrupted for the purpose of measuring the charging voltage. During these measurement intervals, the charging voltage is cyclically compared with a reference value. If the value of the actual charging voltage is greater than this reference value, the latter is increased by a certain amount to match it to the actual value of the charging voltage and then stored. By contrast, the number of measurement cycles is counted in which the value of the measured charging voltage is consecutively equal to or less than the maximum stored reference value. Finally, the charging current source is switched off or the charging current is reduced at a preset counter reading. As a result, maximum utilization of the available effective capacity together with extensive protection against overcharging is achieved.

Abstract: A semiconductor assembly with a metal frame configuration is described, having a semiconductor component (HL) on a carrier section (T) of a ground strip section (M). The ground strip segment has an extension section (V) with which it is extended beyond said carrier section and is both folded over in relation to said carrier section and of sufficient length that it covers said semiconductor component in order to shield it electromagnetically.In this assembly, the ground strip section has a multiple function. It is used not only for carrying and contacting of electrical components, but also acts at the same time as electromagnetic shielding for a semiconductor component, for example for the radiation detector of a remote control reception module.

Abstract: A method for operation of a radio-controlled clock comprising a quartz-controlled clock synchronized by a time signal receiver with a time signal via a signal processor. In a common array with an additional device, such as a computer or television set, reception of the time signal is generally largely prevented by the interference effect of the additional device. In the method in accordance with the invention, the quartz-controlled clock is therefore synchronized with the time signal solely when the additional device is no longer generating an interference field. For this purpose, a detector is provided that recognizes the operating state of the additional device and permits synchronization of the quartz-controlled clock with the time signal only when the additional device is not generating an interference field, or if so only a reduced one. Furthermore, a radio-controlled clock is described that is suitable for operation by the method in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: A method is described for determining brake coefficients, which define the relationship between the brake pressure and the brake force at a wheel or axle of a motor vehicle or of a section of a vehicle combination during the braking operation of the vehicle or vehicle combination. During the braking operation of vehicle, the wheel speed and the brake pressure are determined measurement/time intervals with differing brake pressure distribution between the wheels, axles or vehicle sections are formed, in which the equilibrium of forces between the brake force and the force of inertia of the motor vehicle is obtained.

Abstract: A circuit array, adapted to be coupled to a load and a source of a main AC voltage, for reverse phase angle control whereby a current flow in the load is limited to a defined phase angle (.alpha.) of the main AC voltage, comprising the following components for sequential control of the reverse phase angle control: a switching element, connected to the load and coupled to the source of the main AC voltage, for actuating the current flow in the load; a time determining component; and an integrated circuit.

Abstract: A circuit is described for monitoring of loads having measuring resistors in the load circuit. The circuit evaluates the measuring voltage drops obtained at the measuring resistors. The circuit comprises at least one comparator stage made up of a reference current section and a comparator section. A temperature-dependent reference current is formed in the reference current section and supplied to the comparator section, with the temperature-dependent reference current comprising a voltage-independent component and a voltage-dependent component. The comparator section comprises one or more input branches, corresponding comparator branches, and a reference branch. The comparator branch compares the reference current flowing in the reference branch with the input currents flowing in the input branches and representing a measure for the measuring voltage drops obtained at the measuring resistors and applied to the inputs of the comparator stages.

Abstract: In a method of transmitting digitally coded information in a television sound channel, the digitally coded information is inserted on an existing frequency-modulated RF sound carrier as a channel-coded signal above the television audio-frequency base spectrum in the base band. The modulation amplitude is selected so that disturbances during reproduction of the television sound are excluded in the receiver. The spectrum of the channel-coded signal is evenly distributed over the available frequency range using a pseudo-signal during modulation intervals. The clock frequency of the channel-coded signal is coupled with the line frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a thin solar cell having a substantially planar body comprising a first layer which includes at least one photoactive semiconductor layer. This first layer has a frontal light entrance face, a rear face, and side edge face. A second layer comprising an electrically conductive grid-shaped front contact and an anti-reflection layer is located on the frontal light entrance face. A third layer comprising a front cover glass is fastened substantially adjacent the anti-reflection layer and the front grid-shaped contact. A fourth layer, comprising an electrically conductive rear conductive contact, is located on the rear face of the first layer. Spaced apart from the first layer are two electrically interconnection pads. Each pad has a face suitable for an electrical interconnection.

Abstract: In an electronic assembly whose components or circuit components are combined into at least two sub-assemblies or function units, one or more of the sub-assemblies or function units are disposed on a first substrate comprising a first substrate material. The first substrate is in its turn disposed with one or more further sub-assemblies or function units on a second substrate comprising a second substrate material.

Abstract: According to the invention, an antenna curtain, particularly a dipole curtain of an antenna in the decametric wave range is formed of a plurality of cables. Radiators are provided arranged essentially in a vertical plane, defining a radiator plane, in a plurality of rows located one atop another and in one column or in a plurality of columns next to one another. A line system device is provided for feeding the radiators of each column through conductive lines. A single catenary is provided to provide sufficient tension for the vertical or slightly inclined lines of the line system. An approximately horizontal spreader is arranged above each of the columns essentially perpendicularly to the radiator plane. The horizontal spreader is positioned beneath the catenary and above the topmost radiator, preferably spaced a small distance in height above the topmost radiator.

Abstract: in a semiconductor array having a tetrode integrated in a semiconductor element, the tetrode comprises two field-effect transistors having a common semiconductor area forming the drain electrode of the first field-effect transistor and the source electrode of the second field-effect transistor. The semiconductor array has a three-pole array integrated in the semiconductor element and functioning as a feedback element, the input of the array is connected to the common semiconductor area of the tetrode. The output of the three-pole array is connected to the semiconductor area forming the gate electrode of the first field-effect transistor of the tetrode.