Abstract: Light colored homogeneous and aqueous alpha olefin sulfonate solutions wherein about 10 to about 30 wt. % of the sulfonate contained in said alpha olefin sulfonate solutions is 4-hydroxyalkane sulfonate.

Abstract: An enzyme-containing detergent composition having good deterbency against, especially, soiled spots in fabrics or clothes derived from a combination of sebum from human skin, a slight amount of sweat and invisible fine dust in the air is described. This detergent composition contains (I) (a) at least one olefin sulfonate having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, (b) at least one anionic surface active agent having an SO.sub.3 or SO.sub.4 group, except for said olefin sulfonate, and (c) at least one pyrophosphate and (II) at least one enzyme, the total amount of said components (a), (b) and (c) being at least 25% by weight based on the total amount of the detergent composition and the weight ratio of (a):(b):(c) being within the area enclosed by the points A, B, C and D defined in the attached triangular diagram.

Abstract: A detergent composition, suitable for use in washing vegetables and dishes and shampooing human hair, having both good detergency and little hand roughening action is presented. This detergent composition contains:(a) a water-soluble salt of olefin sulfonic acid having 12 to 16 carbon atoms and(b) a tertiary amine oxide having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group of 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, of 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The contents of each of said components (a) and (b) in the composition being within the range of from 2 to 20% by weight, and the mol ratio of the component (a) to the component (b) being within the range of from 1.5/1 to 0.5/1, and the pH of an aqueous solution of the detergent composition being within the range of from 7.3 to 8.0 at the concentration when it is used in washing vegetables and dishes.

Abstract: A homogeneous aqueous alpha-olefin sulfonate composition, which does not form "liquid crystal" due to temperature change and/or with the lapse of time, is presented. This composition contains, as a "liquid crystal" formation inhibitor, approximately 1 to approximately 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the alpha-olefin sulfonate, of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of allyl sulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, sorbic acid, gluconic acid, malic acid and the salts of said acids.

Abstract: Enzyme-containing detergent compositions containing, as essential ingredients, .alpha.-olefin sulfonates having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, polyethylene glycols having a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000 and enzymes are presented. These enzyme-containing detergent compositions do not cause the decrease in foaming property when objects being washed are previously soaked in an aqueous solution of the enzyme-containing detergent composition.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a highly concentrated sulfate solution or slurry which comprises neutralizing a sulfuric ester of higher alcohol or its ethoxylate with an aqueous caustic alkali solution, thereby preparing a crude neutralization product containing the sulfate in the range of from 45 wt. % to 55 wt. % and the caustic alkali in the range of from 1.5 wt. % to 3.5 wt. % and having a viscosity less than 50 poise; and commingling the resulting crude neutralization product with the sulfuric ester in the range of from 30 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the crude neutralization product and a highly concentrated caustic alkali solution capable of sufficiently neutralizing the sulfuric ester, thereby reducing the quantity of sulfate contained in the resulting mixture in the range of from 60 wt. % to 75 wt. % and the quantity of caustic alkali contained therein less than 0.5 wt. % of the quantity of sulfate.

Abstract: A method is provided for spray drying a detergent slurry in a spray drying chamber having at least two different levels of uniformly spaced atomizing nozzles, which slurry consists of about 50 to 70% by weight of solid constituent comprising 20 to 40% by weight of active ingredient containing an anionic surfactant, 5 to 30% by weight of water-soluble silicate and at most 21% by weight of phosphate builder and about 50 to 30% by weight of water. The lower stage of the two adjoining spraying stages is positioned at a point in the spray drying chamber where the moisture content of the particles sprayed from the upper spraying stage becomes less than about 25% by weight. The lowest spraying stage is positioned at a point in the spray drying chamber which is at a temperature of from higher than the boiling point of the detergent slurry to less than 200.degree. C. From 30 to 70% of the slurry is sprayed from said lowest stage.

Abstract: An improved odorless polyolefin resin composition is proposed which is free from the problem of the generation of unpleasant odors unavoidable in the conventional polyolefin resin compositions filled with an inorganic filler due to the oxidative degradation of the ingredients. The deodorant effect in the inventive compositions is obtained by formulating limited amounts of a secondary alkane sulfonate having 12 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule and an organic nitrogen compound having at least one skeletal structure expressed by the formula ##STR1## in a molecule as exemplified by melamine and the like into a polyolefin resin-inorganic filler blend.

Abstract: A production process of a liquid detergent composition having both good detergency and little hand roughening action is presented. This liquid detergent composition can be produced by mixing an anionic surface active agent and a semi-polar nonionic surface active agent, each in the stage of an aqueous solution, and then, adding a specified arylsulfonic acid to this mixture in such a manner that the produced liquid detergent composition contains 6 to 25% by weight of the anionic surface active agent, 2 to 8% by weight of the semi-polar nonionic surface active agent and 0.2 to 3.0% by weight of the arylsulfonic acid.

Abstract: Process for the production of light-colored internal olefin sulfonates substantially free from unreacted olefins comprises sulfonating an internal olefin with gaseous SO.sub.3 to produce a sulfonation reaction mixture, neutralizing said sulfonation reaction mixture with caustic alkali without hydrolysis of sulton contained in the mixture, adding to the neutralized sulfonation reaction mixture an extracting reagent selected from halogenated hydrocarbons to form an extract phase containing unreacted olefin and a raffinate phase containing internal olefin sulfonates and sultons, and hydrolyzing the resulting raffinate phase in the presence of caustic alkali.

Abstract: Tertiary monomethylamines having long chain alkyl groups are advantageously prepared from unsaturated aliphatic nitriles under a low pressure at a high yield by the steps of:(a) reducing the nitriles with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel hydrogenation catalyst at 200.degree. through 230.degree. C. and under a hydrogen pressure of 0 through 10 kg/cm.sup.2 G, while the formed ammonia is removed;(b) reacting the resultant amines with a hydroxymethylation agent in the presence of the nickel catalyst at 150.degree. through 180.degree. C., while hydrogen is passed through the reaction zone under 0.3 through 7 kg/cm.sup.2 G and the formed water is removed, and;(c) reducing the resultant tertiary amines with hydrogen in the presence of the nickel catalyst at 175.degree. through 210.degree. C. and under a hydrogen pressure of 5 through 10 kg/cm.sup.2 G.

Abstract: Full esters of polyols selected from pentaerythritol and polypentaerythritols are continuously produced by (i) continuously introducing a solution of the polyols in pyridine bases, olefins having at least 4 carbon atoms in an amount of at least 0.4 equivalent per 1.0 equivalent of the hydroxyl group in the polyols, a catalyst containing cobalt carbonyls and pyridine bases, and carbon monoxide, into a reaction zone from one end thereof in such an amount of the pyridine bases as is within the range of from 40 to 70% by weight based on the total amount of the pyridine bases, the polyols and the olefins; (ii) introducing an additional amount of the olefins into at least one middle portion of the reaction zone, and; (iii) continuously withdrawing the resultant reaction mixture from the other end of the reaction zone.

Abstract: An improved liquid detergent composition having a markedly decreased tendency toward film formation on the liquid surface when exposed to open air, without loss in detergency and foaming power.This includes a magnesium .alpha.-olefinsulfonate, an alcohol-ethylene oxide addition product and magnesium sulfate, all in limited concentrations, the balance being an aqueous solvent and optional additives.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing the magnesium salt of an olefin sulfonic acid comprising the steps of:sulfonating and neutralizing an olefin having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and; then,hydrolyzing sultone contained in the resulting neutralization product in the presence of,(a) magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide and a mixture thereof and(b) an additive selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, citric acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid and water-soluble salts thereof,at a temperature within the range of from 110.degree. C. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: A liquid detergent composition which comprises an anionic surface active agent of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether sulfate type and a cationic surface active agent of mono-long chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salt type at a mol ratio of the former to the latter in the range of from 8:1 to 1:1 is not only mild to the human skin but also capable of demonstrating superb detergency.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing, as two essential ingredients, the alkaline earth metal salts of anionic surface-active agents having a sulfonic acid group or a sulfuric acid ester group and quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surface-active agents are presented. These detergent compositions can exhibit satisfactory fabric-softening effects for fabrics, without causing a substantial decrease in the cleansing effect.

Abstract: A shampoo composition including from 3 to 50% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants and from 0.05 to 5% by weight of a quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ether having a predetermined quaternary nitrogen content, the anionic surfactants being selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas:R-(OR').sub.n OSO.sub.3 M.sub.1/2 (I),R-SO.sub.3 M.sub.1/2 (II),andOS-M.sub.1/2 (III)where R is an alkyl group having an average of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkylphenyl group substituted by alkyl groups having an average of from 6 to 15 carbon atoms, R' is an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, n is an integral number equal to from 0 to 6, OS is the acid radical of an anionic surfactant obtained by sulfonation of olefins having an average of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and M is a magnesium or calcium ion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing olefin oligomer from olefins having not less than 6 carbon atoms in the presence of a reaction mixture of an aluminum halide and a secondary or tertiary alcohol in the stated equivalent proportions. The olefin oligomers thus obtained have a high kinematic viscosity, a low pour point, a high viscosity index and a good shear stability.

Abstract: A process for producing an olefin oligomer comprising polymerizing olefin having not less than 6 carbon atoms in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of (a) aluminum halide, (b) polyhydric alcohol derivative of which alcohol the hydrogen atoms of the entire hydroxyl groups are substituted with either one or both of alkyl and acyl groups and (c) a nickel compound or cobalt compound is provided. Thus, an olefin oligomer having a narrow distribution of the polymerization degree and good properties can be obtained with a high selectivity by using a catalyst capable of being easily handled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a clear aqueous solution of the magnesium salt of an olefin sulfonic acid by (i) sulfonating an olefin with an gaseous sulfur trioxide, (ii) neutralizing the resulting sulfonated olefin with an inorganic alkali consisting of magnesium hydroxide and/or oxide and an organic amine selected from water-soluble alkanol amines in specified amounts and, then, (iii) heating the neutralized mixture at a pH of from 6.0 to 8.0. Thus, a clear aqueous solution of the magnesium salt of an olefin sulfonic acid having no bad odor and no color deterioration can be obtained.