Abstract: A surfactant blend for use in preparing clear liquid detergent compositions, the blend comprising a mixture of a short carbon chain anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant ethoxylated with from about 2 to about 7 moles of ethylene oxide. The anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant are present in a weight ratio of from about 90:10 to about 50:50, respectively.

Abstract: Seal coating compositions and methods of applying them to metallic surfaces, particularly aluminum or alloys thereof, beating a previously formed protective coating, particularly a conversion coating, such as a chromate or phosphate coating or a chrome-free metal oxide conversion coating, or a coating formed by anodization, provide improved corrosion resistance beyond that provided by the previously formed protective coating. The seal coating compositions preferably contain at least one of benzotriazole, nickel and/or cobalt cations and borates, or aminated polymers of vinyl styrene.

Abstract: A polyglycerol composition of the formula ##STR1## wherein R may be ##STR2## C comprises up to about 3 percent of all N+M units, and N+M is a number from about 3 to about 15, and wherein the polyglycerol is essentially free of low molecular weight glycerides selected from the group consisting of glycerine, diglycerine and triglycerine. The polyglycerol may be esterified to provide a low calorie polyglycerol polyester food composition, or it may be alkoxylated and then esterified to provide a low calorie alkoxylated polyglycerol polyester food composition.

Abstract: Zeolites, particularly X type zeolites, essentially irrespective of the cation they contain, are effective heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidative conversion of the products of reaction of organic molecules containing a --HC.dbd.CH-- structure with ozone to at least two carboxylic acid molecules, with gaseous diatomic oxygen as the oxidative agent. The process is particularly well adapted to converting oleic acid into a mixture of azelaic and pelargonic acids.

Abstract: A chromate conversion coating with excellent cold workability and protection against corrosion after subsequent painting can be formed on metal surfaces, particularly on galvanized steel sheet, by drying in place on the metal an amount of an acidic aqueous composition comprising (A) from 4.0 to 51.0 g/L of hexavalent chromium; (B) from 6.0 to 38.0 g/L of trivalent chromium; (C) from 0.5 to 97.0 g/L of phosphate ions; (D) a component selected from the group consisting of sulfate ions, nitrate ions, fluoride ions, and mixtures thereof; and (E) a component selected from the group consisting of cations of Cu, Co, Ni, Sn, Fe, and Pb and mixtures thereof, wherein the trivalent chromium/hexavalent chromium weight ratio is in the range from 0.2 to 1.4. Preferably the amount of aqueous composition used is such as to produce a chromium add-on of from 20-160 mg/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A chromating treatment composition particularly suitable for preparing aluminum and stainless steel for clear coating comprises water, anions containing hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium cations, phosphate ions, dry process finely divided silica, and acrylic and/or methacrylic acid polymer or copolymer in such amounts that:(A) the concentration of the total of hexavalent and trivalent chromium atoms is in the range from 1 to 60 g/L;(B) the (trivalent chromium atom)/(hexavalent chromium atom) weight ratio is in the range from 0.6 to 2.5;(C) the (phosphate ion)/(total chromium atoms in hexavalent chromium ions and trivalent chromium ions) weight ratio is in the range from 0.5 to 4.5;(D) the (dry process silica)/(total chromium atoms in hexavalent chromium ions and trivalent chromium ions) weight ratio is in the range from 0.1 to 5.

Abstract: A chromium and ferricyanide free aqueous deoxidizer/desmutter for aluminum and magnesium alloys contains nitric acid, ferric ions, persulfate, and molybdate and preferably also sulfate, fluoride, and ethoxylated acetylenic diol surfactant.

Abstract: An automated system is disclosed for providing at least periodic removal of metal ions from a chemical complex and contaminants from a chemical bath. The chemical bath is a latex solution containing charged latex particles and having an acidic pH to form a coating by autodeposition, the charged particles tending to coagulate when subjected to a high shear circulation. The system uses an ion exchange column containing an iminodiacetate ion exchange resin for removal of the metal ion contaminants. The chemical bath is passed through the ion exchange column at a low velocity to prevent coagulation of the latex particles. Conductivity measurement devices and controllers are used to automate the operation of the system. Also, additional sensors, such as pressure and level sensors, controllers, filters, circulation pumps and tanks are used for performing rinsing and regeneration of the ion exchange column.

Abstract: Conversion coatings containing elpasolite and/or cryolite can be formed on aluminum substrates by contacting the substrates with an aqueous liquid composition containing adequate free fluoride ion activity and concentrations of dissolved sodium and potassium, if a potassium content in the coating is desired as is usual. The aqueous liquids preferably also contain phosphate and polyhydroxy organic compounds and may contain surfactants if a cleaning effect is desired.

Abstract: A composition and method for stripping protective coatings from surfaces, particularly metal surfaces such as aluminum, without blemishing the metal surface comprises a silicate-containing, alkaline component and a product of chemical interaction in solution between silicate and acid other than silicic acid in an amount to inhibit attack of the substrate being cleaned or to which the coating was applied. Preferably the acid reacted with the silicate is gluconic, or most preferably, boric acid.

Abstract: A lubricant and surface conditioner for formed metal surfaces, particularly beverage containers, reduces the coefficient of static friction of said metal surfaces and enables drying said metal surfaces at a lower temperature. The conditioner includes a water-soluble organic material selected from a phosphate ester, alcohol, fatty acid including mono-, di-, tri-, and polyacids; fatty acid derivatives such as salts, hydroxy acids, amides, esters, ethers and derivatives thereof; and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An effective phosphate free and organic solvent free aqueous acidic cleaner for soiled plastic surfaces is an aqueous solution or dispersion that has a pH in the range from about 4.4--about 6.1; that has a buffering capacity sufficiently high that at least 0.06 milliequivalents of a strong alkali per liter of the composition must be added to raise the pH of the composition by 0.1 pH unit; and that consists essentially of water and:(A) from about 0.4 to about 10 milliequivalents per kilogram of total composition ("mEq/kg") of acids selected from the group consisting of hydroxycarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids;(B) from about 1.4 to about 20 mEq/kg of salts containing anions of acids selected from the group consisting of hydroxycarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids; and(C) from about 0.21 to about 3.3 grams per kilogram of total composition ("g/kg") of nonionic surfactant; and, optionally,(D) an amount of hydrotrope material that is from about 0.25 to about 0.

Abstract: A method for improving the wetting ability of aqueous compositions used to coat substrates by including in the aqueous compositions a mixture of aliphatic glycoside and a fatty alcohol containing from 7 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Process for forming an autodeposition coating on a metallic substrate by applying an autodepositing composition from a motile source thereof such as by spraying or by treating the surface with a continuous stream of the autodepositing composition.

Abstract: Method for enhancing the strength of paper comprising the steps ofA) contacting paper fibers with a water slurry of at least one polymer which is a homopolymer and/or a random copolymer of an allylamine;B) forming a paper sheet from the paper fibers; andC) drying the paper sheet.

Abstract: An aqueous alkaline cleaner for aluminum has a pH in the range from 10.0-12.0 and contains:(A) from 0.5 to 10.0 g/L of an alkali builder component;(B) from 0.5 to 10.0 g/L of aminoalkyl- and/or hydroxyalkyldi-phosphonic acids and/or their water soluble salts;(C) from 0.1 to 3.0 g/L of an aluminum ion sequestering agent component; and(D) from 0.5 to 5.0 g/L of a surfactant component.Cleaning aluminum and aluminum alloy with such a cleaner generates an excellent surface condition with respect to de-smutting performance, water wettability, avoidance of black smut production, blackening, and paint adherence at least as good as that achieved with conventional acid cleaners, without requiring any acid wash.

Abstract: A combination of phosphonoinidazoline at surfactant, soluble polyvalent metal ions, and a metal etching component, which is tolerant of aluminum cations and aluminate anions, when used as the Stage 4 rinse for aluminum cans provides good can mobility and good resistance to loss of mobility during heating of the treated cans to a greater extent than is normal during high speed processing. A concentrate of the active ingredients of such a Stage 4 treatment also maintains its effectiveness for longer than do similar produels when stored at high ambient temperatures.

Abstract: The following water soluble materials are all satisfactory internal accelerators for otherwise conventional zinc phosphate conversion coating solutions: reducing sugars, starch, urea, and poly{acrylates and methacrylates}. Concentrates including these ingredients and otherwise conventional constituents of zinc phosphate conversion coating compositions, except for excluding conventional accelerators other than nitrate, are stable in composition during storage, unlike most conversion coating compositions containing conventional accelerators. Thus concentrates according to the invention are practical single-package concentrates that can be made into working phosphating compositions by dilution with water only.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided wherein the foam inhibiting effectiveness of defoaming and antifoaming additives on various types of foamable liquid mediums is measured. A single generally cylindrical foam cell having openings at both ends is provided wherein an interchangeable foam cell insert having varied geometry is longitudinally disposed within the foam cell. The foam cell insert is provided with a plurality of centralizer walls extending into the foam cell with an agitator member being carried by the centralizer walls. Foamable liquid medium is introduced into the foam cell and recirculated therethrough to form a dynamic fluid-flow system. As the liquid medium passes through both the foam cell and the foam cell insert, it comes into contact with the agitator member carried by the centralizer walls of the foam cell insert forming foam which accumulates in the foam cell.

Abstract: A process of retaining or enhancing corrosion resistance of autodeposited coatings on metallic surfaces by contacting the uncured coating on the metallic surface with a rinse solution containing hydrofluorozirconic acid or a salt thereof, such as nickel or cobalt salt. The metallic surface may be cold rolled steel or galvanized steel. The resinous autodeposited coatings are poly{vinylidene chloride} polymers. Copolymers containing at least 50% by weight poly{vinylidene chloride} are suitable. Because the protective properties of the autodeposited coatings are improved on both types of steel, both may be processed simultaneously, providing practical and economic advantages.