Abstract: Vinyl chloride is removed from polyvinyl chloride dispersions and latexes by adding to them from 2% to 8% by weight of a polar water-soluble organic compound that has a boiling point between about 50.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. and sparging the resulting mixtures with a gas, such as nitrogen, while they are maintained at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride is removed from polyvinyl chloride dispersions, latexes, and slurries by sparging them with an inorganic gas, such as air or ammonia, while they are maintained at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride is removed from polyvinyl chloride dispersions, latexes, and slurries by sparging them with a gaseous organic compound, such as methane, while they are maintained at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A colored rigid thermoplastic resin composition is prepared by incorporating in a rigid thermoplastic resin composition a non-plasticizing liquid pigment dispersion that contains(a) 5% to 80% by weight of at least one pigment, and(b) 20% to 95% by weight of an unsaturated polyester vehicle that comprises(1) 50% to 100% by weight of an unsaturated polyester that is the product of the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid component that contains 80-90 mole percent of an unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 8 carbon atoms and 10-20 mole percent of a saturated aromatic dicarboxylic acid and an alcohol component that contains 40-60 mole percent of a glycol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and 40-60 mole percent of a monohydric alcohol having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, in the amount of 0.4-0.6 mole of the dicarboxylic acid component per mole of the alcohol component, and(2) 0 to 50% by weight of an unsaturated monomer capable of reacting with the unsaturated polyester to form cross-linkages.

Abstract: Fragrance-emitting articles comprising a polyurethane foam containing a particulate filler and a fragrance material, and a method of making such articles, are disclosed. The method includes the essential steps of pre-mixing particulate filler and fragrance and dispersing the pre-mix in a liquid polyol, before adding the other reaction mixture components, and provides a polyurethane foam having a controlled rate of release of the fragrance.

Abstract: A sizing agent for use in paper-making comprises an aqueous emulsion of at least one compound of the formulae ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 represents a hydrophobic group selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl or aralkenyl groups, where the R.sup.1 groups in either formula may be the same or different and together they contain from 25 to 60 carbon atoms. The sizing agent can be used for either internal or surface sizing, and is effective in the absence of, or in the presence of, a retention aid.

Abstract: The discoloration of polyvinyl chloride that usually occurs when a slurry containing this polymer is heated at a temperature above 70.degree. C. to reduce its monomer content to less than 10 ppm is minimized or prevented by carrying out the heating step in the presence of an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Dry particulate vinyl chloride homopolymer and copolymers, and dry particulate compositions containing major proportions of these polymers, having 2 parts or less per million of vinyl chloride monomer are provided. The vinyl chloride monomer can be so low as to be undetectable. The reduction in monomer content is achieved by subjecting the dry polymer particles to elevated temperature, agitation, and subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new construction for upholstered seat cushions and backs for chairs and sofas, for throw pillows and the like, wherein a resilient, flexible foam material such as polyurethane foam or latex foam rubber, having a convoluted front and rear surface is provided with a wrapping of a batt or web of a very soft and resilient non-woven fibrous material prior to being covered in the conventional manner with a fabric.

Abstract: Improved iodine-containing compositions suitable for use in combating bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeasts, and other undesirable micro-organisms are provided by the use of certain tertiary amine oxides as solubilizers or co-solubilizers for iodine. The compositions may also comprise surfactants, iodides, acids, and liquid media. The compositions are stable and effective, and may be low-foaming.

Abstract: A sizing agent for use in paper-making comprises an aqueous emulsion of at least one compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein x is an integer from 5 to 16 inclusive. The sizing agent can be used for either internal of surface sizing; and is effective in the absence of, or in the presence of, a retention aid.

Abstract: The microbicidal activity of iodophors is enhanced by the inclusion therein of certain alkyl and alkoxyalkyl tertiary amine oxides. The presence of the tertiary amine oxides also enhances the retention of the amount of available iodine during storage. The improved iodophors are useful as disinfectants for surfaces, tools, and utensils, and as surgical scrubs.

Abstract: Organic phosphates are prepared in good yields by contacting the corresponding organic phosphites with nitric acid in the amount of at least 0.40 mole of nitric acid per mole of phosphite at a temperature in the range of 0.degree. to 60.degree. C.

Abstract: Organic phosphates are prepared in good yields by contacting the corresponding organic phosphite with an oxygen-containing gas that is preferably oxygen in the presence of a catalyst that comprises nitrogen dioxide in amounts that will provide at least 0.40 mole of oxygen and from 0.01 mole to 0.25 mole of nitrogen dioxide catalyst per mole of phosphite at a temperature in the range of -30.degree. C. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Filled detergent hydrophilic flexible polyurethane foams having a reduced and controlled rate of release of detergent from the foam are provided.

Abstract: The discoloration that vinyl chloride resins usually undergo when a slurry containing one of these resins is heated at a temperature above 70.degree. C. to reduce its monomer content to less than 10 ppm is minimized or prevented by carrying out the heating step in the presence of a monomer-miscible color stabilizer that comprises an epoxide and an organic peroxide.

Abstract: Heat exchangers and other equipment whose surfaces have become fouled with sludge deposits that comprise a cuprous halide are cleaned by contacting the fouled surfaces of the equipment with a cleaning solution that contains 5% to 35% by weight of an alkyl aluminum halide in a hydrocarbon solution and then washing the surfaces with a hydrocarbon solvent to remove loosened sludge and residual cleaning solution.

Abstract: Finely divided carbon is manufactured by a process including producing a gaseous stream containing carbon monoxide by reacting coal and air in a slagging ash gasifier, separating carbon monoxide from the gaseous mixture, and disproportionating the carbon monoxide to produce finely divided carbon and carbon dioxide, the latter of which is recycled to the gasifier.

Abstract: Heat exchangers and other equipment whose surfaces have become fouled with sludge deposits during the use of the equipment in the removal of carbon monoxide, lower olefins, or other complexible ligands from gas streams with a liquid sorbent that comprises a cuprous aluminum tetrahalide and an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent are cleaned by contacting the fouled surfaces of the equipment with an aqueous ammonium chloride solution to dissolve and/or loosen substantially all of the deposited sludge, washing the surfaces with water to remove loosened sludge and residual cleaning solution, and drying them.

Abstract: Solutions of overbased manganese salts of organic acids that contain from 20% to 28% by weight of manganese are prepared by(a) carbonating a reaction mixture that contains excess manganous oxide, an organic acid, a promoter, a copromoter, a solvent system, and 0.3% to 0.8% by weight of water, based on the weight of the solvent system, at a temperature in the range of 50.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. at a pressure in the range of 1 atmosphere to 10 atmospheres, thereby forming a solution of overbased manganese salt that contains 2% to 10% by weight of manganese, and(b) heating said solution under subatmospheric pressure to separate a distillate from a residue that is a solution of overbased manganese salt that contains 20% to 28% by weight of manganese.