Abstract: The invention relates to titanium dioxide sunscreen compositions containing 0.025 to 30% by weight of phosphate anions. Phosphate anions, preferably in the form of salts, have been found to prevent or reduce the rate of discolouration of titanium dioxide-containing sunscreen compositions caused by light catalysed reduction of titanium (IV) to titanium (III). Discolouration caused by the presence of parahydroxybenzoic acid esters or para-aminobenzoic acids, esters or derivatives thereof in such compositions has also been found to be reduced by the incorporation of phosphate salt.Titanium dioxide particles having a mean primary particle size of less than 100 nm, each of the particles being substantially coated with phosphate anions are also described for use in sunscreen compositions.

Abstract: A sustained release pharmaceutical formulation comprising xanthan gum, a pharmaceutically active ingredient for example, ibuprofen or flurbiprofen, and other optional excipients.

Abstract: A method of purifying chymopapain by active site directed affinity chromatography using inhibitory dipeptides as affinity ligands is presented. The inhibitory dipeptides have C-terminal aldehyde derivatives of phenylalanine selected from the group consisting of the semicarbazone, the methoxyimine and the oxime. The purified chymopapain has a specific activity against BAPNA (1 mM) at 40.degree. C. and pH 6.8 of between 3000 and 4500 units per mg and contains less than 0.2% each of papaya proteinase III (PPIII), papain and papaya proteinase IV (PPIV). The use of purified chymopapain in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of damaged mammalian spinal discs is also disclosed.

Abstract: A nail lacquer composition which comprises 0.05 to 10% by weight of crystalline inorganic fibers having an aspect ratio of at least 2:1 is described. Preferred inorganic fibers are calcium salts such as calcium metasilicate and calcium sulphate. The use of such fibers has been found to give nail lacquer compositions with excellent wear and adhesion properties.

Abstract: Abrasive mouthwash compositions suitable for a "rinse and brush" type product are described and are broadly defined as a pourable suspension containing the following essential components:a) 0.1-50% abrasive e.g. silica;b) 0.01-5% suspending agent e.g. montmorillonite clay;c) 0.1-5% surfactant e.g. sodium lauryl sulphate andd) liquid carrier e.g. water and humectant.Optional further components include flavourings, colourings, anti-plaque agents, anti-tartar agents, agents for sensitive teeth, fluoride ion sources and sweeteners.

Abstract: A sunscreening composition which comprises a water-in-oil emulsion which comprises a) 0.5 to 30% by weight of titanium dioxide having a mean primary particle size of less than 100 nm, b) 5 to 20% by weight of an oil phase, c) 1 to 15% by weight of an emulsifier, and d) at least 40% by weight of an aqueous phase. The titanium dioxide may be coated with aluminium stearate. Further sunscreening agents may be included. The oil phase may be a hydrocarbon oil, a wax, a natural oil, a silicone oil or a mixture. Preferred emulsifiers are sesquioleates such as polyglyceryl-2-sesquioleate or sorbitan sesquioleate, polyethoxylated esters of derivatives of natural oils such as polyethoxylated esters of hydrogenated castor oil or silicone emulsifiers such as silicone polyols.

Abstract: A high content of 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid is achieved in a pharmaceutical composition by solidifying molten 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid to provide a unit dose composition. The composition may be prepared by heating the 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-propionic acid until molten, optionally mixing with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, forming into a unit dosage presentation and allowing the composition to solidify. Preferably the composition contains greater than 80% ibuprofen or S(+)-ibuprofen and is filled into a hard gelatin capsule.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## and their salts in which n=0 or 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each aliphatic or cycloalkyl or NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 is an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, R.sub.3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or optionally substituted amino, R.sub.5 is an aliphatic group, R.sub.6 is H, an optionally substituted aliphatic group or a cycloalkyl group, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring or R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by alkyl and R.sub.7 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl or cyano have utility as hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N,N-dimethyl-1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutylamine hydrochloride monohydrate, a non-hygroscopic material which can be used as a pharmaceutical in the treatment of depression.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which are the same or different, are H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;R.sub.3 is an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group; andR.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon group containing at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and acylated derivatives thereof, optionally substituted alkoxy groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyloxy groups, optionally substituted alkylenedioxy groups, oxo and groups of formula S(O).sub.p R.sub.5 in which p is 0, 1 or 2 and R.sub.5 is an alkyl group, said hydrocarbon group being optionally substituted by additional substituents,are useful in the treatment of depression.

Abstract: A process to prepare compounds of formula I ##STR1## in which n=0, 1 or 2 comprising the cyclisation of compounds of formula II ##STR2## in which n=0, 1 or 2. The cyclisation may be effected in the presence of an organic or inorganic base or thermally at a temperature in the range 40.degree.-160.degree. C.Compounds of formula II and certain analogues thereof are disclosed as cardiovascular agents.

Abstract: Quinolone sulphonates of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is lower alkyl; R.sub.2 is lower alkyl; and R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulphinyl, lower alkylsulphonyl, halo, halogenated lower alkyl, halogenated lower alkoxy, cyano, phenyl or phenyl substituted by 1 or 2 groups independently selected from lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and halo, have antihypertensive activity.Processes for preparing compounds of formula I and pharmaceutical compositions containing them are described.Compounds of formula I are also indicated for use in the treatment of heart failure and ischaemic heart disease.

Abstract: A depilatory composition comprising a depilatory compound, in particular potassium thioglycolate, and a tertiary amine of general formula INR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 Iwherein R.sub.1 represents a long chain fatty moiety having 8 to 36 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently represent a fatty moiety having 1 to 36 carbon atoms. The composition has pH of between 11.5 and 12.7. The softening effect of the tertiary amine avoids the growth of stiff stubble and does not reduce the efficacy of the depilatory compound.

Abstract: N,N-Dimethyl-1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutylamine hydrochloride monohydrate is a non-hygroscopic material which can be used as a pharmaceutical in the treatment of depression.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which are the same or different, are H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring;R.sub.3 is an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group; andR.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon group containing at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and acylated derivatives thereof, optionally substituted alkoxy groups, optionally substituted cycloalkyloxy groups, optionally substituted alkylenedioxy groups, oxo and groups of formula S(O).sub.p R.sub.5 in which p is 0, 1 or 2 and R.sub.5 is an alkyl group, said hydrocarbon group being optionally substituted by additional substituents,are useful in the treatment of depression.

Abstract: Novel 7(4H)-thieno[3,2-b]pyridinones of the formula I, ##STR1## wherein R is lower alkyl, and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, or phenyl optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from halo, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and trifluoromethyl.The compounds are useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the novel compounds and processes for preparing the novel compounds are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## in which Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, R.sub.1 is an optionally substituted aliphatic group and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are H or optionally substituted alkyl groups or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached complete a heterocyclic ring, are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The compounds of formula I may be administered with a dopamine precursor such as levodopa and/or a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor such as carbiodopa or benserazide. A preferred compound of formula I is N,N-dimethyl-1[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutylamine hydrochloride monohydrate.

Abstract: Quinolones of the formula I ##STR1## in which the dotted line between positions 2 and 3 of the quinolone ring represents an optional bond; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.1 is lower alkyl; and R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, halo, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulphinyl, lower alkylsulphonyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano, fluorinated lower alkoxy, phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents selected from lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, halo and trifluoromethyl, the group --OAr or the group --S(O).sub.n Ar in which Ar is phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents selected from lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, halo and trifluoromethyl and n is 0, 1 or 2, or the group --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6 or the N-oxide thereof in which R.sub.5 and R.sub.