Abstract: 1,1,2,3,4,4-Hexabromobutene 2 is used to impart flame-retardance to polyolefins and other thermoplastic organic polymers that are normally susceptible to burning.

Abstract: Substituted indazoles that have the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X represents halogen, trihalomethyl, nitro, --SO.sub.2 R, cyano, acoyl, acoylamino, aroylamino, or --COOR'; R represents hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylamino, phenyl, or substituted phenyl; R' represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl; and n represents a number in the range of 1 to 4 are prepared by the direct nitrosation of the corresponding 2-methylacetanilide with an alkali metal nitrite or alkaline earth metal nitrite under conditions of controlled acidity in the presence of a dehydrating agent at a temperature in the range of 50.degree.-120.degree. C.

Abstract: Liquid sorbents that are solutions in an aromatic hydrocarbon or a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon of a bimetallic salt complex having the generic formula M.sub.I M.sub.II X.sub.n .multidot.Aromatic, wherein M.sub.I is a Group I-B metal, M.sub.II is a Group III-A metal, X is halogen, n is the sum of the valences of M.sub.I and M.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a polyurethane foam of increased rigidity.The invention is provided by impregnating a flexible polyurethane foam with a thermosetting melamine, urea or benzoguanamine resin and a cross-linker, and then reacting the resin with the cross-linker.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for directing a fluid spray against the interior surfaces of a reaction vessel, without the need for operating personnel to enter the vessel, employing orbiting nozzles connected by a conduit to an annular piston assembly all of which are contained in a cylinder housing mounted externally on the vessel. A hydraulic or pneumatic force is alternately applied to one of the piston surfaces, the rate and direction of movement of the piston, and hence the spray nozzles being controlled by the discharge of fluid from the cylinder housing on the opposite side of the piston. In one embodiment the hydraulic pressure used to drive the piston is provided by the same pressurized fluid which is used in the spraying operation.

Abstract: Metal salts of organic acids are produced rapidly and efficiently by subjecting a reaction mixture that contains a metal oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate, an organic acid that has a melting point above 20.degree. C., and a small amount of water to vigorous agitation in an apparatus having attrition and shearing action at a temperature that is below the melting point of the organic acid and below the melting point of the metal salt that is being produced until substantially all of the organic acid has reacted.

Abstract: Vinyl halide resin compositions that are characterized by excellent early color and color hold, excellent long term heat and light stability, and good processability contain a liquid stabilizer system that comprisesA. 40% to 90% by weight of an organotin ethanol mercaptide having the structural formula ##STR1## WHEREIN EACH R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R' represents --SCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, --SCH.sub.2 COOR", or --SR",R" represents an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,a, b, m, and n each represents 1 or 2,X represents 0 or 1,When X is 0, m + n + b = 4, andWhen X is 1, m + n = 3 and a + b = 3;B. 10% to 60% by weight of a liquid alcohol component comprising a glycol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; andC. 0.1% to 1% by weight of an alkyl acid phosphate.

Abstract: Vinyl halide polymers of relatively low molecular weight are obtained when a monomer component comprising a vinyl halide is polymerized in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator and a molecular weight regulating agent that is a polybromobutene, such as 1,1,2,4-tetrabromobutene-2. The products have low melt viscosity and excellent fusion characteristics that make them valuable in molding, extrusion, and coating applications.

Abstract: Flexible, substantially nonlustrous, open-celled polyurethane foam made by an in situ process is rendered permanently flame-retardant by the incorporation of tribromoneopentyl alcohol into the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Vinyl halide polymers of relatively low molecular weight result when a monomer component that comprises a vinyl halide is polymerized in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator and a molecular weight regulating agent that is an alkylene bis-(mercaptoalkanoate), such as ethylene bis-(mercaptoacetate).

Abstract: Flame-retardant resinous compositions comprise an organic polymer and a phosphate that has the structural formula ##STR1## wherein each X represents bromine or chlorine; R represents haloalkyl having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 bromine and/or chlorine atoms, phenyl, or trihaloneopentyl; and R' represents haloalkyl having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 bromine and/or chlorine atoms.

Abstract: Vinyl halide resin compositions that are characterized by excellent early color, clarity, color retention, and processability contain a stabilizer system that comprises a mono-organotin tris(alkyl mercaptide), a mercaptoalcohol, and an organotin sulfide.

Abstract: A process for the removal of mercury from aqueous solutions that have dissolved therein mercuric salts, organomercury compounds, or mixtures thereof comprises (a) contacting the solutions with an amount of hypophosphorus acid, phosphorous acid, or a water-soluble salt of hypophosphorus acid or phosphorous acid that is sufficient to reduce the mercuric and organomercuric ions in the solution to mercury and (b) separating the precipitated mercury from the solution.

Abstract: Halogenated aromatic carboxylic acids are prepared in high yield by the liquid phase oxidation of halogenated alkylbenzenes in the presence of a heavy metal oxidation catalyst and a vicinal epoxide having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Surface-coating compositions that comprise an oxidizable organic film-forming resinous vehicle containing from 0.5% to 5.0%, based on vehicle solids, of a loss-of-dry inhibitor that is a suspension of finely divided calcium hydroxide in a solution containing at least one calcium salt of a branched-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a mixture of these acids.

Abstract: Dichlorotoluene that contains at least 55 percent of 2,5-dichlorotoluene is prepared by contacting ortho-chlorotoluene with chlorine in the presence of a chlorination catalyst that is either a metal sulfide or a mixture of a ring-chlorination catalyst and a co-catalyst that is a sulfur compound to form a reaction mixture containing ortho-chlorotoluene, dichlorotoluene, and trichlorotoluene and separating dichlorotoluene from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Monochlorotoluene that contains at least 45 percent of para-chlorotoluene is prepared by contacting toluene with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst system that contains a ferrocene compound and a sulfur compound.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride is removed from latex that contain polyvinyl chloride by subjecting a fine spray of minute droplets of the latex to vacuum until the monomer content of the latex has been substantially reduced.

Abstract: Dichlorotoluene that contains at least 35 percent of 3,4-dichlorotoluene is prepared by contacting para-chlorotoluene with chlorine in the presence of a chlorination catalyst that is either a metal sulfide or a mixture of a ring-chlorination catalyst and a co-catalyst that is a sulfur compound to form a reaction mixture containing para-chlorotoluene, dichlorotoluene, and trichlorotoluene and separating dichlorotoluene from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Biocidal compositions useful in controlling the growth of bacteria and fungi in aqueous surface coatings are aqueous solutions that contain from 20 percent to 80 percent by weight of bicyclic polyoxymethyleneoxazolidines having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein each R represents hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, halophenyl, or --(CH.sub.2 O).sub.m CH.sub.2 OH; m represents a number in the range of 0 to 2; and n represents a number in the range of 1 to 4.