Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and apparatuses for non-invasive detection of colitis in a subject. The methods involve depositing a bodily fluid sample from the subject on an internal reflection element (IRE). A beam of infrared (IR) radiation can then be directed through the IRE under conditions such that the IR radiation interacts with the bodily fluid sample. An absorption spectrum can then be recorded over a range of preselected frequencies to detect peaks that are affected by colitis. In preferred embodiments, the methods and systems involve Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method of treating morphine tolerance and/or symptoms associated therewith by administration to a subject in need thereof a DN-TNF polypeptide that inhibits the activity of soluble TNF- but not transmembrane TNF-?.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting renal disease and for assessing the efficacy of dialysis treatment using imaging agents having desirable in vivo properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for and methods of optically imaging tissues or cells using imaging agents having desirable in vivo properties that result in improved signal-to-background ratio.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for modulating the activity of an orthosteric or allosteric drug on a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) by increasing or decreasing the levels of extracellular Ca2+.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for the electrochemical detection of enzymes, such as enzymes that are indicative of disease, disorders, or pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, or other disorders. These methods can be used in point-of-care diagnostic assays for the detection of disease, disorder, or pathogen (e.g., to identify the strain of pathogen infecting a patient in a healthcare setting). The electrochemical methods described herein can also be used to assess the susceptibility of a pathogen to an antipathogen drug. Also provided are probes suitable for use in conjunction with the methods described herein.

Abstract: Systems and methods of real-time in-situ sub-surface imaging are described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are improved methods for the preparation of oseltamivir, and intermediates useful thereto.

Abstract: Provided herein are heterocyclic near infrared compounds, including near IR compounds defined by Formulae I-V described herein. The near infrared compounds can include a cyanine group, a phthalocyanine group, a naphthalocyanine group, a squaraine group, a carbocyanine group, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the near infrared compound can be charged. In some embodiments, the near infrared compound can comprise a cationic group. Compositions comprising the near infrared compounds are also disclosed. In some embodiments, the composition can contain the near infrared compound, a polymer, and an acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the polymer can include an anionic group. The compositions can be used as a coating for marking a surface, such as an ink. The compositions can also be used on articles for detecting, identifying, or authenticating the article. Methods of making the compositions described herein are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for constructing an metal ion binding motif by identifying an metal ion binding peptide that binds an metal ion with specificity, ascertaining at least a portion of a nucleic acid sequence encoding the metal ion binding peptide, tailoring the nucleic acid sequence encoding the metal ion binding peptide into an metal ion binding site, identifying a host protein and a relevant portion of the nucleic acid sequence of the host protein, operatively linking the tailored nucleic acid sequence encoding the metal ion binding peptide and the host protein nucleic acid sequence into an metal ion binding motif sequence, and expressing metal ion binding motif sequence, in which the nucleic acid sequence encoding the metal ion binding peptide is tailored so as to achieve the metal ion binding motif with a desired specificity for the metal ion. Also, the proteins encoded by the metal ion binding motif sequence as constructed by the method.

Abstract: A composition, reactor apparatus, method, and control system for growing epitaxial layers of group III-nitride alloys. Super-atmospheric pressure is used as a process parameter to control the epitaxial layer growth where the identity of alloy layers differ within a heterostructure stack of two or more layers.

Abstract: Various examples are provided for hot carrier spectral photodetectors that can be tuned. In one example, among others, a hot-carrier photodetector includes a graded barrier; an absorber disposed on the graded barrier; and a second barrier disposed on the absorber. For example, the absorber can include p-type doped GaAs. The graded barrier is disposed between the absorber and an injector, which can include p-type doped GaAs. In some implementations, the hot-carrier detector can include multiple barriers and absorbers. The hot-carrier photodetector can include an optical source (e.g., a LED) to trigger the VLWIR response in the photodetector.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide-releasing organic molecules are described herein. The molecules can be synthesized prior to administration (e.g., ex vivo) or formed in vivo. In those embodiments where the molecules are formed in vivo, reactants are administered under physiological conditions and undergo a cycloaddition reaction to form a product which releases carbon monoxide. In applying such reactions for therapeutic applications in vivo, the cycloaddition and CO release typically occur only under near-physiological or physiological conditions. For example, in some embodiments, the cycloaddition reaction and/or release of carbon monoxide occur at a temperature of about 37 C and pH of about 7.4. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for release carbon monoxide are also described.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for inhibiting or reducing fungal growth in or on a subject. The methods comprise exposing the subject to a composition comprising one or more enzymes, one or more bacteria, and/or an enzymatic extract, wherein the one or more enzymes, one or more bacteria, and/or the enzymatic extract isolated from one or more bacteria are exposed to the subject in a quantity sufficient to inhibit or reduce fungal growth.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are inhibitors of PU.1. The inhibitors are useful for treating disorders associated with abnormal PU.1 levels and function.

Abstract: Provided are methods and compositions for inhibiting or reducing fungal growth. The methods comprise exposing a location to a composition comprising one or more enzymes, one or more bacteria, and/or an enzymatic extract, wherein the one or more enzymes, one or more bacteria, and/or the enzymatic extract isolated from one or more bacteria are exposed to location in a quantity sufficient to inhibit or reduce fungal growth.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for a high-performance computing framework for cloud computing environments. A parallel computing application executable by at least one computing device of the cloud computing environment can call a message passing interface (MPI) to cause a first one of a plurality of virtual machines (VMs) of a cloud computing environment to store a message in a queue storage of the cloud computing environment, wherein a second one of the plurality of virtual machines (VMs) is configured to poll the queue storage of the cloud computing environment to access the message and perform a processing of data associated with the message. The parallel computing application can call the message passing interface (MPI) to access a result of the processing of the data from the queue storage, the result of the processing being placed in the queue storage by the second one of the plurality of virtual machines (VMs).

Abstract: A method for stimulating angiogenesis in a tissue of a mammal comprising contacting tissue with a protein substantially similar to pyruvate kinase M2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for and methods of optically imaging tissues or cells using imaging agents having desirable in vivo properties that result in improved signal-to-background ratio.

Abstract: A method for making a surfactant-based monolithic column is provided. The method comprises providing a mixture comprising at least one surfactant monomer, at least one crosslinker, at least one initiator, and at least one porogen and polymerizing the mixture to form the surfactant-based monolithic column. The present disclosure also provides a surfactant-based monolithic column, a method for separating molecules, and a process for preparing a surfactant monomer.