Abstract: The soot-water dispersion that is produced by quenching and/or scrubbing the raw effluent gas stream from a partial oxidation gas generator in a gas quench cooling and/or scrubbing zone is resolved in a decanter using two different liquid organic extractants. Advantageously, liquid organic by-products from an oxo or oxyl process which may contain harmful water soluble constituents may be used as a major portion of the liquid organic extractant. The dispersion of soot and co-extractants that is produced may be safely disposed of as a portion of the feed to the gas generator without polluting the environment. A novel vertical decanter is provided comprising a vertical cylindrical vessel with separate inner and outer coaxial concentric conduits that pass down through the central axial flanged inlet in the upper head of the vessel. The mixture of soot-water dispersion and first liquid organic extractant i.e.

Abstract: A high temperature multipurpose grease is prepared from the lithium soap of a C.sub.12 to C.sub.24 hydroxy fatty acid, (e.g. 12-hydroxy stearic acid) and a dilithium soap of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.12 dicarboxylic acid, (e.g. dilithium azelate) wherein the acid mole ratios range from 3:1 to 0.5:1 respectively under carefully controlled processing conditions including controlled alkali addition and one step heating.

Abstract: A process is provided for the partial oxidation of a high metals or ash containing liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel or a slurry of solid carbonaceous fuel to simultaneously produce saturated and unsaturated raw streams of synthesis gas, reducing gas, or fuel gas. Two continuous partial oxidation reactions in two separate reaction zones go on simultaneously. The fuel feed to the first partial oxidation zone is said fresh high metals or ash containing fuel. The raw product gas stream from the first partial oxidation zone is split into first and second split gas streams. The first split gas stream may be cooled in a radiant and/or convection type gas cooler without fouling heat exchange surfaces. The fuel feed to the second partial oxidation zone is a pumpable slurry which is prepared from the entrained matter that is separated from said gas streams during quench cooling and cleaning operations and which contains a comparatively high amount of metals and/or ash.

Abstract: In the combination of a high temperature combustion chamber which has a burner at the top, there is a radiant energy conduit that is associated with the burner so as to receive radiant energy from the interior of the combustion chamber. The burner introduces the constituents of a synthesis gas generation process. The radiant energy conduit is cooled by its association with the burner, and its purpose is for making temperature measurements inside the chamber.

Abstract: This invention concerns the improved preparation of alkanol and glycol esters, such as ethylene glycol diesters, by reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising ruthenium and a quaternary aryl or alkaryl phosphonium salt and a liquid phase medium containing a carboxylic acid co-reactant.

Abstract: Synthesis gas prepared from ash-containing carbonaceous fuel is passed to a water-containing contact zone wherein the ash is collected in a lower settling portion of the contact zone prior to passage through a valved passageway and thence to a lock hopper during a valve-open period, flow of said ash being augmented by intermittent positive flow of water during the time said valve is open, through said valve from said settling zone to said lock hopper whereby more positive flow of ash is obtained (when compared to that obtained by use of continuous flow of water from the lock hopper) with substantially decreased heat loss.

Abstract: Low ash pelleted carbon is prepared by contacting pelleted carbon first with hydrochloric acid followed by leaching with hydrofluoric acid.

Abstract: Carbon content of vent and purge gases from hydrotreating is included as charge to synthesis gas generation with resulting efficiencies including decreased need for steam moderation and increased conversion of charge to desired product.

Abstract: Coal or similar solid carbonaceous fuels are liquefied by catalytic hydrogenation of coal-liquid hydrocarbon oil slurries with a hydrogen-rich gas. Both the liquid hydrocarbon slurrying oil and the hydrogen-rich gas are derived in the process. Noxious hydrogen-containing purge and vent gases and optionally high ash-containing bottoms from a vacuum fractionator are used as feed to a partial oxidation gas generator to produce synthesis gas from which the hydrogen-rich gas is derived.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously producing a 2-(2-aminoalkoxy)alkanol compound and a morpholine compound is disclosed wherein an oxydialkanol is contacted with ammonia in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of from about 190.degree. C. to about 230.degree. C. and at a pressure ranging from about 700 psig to about 2200 psig, said oxydialkanol having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is, independently, a hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical; and recovering said 2-(2-aminoalkoxy)alkanol compound and said morpholine compound from the resulting reaction mixture.

Abstract: A synthesis gas generator includes in a preferred embodiment a quench portion wherein product gas is passed downwardly through a first contacting zone in contact with a downwardly descending film of cooling liquid, then preferably at a decreasing velocity through an expanded second contacting zone, and then through a body of aqueous cooling liquid in a third contacting zone, preferably followed by a baffled vapor-liquid disengaging zone prior to withdrawal of product gas from said generator.

Abstract: A novel vertical decanter is provided comprising a vertical cylindrical vessel with separate inner and outer coaxial concentric conduits that pass down through the central axial flanged inlet in the upper head of the vessel. The mixture of soot-water dispersion and first liquid organic extractant i.e. naphtha is passed through the inner conduit and is discharged through a first horizontal radial nozzle located below the interface level. Simultaneously, the second liquid organic extractant i.e. liquid organic by-products from an oxo or oxyl process is passed through the annular passage between the inner and outer conduits and is discharged through a second horizontal radial nozzle located above the interface level. Adjusting means are provided to vary the discharge height of the second horizontal radial nozzle, up or down should there be a change in location of the interface level.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon fuel containing high metal concentrations and all of the soot which is rich in metals that is produced in the system, are feedstocks in a partial oxidation process for the simultaneous continuous production of two streams of cleaned, raw synthesis gas having high and low H.sub.2 O/dry gas mole ratios, respectively. In the process, all of the stream of hot, raw synthesis gas containing entrained particulate carbon and ash that is produced in a first gas generator is quench cooled and scrubbed with water in a quench tank. Simultaneously, split streams of hot raw synthesis gas containing entrained particulate carbon and ash are produced in a second gas generator. One split gas stream is quench cooled and scrubbed with water in a quench tank while the other split gas stream is simultaneously cooled in a convection-type gas cooler and then scrubbed with water.

Abstract: Hot synthesis gas is cooled and deashed by passage through first zone in contact with a downwardly descending film of cooling liquid, a second zone in contact with a spray of cooling liquid, a third zone in contact with a body of cooling liquid, and a fourth zone in contact with a spray of cooling liquid--at least a portion of the cooling liquid to the first zone preferably being recycled cooling liquid from which at least a portion of the solids contained therein has been removed.

Abstract: Method and/or system for removing liquid slag from a pressurized gasifier. Hot liquid slag is quenched in a quenching medium such as water. The quenched and solidified slag is crushed to a maximum particle size. The crushed slag and quenching medium are alternatively connected to opposite ends of a floating piston while the other end is connected to an outlet for disposal of the slag. The crushed slag and quenching medium are subjected to the gasifier pressure so that the piston acts to forceably eject the mixture through the outlet.

Abstract: A method for disposing of a halogenated organic material includes the steps of partially oxidizing the halogenated organic material, a hydrocarbonaceous material, and a nitrogen compound with a free-oxygen containing gas and optionally with a temperature moderator in a synthesis gas generator under partial oxidation conditions. The partial oxidation produces a synthesis gas containing, among others, hydrogen halide and ammonia. The synthesis gas is then contacted with a quench medium which dissolves the hydrogen halide into the quench medium. The hydrogen halide and quench medium can be disposed of by the addition of a base to form a readily disposed metal salt of the halide.

Abstract: Hot gases containing ash and char which pass through an undesirable viscous, sticky phase on cooling through an intermediate temperature range, are cooled in a first cooling zone including a falling film of cooling liquid and a spray of cooling liquid followed by contact with a body of cooling liquid and subsequent mixing therewith.

Abstract: A process for the removal of slag and other residual solid material from a coal gasification process as a suspension in water free from noxious gases normally associated therewith wherein water is drawn off from the quench section of a coal gasifier with the slag into lock hopper and is displaced by introducing cold fresh water into the lower portion of the lock hopper displacing the sour water from an exit in the upper portion of the lock hopper back into the quench section of the coal gasification system. In an alternate embodiment, noxious gases are stripped from the quench water in the lock hopper with a stripping gas. Solid waste and clean or decontaminated water are discharged from the system without pollution of the environment.

Abstract: A gas cooler and process are provided for extracting heat from the hot raw gas stream from the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous or carbonaceous fuel, and the simultaneous production of a separate stream of saturated or superheated steam, or separate streams of both. The gas cooler comprises a vertical pressure vessel with an upper central outlet through which saturated steam may be removed and a closed bottom. A refractory lined hot gas inlet chamber is attached to the bottom of the pressure vessel. A coaxial vertical water-tight cylindrically shaped central chamber is supported within the vessel and defines an annular elongated passage with the inside walls of the vessel. A plurality of bundles of helical tubes through which the hot gas flows are spaced in the annular passage and are serially connected to a helical bundle of gas tubes that is supported in the central chamber.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are recovered from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well by displacing hydrocarbons toward the production well using a drive fluid such as water thickened with polyacrylamide or partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide and, if desired, a small amount of a sulfonated, alkoxylated polyacrylamide, i.e., an N-substituted polyacrylamide having N-substituents of the formula:--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.m-1 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M,where m is an integer of from 2 to 5 and M is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium or ammonium. Optionally, the drive fluid can be saturated with carbon dioxide, nitrogen and/or natural gas at the injection pressure.