Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and arrangement for speech to text conversion. A string of phonemes is identified from a given input speech. The different phonemes are identified and are joined together to form words and phrases/sentences. The words are checked lexically, any words which are not found in the language concerned being excluded. The phrases/sentences are checked syntactically, any word combinations which do not occur in the language concerned being excluded. A model of the speech is obtained by the process. The intonation patterns of the model and of the input speech are determined, and compared, the words and phrases/sentences of the model, whose intonation patterns do not correspond with those of the input speech, are excluded from the model. A representation of the words, and/or word combinations, which best corresponds with the input speech is then provided, preferably in the providing in the form of a print out of the related text.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and arrangement for transforming phonemes over a shorter or longer time than an existing phoneme. The transformation takes place asymmetrically in that a basic phoneme is divided into a number of points, the said points being identified with respect to information-carrying elements in the phoneme. This provides a weighting in the phoneme between information-carrying elements and elements carrying less information. The parts of the phoneme which elements carrying less information are transformed over a longer or, respectively, shorter time interval. Elements in the phoneme which represent information-carrying parts are transferred unchanged in time. This provides a transformation of the phoneme which retains its original character in all essentials.By the parts of the phoneme carrying less information being identified, the invention also provides an indication of where different phonemes can be fitted into one another in the creation of artificial speech.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for synchronization in OFDM modulation. Frequency errors of an IF clock and a sampling clock are controlled by estimating the deviation of the sampling clock and, respectively, the IF clock for two subcarriers with different frequencies. According to the invention, the frequencies are chosen symmetrically around zero and the absolute phase errors are detected for both subcarriers. Timing errors and phase errors are formed from the absolute phase errors in order to generate two control signals. The first control signal is formed from the deviation of the sampling clock and the timing error for controlling the sampling clock while the second control signal is formed from the deviation of the IF clock and the phase error for controlling the IF clock.

Abstract: A procedure and devices for distribution and reception of a wavelength reference in optical multichannel networks. A wavelength reference unit transmits a wavelength reference signal to at least one node which has a transmitter laser which needs a wavelength reference. The wavelength reference signal includes a carrier, the wavelength of which is varied continuously within a wavelength band and the carrier is modulated with a signal making a relationship between the momentary wavelength of the carrier and the modulating signal. The node compares the wavelength of its transmitter laser with the carrier and with a correct wavelength to which the node shall be stabilized, thus a relationship is obtained between the wavelength of the transmitter laser and the correct wavelength. The transmitter laser is controlled depending on the obtained relationship.

Abstract: A method and device for recognizing dialectal variations in a language. From an incoming speech is on one hand a speech recognition procedure being performed, and on the other hand the fundamental tone curve being extracted. Out of the speech recognition is created an allophone string which together with the fundamental tone curve is used for the detecting of the maximun and minimum values of the fundamental tone. The recognized speech is compared with a lexicon with orthography and transcription for the finding of suitable word candidates. The found word candidates are further analyzed regarding syntax. This in mentioned way found syntactical and lexical information is used for creating a model of the speech. The fundamental tone outline of the model and the fundamental tone of the speech are compared, at which the maximun and minimum values of the fundamental tones are appointed and a difference between the model and the speech are obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for dynamic allocation of multiple carrier wave channels for multiple access by frequency division multiplexing. the invention provides a number of mobile units with the possibility of flexible data speed and continuous transmission. On the fixed side, the number of transmitters and receivers can be minimized by utilizing broadband receivers which serve a number of mobiles. According to the invention, a wider frequency band is divided into a number of subbands with a modulated carrier wave in each subband. To vary the transmission speed, such a number of subbands is allocated as is needed by each user in order to cover the data clock requirement. Broadband transmitters/receivers handle the transmission over the entire accessible band. Oversampling is preferably carried out in the frequency demultiplexing in order to permit the best sampling time to be selected for the different frequency gaps (FIG. 2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and arrangement for determining stresses in a spoken sequence. From a sequence recognized in the spoken speech, a model of the speech is created. By comparing the spoken sequence with the modelled speech, a difference between them is obtained. The difference is utilized partly for correcting the modelled speech and partly for determining stresses in the spoken sequence. After having determined the stresses in the speech, it is possible to determine the meaning of individual words and sentences in an unambiguous manner. This is then utilized in different contexts, for example when translating a first language to a second language whilst retaining meaning and intonation. The invention can also be used in verbal man-to-machine communication.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for evaluating speech quality in speech synthesizers with the aid of a speech recognition system. The recognition system is programmed using a number of persons. It then receives synthetic or natural speech from speech synthesizers or persons respectively, displaying differing speech quality. The speech recognition system determines a level of recognition for each received speech quality. In order to evaluate the speech quality in a speech synthesizer, speech is received from the synthesizer by the speech recognition system, is allocated a level of recognition and is ranked in comparison to the levels of recognition for previously received speech.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for synchronization of transmitters and receivers in digital transmission systems of the OFDM type. The system uses FFT technique to carry out the modulation and demodulation procedures. According to the invention, the transmitter sends synchronization frames with known frequencies and phase positions and with known time intervals in certain time slots. The receiver carries out a series of time-shifted FFT operations over the time position where the synchronization frame is calculated to be. For each operation, a cross-correlation is carried out in the frequency plane of the output signal with the known frequency function of the synchronization frame. The correlation maximum is detected, and this determines the time slot which contains the synchronization frame, whereupon this is used as time base for the following data frames.

Abstract: Communication and positioning device for guidance installation for guiding mobile units on a track system. The positioning is carried out with great accuracy. Base stations placed along the track system are used for communication and positioning. Communication between the mobile units and base stations is carried out by way of a mobile radio system (DECT). Positioning is established by means of positioning equipment included in the mobile unit. On passage of a mobile unit past a base station, the positioning equipment of the mobile unit is updated with the aid of reference positioning equipment. This updating is carried out by way of a mobile radio system.

Abstract: On initiation of a value transaction, a card can be utilized which can be read by a card-reading equipment which provides information and/or means or cash in dependence on the initiation. An adapter can be applied or allocated to the card, which adapter is applicable in the card-reading equipment in a corresponding manner to the card. The adapter is arranged to provide an indication of whether or not the card-reading equipment is authentic and/or has the authority to service the card in question.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for trying out in advance prerequisites for introducing new services in a telecommunications system. A base system is described by a specification language, a new service is described by the specification language as separate supplement to the base system description. The base system description and supplement are linked together to form a description of the total resultant system. The total system is then analysed, for example by a reachability analysis. The invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method. The invention solves the technical problem of identifying problems of an interservice interference type with respect to specific services at an earlier stage.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for semipermanent storage of a service profile in personal communication systems. A service profile which defines the services accessible to the user is tied to each user in the system. The service profiles are stored permanently in the home database of the respective user. To reduce signalling in the network, parts of the permanent service profiles are copied in order to be stored semipermanently in other databases according to the disclosed method. Enquiries relating to an answering user are tracked by the database unit in the home network part of the answering user in order to detect the geographic position of the network nodes which originate the enquiries and the respective enquiry intensity. Information from the service profile of a respective answering subscriber is copied and sent to the database unit which is located closest to the enquiring node when the enquiry intensity has reached a certain value from one and the same node.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for locating mobile stations in a digital telecommunication network, especially the GSM network. According to the invention, reference measurements are carried out on relevant traffic routes with the aid of a measuring mobile in order to provide position information related to measured signals. With the aid of these reference data and the position information, an adaptive neural network is trained, which network, with the aid of corresponding measurement data which are transmitted from the mobile station to a respective base station, carries out the localization of the mobile station. Use of the adaptive neural network provides a more accurate position determination than earlier systems which were only based on the TA (timing advance) value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement in mobile telecommunications systems comprising, on the one hand, one or more cells operating with channels/frequencies, which cells belong to one or more base stations, and, on the other, one or more first and second mobile units, for producing one or more first representations of traffic intensity within one or more geographic areas. One or more second mobile units are provided with elements for measuring and evaluating signal strength. The measurements are carried out at a number of geographic positions on transmission from one or more first mobile units to a base station. In those cases where the signal strength exceeds a predetermined value, this value is stored, together with information on frequencies and geographic positions. One or more second representations of the traffic intensity in a respective geographic position are established in dependence on the number of stored values which have been obtained when measuring at the geographic positions.

Abstract: A communication method and system for securely communicating between a first station and a second station over an optical link. Information is transmitted from the first station in a pulse position modulation (PPM) form which has a high proportion of noise in order to reduce a possibility of unauthorized tapping of the signal from the optical link. The transmitted information may contain error coding so that the receiver can detect if an error occurred in transmission. If an error is detected, the second station can request the first station to retransmit the erroneously received information.

Abstract: An arrangement for improved speech comprehension in artificial translation of one language to a second language. The arrangement comprises an analysis unit which carries out an analysis of duration and fundamental tone of the speech in the first language. A prosody-interpreting unit determines, on the basis of the analysis and language-characteristic information, prosody-dependent information in the first speech which is used by a prosody-generating unit for the second language for controlling the speech synthesis. A speech synthesis element thus produces stresses in the speech translated in the second language which, from a language point of view, correspond to stresses in the first language.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical network with a number of nodes. Information is transmitted and, respectively, received in the nodes. The information is transmitted over a number of frequencies. Receiving and, respectively, transmitting of frequencies in the nodes is variable. The information is only converted to electrical signals in those nodes where the information is retrieved. Optical signals are amplified and distributed in the network via optical splitters and amplifiers. The capacity in the network can be redistributed depending on the capacity requirement in different parts of the network.