Abstract: A biokinetic energy collection apparatus and a fabrication method thereof are provided. The apparatus includes: a counter weight, configured to oscillate with a movement of a wearer, to convert a mechanical energy generated by the movement into kinetic energy of the counter weight; a rotating frame, mechanically coupled to the counter weight, and configured to receive the kinetic energy from the counter weight; a planetary gear train, mechanically coupled to the rotating frame, to rotate as the rotating frame moves; and a stator assembly and a rotor assembly, coupled to each other, where the stator assembly includes a coil, the rotor assembly includes a rotor and a third permanent magnet located on the rotor, and the rotor is mechanically coupled to the planetary gear train and receives the kinetic energy from the planetary gear train, to cause the third permanent magnet to rotate with the rotor.

Abstract: A method and system for generating a logarithmic non-uniform pseudo-random electromagnetic exploration signal including: constructing two or more basic unit signals, according to an exploration requirement, that are stairstep signals obtained by superposing in-phase periodic square wave signals, a frequency ratio between adjacent periodic square wave signals is 2, and the two or more basic unit signals meet the following requirement: if a lowest dominant frequency in a first basic unit signal is a fundamental frequency, lowest frequencies of the remaining basic unit signal are l×2m times the fundamental frequency, where l is an odd number except 1, and m is a natural number; and superposing the two or more basic unit signals to obtain a logarithmic non-uniform 2n sequence pseudo-random signal. A logarithmic non-uniform 2n sequence stairstep signal is constructed within a limited frequency interval, and requirements of prospectors for a higher frequency density within a specific frequency interval are met.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for assessing the likelihood of effectiveness of aspirin-based chemoprotection against colorectal cancer among individuals as well as methods for improving aspirin-based chemoprotection against colorectal cancer. Kits useful for such methods are also provided.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to methods and systems for classifying leukocytes using artificial intelligence called AIRFIHA (artificial-intelligence enabled reagent-free imaging hematology analyzer) that can accurately classify subpopulations of leukocytes in a label-free manner. AIRFIHA can not only subtype lymphocytes into B and T cell but is capable of sorting different types of T cells subtypes. AIRFIHA is realized through training a two-step neural network using label-free images of separated leukocytes acquired from a custom-built quantitative phase microscope. Owing to its easy operation, low cost, and strong discerning capability of complex leukocyte subpopulations, AIRFIHA is clinically translatable and can also be deployed in resource-limited settings.

Abstract: Predictions of current and/or future neurocognitive decline (NCD) can be based on functional neuroimaging data (e.g., fMRI data) and a machine-learning classifier model. Functional neuroimaging data is obtained while the subject performs a naturalistic language-processing task, such as watching a movie clip, and processed to extract a quantitative feature set. A classifier model is trained using machine learning techniques to predict a subject's NCD status based on the quantitative feature set.

Abstract: Size-band analysis is used to determine whether a chromosomal region exhibits a copy number aberration or an epigenetic alteration. Multiple size ranges may be analyzed instead of focusing on specific sizes. By using multiple size ranges instead of specific sizes, methods may analyze more sequence reads and may be able to determine whether a chromosomal region exhibits a copy number aberration even when clinically-relevant DNA may be a low fraction of the biological sample. Using multiple ranges may allow for the use of all sequence reads from a genomic region, rather than a selected subset of reads in the genomic region. The accuracy of analysis may be increased with higher sensitivity at similar or higher specificity. Analysis may include fewer sequencing reads to achieve the same accuracy, resulting in a more efficient process.

Abstract: Cell-free DNA molecules in a mixture of a biological sample can be analyzed to detect viral DNA. Methylation of viral DNA molecules at one or more sites in the viral genome can be determined. Mixture methylation level(s) can be measured based on one or more amounts of the plurality of cell-free DNA molecules methylated at a set of site(s) of the particular viral genome. The mixture methylation level(s) can be determined in various ways, e.g., as a density of cell-free DNA molecules that are methylated at a site or across multiple sites or regions. The mixture methylation level(s) can be compared to reference methylation level(s), e.g., determined from at least two cohorts of other subjects. The cohorts can have different classifications (including the first condition) associated with the particular viral genome. A first classification of whether the subject has the first condition can be determined based on the comparing.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus are provided for determining whether a nucleic acid sequence imbalance exists within a biological sample. One or more cutoff values for determining an imbalance of, for example, the ratio of the two sequences (or sets of sequences) are chosen. The cutoff value may be determined based at least in part on the percentage of fetal DNA in a sample, such as maternal plasma, containing a background of maternal nucleic acid sequences. The percentage of fetal DNA can be calculated from the same or different data used to determine the cutoff value, and can use a locus where the mother is homozygous and the fetus is heterozygous. The cutoff value may be determined using many different types of methods, such as sequential probability ratio testing (SPRT).

Abstract: In certain embodiments, provided herein are compositions, kits, methods and uses that are useful for preventing or treating a subject suffering from one or more diseases, conditions or disorders associated with chemotherapy such as anthracycline treatment. In some embodiments, provided is a method of treating or preventing a disease, condition or disorder resulting from or exacerbated by chemotherapy treatment in a subject, comprising the step of: administering an effective amount of GDF15 to the subject prior to the chemotherapy. Other example embodiments are described herein. In certain embodiments, the provided novel compositions, kits, methods and uses are highly effective in reducing cardiac cytotoxicity, cheaper, and safer for use.

Abstract: An optical phased array lidar includes: a laser, for emitting a laser signal; an optical beam splitter, for splitting a laser signal into multiple sub-signals, and distributing them to corresponding optical paths; a phase controller connected to the optical beam splitter, for regulating phases of the multiple sub-signals; an optical antenna array based on a one-dimensional grating structure, connected to the phase controller and for uniformly scattering the phase-regulated sub-signals into free space; and a silicon nitride waveguide array, for transmitting the sub-signals and phase-regulated sub-signals to realize the transmission of near-infrared light and visible light. The optical phased array lidar uses a silicon nitride waveguide array for transmission, thereby realizing the transmission of near-infrared light and visible light. In this way, the lidar can work in the visible light band, thereby broadening the working ranging thereof.

Abstract: Provided is an aqueous redox flow battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a posolyte chamber containing a posolyte in a solvent, a negolyte chamber containing a polysulfide based negolyte and a soluble organic catalyst in a solvent, and a separator disposed between the posolyte chamber and the negolyte chamber, wherein the soluble organic catalyst has a potential lower than the polysulfide based negolyte.

Abstract: An aberration in a fetal genome can be identified by analyzing a sample of fetal and maternal DNA. Classifications of whether an aberration (amplification or deletion) exists in a subchromosomal region are determined using count-based and size-based methods. The count classification and the size classification can be used in combination to determine whether only the fetus or only the mother, or both, have the aberration in the subchromosomal region, thereby avoiding false positives when the mother has the aberration and the fetus does not.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention provide methods, systems, and apparatus for determining whether a fetal chromosomal aneuploidy exists from a biological sample obtained from a pregnant female. Nucleic acid molecules of the biological sample are sequenced, such that a fraction of the genome is sequenced. Respective amounts of a clinically-relevant chromosome and of background chromosomes are determined from results of the sequencing. The determination of the relative amounts may count sequences of only certain length. A parameter derived from these amounts (e.g. a ratio) is compared to one or more cutoff values, thereby determining a classification of whether a fetal chromosomal aneuploidy exists. Prior to sequencing, the biological sample may be enriched for DNA fragments of a particular sizes.

Abstract: A method for quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an apparatus, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are provided. In the method, a first magnetization signal is obtained based on a first train of spin-lock modules. Additionally, a second magnetization signal is obtained based on a second train of spin-lock modules. A final magnetization is obtained based on the first magnetization signal and the second magnetization signal. These processes are repeated to collect one or more final magnetization signals for quantification of tissue parameters.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein involve using long cell-free DNA fragments to analyze a biological sample from a pregnant subject. The status of methylated CpG sites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is often used to analyze DNA fragments of a biological sample. A CpG site and a SNP are typically separated from the nearest CpG site or SNP by hundreds or thousands of base pairs. Finding two or more consecutive CpG sites or SNPs on most cell-free DNA fragments is improbable or impossible. Cell-free DNA fragments longer than 600 bp may include multiple CpG sites and/or SNPs. The presence of multiple CpG sites and/or SNPs on long cell-free DNA fragments may allow for analysis than with short cell-free DNA fragments alone. The long cell-free DNA fragments can be used to identify a tissue of origin and/or to provide information on a fetus in a pregnant female.

Abstract: Machine-learning systems and methods can perform multi-label classification of medical images in a clinical context. A system can incorporate a triplet attention network that combines category-attention, self-attention, and cross-attention to learn high-quality label embeddings by mining effective information from medical images. The set of labels can include a single “hybrid” label assigned to multiple low-frequency diseases. The machine-learning system can be trained using a dual-pool contrastive learning technique. In the inference stage, the trained network can use a dual-pool contrastive inference technique to reduce the likelihood of false negatives and enhance the ability to detect diseases not seen in the training data.

Abstract: A foundation model for analysis of RNA sequences, including ncRNA sequences, can be trained to provide output embeddings (in a high-dimensional space) corresponding to input RNA sequences. Training of the RNA foundation model can use a large-scale dataset of RNA sequences without any annotation as to structure or function. The trained RNA foundation model can thereafter be used to produce embeddings that can be used as input features in downstream task-specific machine-learning models (or other computer models) that can learn to predict particular aspects of structure and/or function for a given RNA sequence.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for analyzing circular DNA in a biological sample (e.g., including cell-free DNA, such as plasma). For example, to measure circular DNA, cleaving can be performed to linearize the circular DNA so that they may be sequenced. Example cleaving techniques include restriction enzymes and transposases. Then, one or more criteria can be used to identify linearized DNA molecules, e.g., so as to differentiate from linear DNA molecules. An example criterion is mapping a pair of reversed end sequences to a reference genome. Another example criterion is identification of a cutting tag, e.g., associated with a restriction enzyme or an adapter sequence added by a transposase. Once circular DNA molecules (e.g., eccDNA and circular mitochondrial DNA) are identified, they may be analyzed (e.g., to determine a count, size profile, and/or methylation) to measure a property of the biological sample, including genetic properties and level of a disease.

Abstract: A harmonic oscillator realizing harmonic tuning based on harmonic current selection is provided. The harmonic oscillator includes a first MOS transistor M1, a second MOS transistor M2, a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a third inductor L3, a fourth inductor L4, a fifth inductor L5, a first variable capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first fixed capacitor C3, a second fixed capacitor C4 and a switched capacitor array SCA. By suppressing a second harmonic current and promoting a third harmonic current, the invention avoids the design complexity caused by synchronous tuning of two types of harmonic impedances. By suppressing a second harmonic current and promoting a third harmonic current, the design complexity caused by synchronous tuning of two types of harmonic impedances is avoided.

Abstract: Magnetic field has been considered as a safe and promising method for remote control of medical robots in body. Systems that implement electromagnetic coils can provide wide control bandwidth and on-off capability. However, scaling-up the working space of such systems for clinical use and increasing energy efficiency to reduce heat generation have always been a challenging task. The design, modeling and control methods for a magnetic actuation system with multiple mobile electromagnetic coils with decoupled movements are introduced. The high flexibility of such configuration and the proposed real-time control strategy enables the system to enlarge the working space by tracking the locomotion of the robot, deal with the irregularly shaped obstructions inside the working area, work with medical imaging systems for localization of the medical robots, generate various kind of magnetic field for actuation and conduct real-time optimization on coils' positions to enhance energy efficiency.