Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for identifying pre-coloring violations and for providing hints and/or warnings to a designer to eliminate the pre-coloring violations. In some embodiments, the method is performed by identifying G0-spaces within a double patterning technology (DPT) layer, of an integrated chip (IC) layout, having a plurality of pre-colored shapes. Violation paths extending between the pre-colored shapes are identified based upon the G0-spaces. Good paths (i.e., paths that will not cause a violation) and bad paths (i.e., paths that will cause a violation) between the pre-colored shapes are also identified. Hints and/or warnings are generated based upon the identified good and bad paths, wherein the hints and/or warnings provide guidance to eliminate the violation paths and develop a violation free IC layout.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor light-emitting device which includes: a substrate having a first surface and a second surface; at least one semiconductor stacked body disposed on the first surface of the substrate and each including an active layer and first and second semiconductor layers disposed on both sides of the active layer, the first semiconductor layer having first conductivity, the second semiconductor layer having second conductivity different than the first conductivity, the first semiconductor layer having an exposed surface; a substrate piercing portion leading from the second surface to the first surface with a spacing from the exposed surface and opened without being covered with the at least one semiconductor stacked body; and an electrical path leading to the at least one semiconductor stacked body via the substrate piercing portion.

Abstract: Provided is an anti-norovirus agent that has high norovirus-inactivating activity and is safe for the human body, and an anti-norovirus composition that contains the anti-norovirus agent and is useful for disinfection and infection control against the norovirus. The anti-norovirus agent includes, as an active ingredient, an extract from a plant of the genus Diospyros containing tannin (hereinafter referred to as a “persimmon extract”), preferably a persimmon extract produced by heating squeezed juice or an extract from the fruit of a plant of the genus Diospyros or treating the squeezed juice or the extract with an alcohol. The anti-norovirus composition contains the anti-norovirus agent and at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohols, surfactants, antimicrobial agents, humectants, and cosmetic fats and oils, and preferably further containing an organic acid, such as citric acid, and/or a salt thereof or vitamin C.

Abstract: A synthetic resin hollow body which includes a hollow molding body made of a resin, the hollow molding body capable of holding a liquid material, and a resin sheathing body formed outside the hollow molding body in an integrating manner with the hollow molding body, wherein the resin sheathing body is made of a highly transparent synthetic resin having a total ray transmittance of at least 80%. The synthetic resin hollow body can exhibit a satisfactory decorating property and a satisfactory recycle property and is hardly damaged. In addition, the product cost and operation cost can be suppressed.

Abstract: An aromatic amine derivative represented by the following formula (1) wherein at least one of Ar1 to Ar4 is a heterocyclic group represented by the following formula (2) wherein X1 is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device includes a base, a first heat sink mounted over the base and connected to the base via two first heat pipes, and a second heat sink located at a lateral side of the first heat sink and thermally connected to the base via a second heat pipe. The first heat sink includes two fin groups. One of the fin groups is stacked on the other fin group. Each of the fin groups includes a plurality of fins spreading radially from a center of the fin group to a periphery of the fin group along horizontal directions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing device authentication and user authentication in a mobile communication network are provided. A connection is established between an MS and an SRNC that controls communications of the MS through a BS. The SRNC receives a D-MSK for device authentication of the MS from an AAA server that has completed an EAP negotiation with the MS and stores the D-MSK by the SRNC, when the BS triggers an EAP authentication after the connection establishment. The SRNC receives an R-MSK from an AG and stores the R-MSK after the connection establishment. The R-MSK is generated using a U-MSK for user authentication of the MS received from the AAA server by the AG. The SRNC generates a PMK for use during a session using at least one of the D-MSK and the R-MSK, and one of the BS and the SRNC generate a key set using the PMK, for use in at least one of data encryption, data integrity check, and session management during the session.

Abstract: The main body of the main unit has a light-receiving surface, a light-reflecting surface, and a light-projecting surface. The reflecting unit includes a plurality of reflecting microstructures formed on the light-reflecting surface. Each reflecting microstructure has a first reflecting curved surface, and the first reflecting curved surface of each reflecting microstructure has a first reflecting curved line shown on the lateral surface thereof. The first reflecting curved line of each first reflecting curved surface is substantially composed of a first base point as an initial point on the first bottom portion of the light-reflecting surface, a second base point as an end point on the second bottom portion of the light-reflecting surface, and a first curve track connected from the first base point to the second base point and passing through a plurality of first trajectory points.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus has a rectification circuit provided for converting AC power supplied from an AC power supply into DC power. The rectification circuit has a configuration in which series circuit whose number corresponds to the number of phases of an input AC are connected in parallel between a positive-side line and a negative-side line. The AC power supply is connected to AC input points, each corresponding to a connection point between a rectifying device and a semiconductor switching device in each of the series circuits, and connected to a point having ground potential through noise suppressing series circuits respectively. In each of the noise suppressing series circuits, a switch unit and a capacitor are connected in series. In this manner, it is possible to provide a power conversion apparatus which can reduce a noise terminal voltage while solving problems in volume and cost simultaneously.

Abstract: A high-accuracy oscillator obtains initial control bits to generate an initial signal and generates adjacent control bits to generate an adjusted signal from the oscillator based on the adjacent control bits. Characteristics of the initial signal and the adjacent signal are compared to a preset value to determine which of the initial signal and the adjusted signal is closer to a target signal. The closer of the initial signal and the adjusted signal to the target signal is output from the oscillator.

Abstract: A method, terminal, server and system for processing the notification message are disclosed. According to the method, the server transmits the notifying message with description information. The description information contains the parameter; the terminal parses the notifying message after receiving the notifying message. The description message may contain one or more parameter, thereby providing more messages through the notifying message to the terminal, making the terminal user getting the wanted information quickly. After the description message is added to the notifying message, the terminal can perform a variety of processes on the received notifying message.

Abstract: Disclosed are silica particles having a volume average particle size of from about 100 nm to about 500 nm, an average circularity degree of from about 0.5 to about 0.85, and an average value of the ratios of circle equivalent diameters Da of the silica particles obtained by a flat image analysis to maximum heights H of the silica particles obtained by a stereoscopic image analysis of more than 1.5 and less than 1.9.

Abstract: An error diffusion processing method and apparatus quantizes an input grayscale value of a pixel (m, n) of an input image based on a determination of whether the input grayscale value belongs to one of ranges divided by a plurality of thresholds. The ranges include at least one shadow area which is darker than a median grayscale value, and the input grayscale value is quantized to a predetermined grayscale value which is brighter than the median grayscale value in a predetermined method and thereby a binary grayscale value of the pixel (m, n) is determined. The error diffusion processing method and apparatus obtains an error from the input grayscale value and the binary grayscale value of the pixel (m, n), and distributes the error to neighboring pixels of the pixel (m, n) according to a predetermined error diffusion coefficient and modifies input grayscale values of the neighboring pixels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes first and second insulating substrates facing each other, and a plurality of pixels comprising a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns and divided into a first pixel group comprising only the pixels on a first row and a second pixel group comprising each of the remaining pixels on second to last rows. The pixels of the first pixel group have a first opening ratio, and the pixels of the second pixel group have a second opening ratio different from the first opening ratio. The first opening ratio is smaller than the second opening ratio, and the first opening ratio is about 60% to about 80% of the second opening ratio; and the pixels of the first pixel group but not the pixels of the second pixel group have a light interception pattern in an opening portion.

Abstract: An information storage medium including graphic data and presentation information, and an apparatus and method of processing the graphic data are provided. The information storage medium includes the graphic data, page composition information which defines page composition of the graphic data, and the presentation information indicating when graphic screen data, which is composed with reference to the page composition information of the graphic data, is output to a display screen. Therefore, a graphic object is reusable in graphic data processing, and accordingly, a time taken to process the graphic data is reducible and memory area may be saved.