Abstract: Cabin audio systems for aircraft, aircraft cabin acoustics, aircraft cabin audio amplification, and audio amplification algorithms are provided. In particular, a speech amplification system including a first microphone configured to receive a first audio signal including an ambient noise and a second audio signal including a voice signal, a bandpass filter configured to filter the voice signal from the second audio signal, an amplifier configured to adjust an amplitude of the voice signal to generate an amplified voice signal in response to a control signal, a first speaker configured to receive the amplified voice signal and to provide the amplified voice signal a first seating location, a processor configured to generate the control signal in response to an amplitude of the first audio signal such that an amplitude of the amplified voice signal exceeds an amplitude of the ambient noise.

Abstract: A process to design an attitude control system (ACS) controller in each of a plurality of joined entities includes identifying a worst case configuration as a design-to configuration as one or more configurations in a given set S of configurations required for a spacecraft. For the design-to configuration, the process includes deriving one or more system equations in a functional form of equations to determine intermediate design parameters that represent effective proportional and derivative gains of the combined controller, Kp and Kd, respectively. The process also includes determining the design parameters of the ACS controller, namely, gains Kq and K? and stiffness and damping coefficients, Ks and Cd respectively of all the interfaces between each of the plurality of joined entities, from the intermediate design parameters Kp and Kd.

Abstract: The pilot communication system employs an acoustic transducer disposed on the flight deck and positioned to emit sound waves in the direction of the at least one pilot seating location. A modulator circuit is coupled to receive an audio signal from the avionics communication system and is also coupled to drive the acoustic transducer. The modulator circuit supplies to the acoustic transducer an electrical signal having an ultrasonic carrier frequency modulated by the audio signal, thereby causing the acoustic transducer to deliver a beam of ultrasonic acoustic energy, through the acoustic space, in the direction of the at least one pilot seating location, which beam of ultrasonic acoustic energy is demodulated naturally by traversal through air molecules between the transducer and the pilot seating location, thus rendering the audio signal audible by human hearing at the at least one pilot seating location.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of a system and method are provided for detecting cracks and crack propagation in aircraft structures subject to repetitive stress. A method for detecting onset or propagation of defects in a structure includes monitoring the structure with an infrared sensor to provide thermal data of the structure within a field of view of the infrared sensor. A processor is used to process the thermal data memory to extract features from the thermal data and utilize at least one machine learning model to detect onset or propagation of defects in the structure. A system includes an infrared sensor having a field of view of the structure and a processor coupled to the infrared sensor and a memory, which contains instructions that cause the processor to process thermal data from the infrared sensor to extract features from the thermal data and utilize at least one machine learning model to detect onset or propagation of the defects in the structure.

Abstract: Vehicles and multi-place dining tables for vehicles are provided. In one example, the vehicle includes a vehicle structure having a first sidewall, a second sidewall, and a floor disposed therebetween. The vehicle structure at least partially surrounds an interior area that has an aisleway extending therethrough. A multi-place dining table is disposed in the interior area and includes a first table section that is disposed between the first sidewall and the aisleway. The first table section includes a first tabletop. A second table section is disposed between the second sidewall and the aisleway and includes a second tabletop. The second tabletop is movable between a stowed position where the first and second tabletops are spaced apart from each other by at least the aisleway and a deployed position where the second tabletop extends across the aisleway and is coupled to the first tabletop.

Abstract: An aircraft includes a turbine engine, a vibration sensor, and a processor. The vibration sensor is attached to the turbine engine and is configured to output a vibration sensor signal. The processor is programmed to determine whether the vibration sensor signal indicates that fan case liner damage has occurred due to icing conditions. The processor is further programmed to indicate that a fan case inspection should be conducted in response to the vibration sensor signal indicating that fan case liner damage has occurred.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that map disallowed states and enable access to those states under certain conditions through a search algorithm are disclosed. In other words, scenario boundaries may be crossed by jumping from one scenario that is less desirable or even has no solution to another scenario that is more desirable.

Abstract: Flight control systems, flight control methods, and aircraft are provided. An aircraft including a system and a method for receiving, via a fuel switch, a first control signal indicative of an off position on a fuel switch, determining a throttle resolver angle of a throttle controller in response to the first control signal, comparing the throttle resolver angle to a threshold throttle angle, and generating a pilot warning in response to the first control signal and the throttle resolver angle exceeding the threshold throttle angle.

Abstract: Aircraft, fly-by-wire systems, and controllers are provided. An aircraft includes a trim control system and a fly-by-wire system. The trim control system is configured for controlling surfaces of the aircraft. The fly-by-wire system is communicatively coupled with the trim control system and includes an input device and a controller. The input device is configured to receive a re-trim input from a user. The controller is communicatively coupled with the input device and is configured to control the trim control system, to obtain the re-trim input from the user, and to set a pitch trim of the aircraft based on a stable flight condition at a present airspeed of the aircraft in response to the re-trim input from the input device.

Abstract: A wing for an aircraft includes, but is not limited to, a wing body having a wingtip, a leading-edge, and a trailing edge. The wingtip comprises an outboard-most portion of the wing body. The leading-edge is disposed along a forward portion of the wing body and is configured to cause a vortex to extend off the trailing edge at a location inboard of the wingtip when the aircraft is flown sub-sonically at a predetermined angle of attack. The trailing edge is disposed along an aft portion of the wing body and has an aft-most region disposed inboard of the wingtip at a position that corresponds with the location where the vortex extends off the trailing edge.

Abstract: Devices and methods for actuating a tool and methods for making such devices are provided. In one example, the device includes a piston subassembly. The piston subassembly includes a cylinder having a cavity, a head disposed in the cavity to move between first and second positions, and a rod coupled to the head and extending away from the second position. A holding subassembly is coupled to the piston subassembly. The holding subassembly includes a first holding member coupled to the rod and configured to hold a first leg of the tool and a second holding member spaced apart from the first holding member. The second holding member is configured to hold the second leg of the tool. When the head moves from the first position towards the second position, the rod moves the first holding member towards the second holding member.

Abstract: A method for performing an operation on an input signal includes receiving, by a multi-mode waveguide, the input signal imposed on laser light. The received input signal imposed on the laser light is propagated through the waveguide a plurality of times in a plurality of modes, the modes interfering each time they propagate through the waveguide to generate an interference pattern of the plurality of modes. Portions of the interference pattern of the plurality of modes are nonlinearly activated each time those modes propagate through the multi-mode waveguide. Portions of the activated interference pattern of the plurality of modes are output to an optical detector array in parallel with one another each time those modes propagate through the multi-mode waveguide.

Abstract: Aircraft anti-collision systems, anti-collision methods, and aircraft with anti-collision systems and methods are provided. A method including transmitting, by a light emitter, a first light pulse proximate to a wing edge at a first time, detecting, by a light detector, a reflection of the first light pulse at a second time, determining, by a processor, a distance from a first object to the wing edge in response to the first time and the second time, calculating, by the processor, a possible contact occurrence in response to the distance and an aircraft velocity, and controlling a user interface with the processor to generate a user alert in response to the possible contact occurrence.

Abstract: Describe herein is an energy storage system that includes a battery and a heat source. The battery harvests waste heat from the heat source to keep itself warm while storing electrical energy generated from a heat to energy transforming source. If the heat source is radioactive (e.g. radioisotope decay) a radiation hard battery is intimately connected to a waste heat source. The radiation hard battery harvests waste heat from the heat source to warm itself and to shield the radiation.

Abstract: A single space platform with an optical telescope, a spectrometer, and/or a database of stored spectral information may be used to determine the range and/or velocity of natural or artificial resident space objects (RSOs). Relativistic Doppler shift measured from reflected solar photons and/or photons from other emitting source(s) provides information that the space platform can use to determine the relative velocity and the range rate. This information can then be used in combination with the right ascension and declination angles to perform differential correction and obtain an updated orbit.

Abstract: An avionics system for an aircraft includes a threat data structure and a processor. The threat data structure stores an alert threshold and a margin threshold. The processor is programmed to: predict an aircraft state at a plurality of positions along a potential future trajectory; calculate a margin value at each of the plurality of positions as a difference between the predicted future condition and the threat value at each respective one of the plurality of positions; calculate a margin rate of change at each of the plurality of positions based on a change in the margin value along the potential future trajectory; estimate a time to go value based on a minimum calculated margin value and a maximum calculated margin rate of change among the plurality of positions; and command an indicator to alert the pilot in response to the time to go value reaching the alert threshold.

Abstract: An aircraft includes an engine, a thrust reverser, landing gear, a brake system, a pilot input device, and a control system. The engine is configured to generate thrust directed to move the aircraft in a forward direction. The landing gear includes wheels. The brake system is configured to generate a braking force on the wheels. The pilot input device is positioned for use by a pilot of the aircraft. The control system is programmed to: determine whether the taxi operations are allowed; receive a request to achieve and hold a taxi speed at a desired taxi speed from the pilot input device; and command the engine, the thrust reverser, and the brake system to achieve and maintain the desired taxi speed in response to receiving the request to hold taxi speed only when the taxi operations are allowed.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for decoupling an element that is bonded to a surface by an adhesive are provided. In one example, the apparatus includes a body, a first spool that is rotationally coupled to the body, and a cable having a first cable end portion that is coupled to the first spool, a second cable end portion that is coupled to the body, and a cable intermediate portion that is disposed between the first cable end portion and the second cable end portion. The apparatus is configured to be positioned adjacent to at least one of the element and the surface with the cable intermediate portion disposed adjacent to the adhesive such that when the first spool is rotated, the cable wraps about the first spool, thereby pulling the cable intermediate portion through the adhesive.