Abstract: Disclosed is a method of delivering therapeutic carbon monoxide to the cells and tissues of a patient which comprises administering thereto a compound of the formula XBY1Y2C(O)V (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In addition, disclosed is a method of delivering a drug to a diseased cell or tissue by administering a compound of formula I either wherein at least one of X is a drug containing an amino group or V is a drug containing an amino group or hydroxyl group less a hydrogen on the amino or hydroxyl group. Further disclosed are novel compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of producing a trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluoromethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure: wherein A is an aryl or heteroaryl, each with or without substitution; and R1 is —H, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), -(alkylaryl), -(alkylheteroaryl), —NH-(alkyl), —N(alkyl)2, —NH-(alkenyl), —NH-(alkynyl) —NH-(aryl), —NH-(heteroaryl), —O-(alkyl), —O-(alkenyl), —O-(alkynyl), —O-(aryl), —O-(heteroaryl); —S-(alkyl), —S-(alkenyl), —S-(alkynyl), —S-(aryl), or —S-(heteroaryl), comprising: (a) reacting a compound having the structure: with a trifluoromethylating agent in the presence of a base in a first suitable solvent under conditions to produce a compound having the structure: and (b) maintaining the compound produced in step (a) in a second suitable solvent under conditions sufficient to produce the trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluormethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of inhibiting the growth of a fungus comprising contacting the fungus with an effective amount of an inhibitor so as to thereby inhibit the growth of the fungus, wherein the inhibitor inhibits ceramide synthase 1 (Cer1) in the fungal cells of the fungus. The present invention also provides method of treating a subject afflicted with a fungal infection comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an inhibitor so as to treat the subject afflicted with the fungal infection, wherein the inhibitor inhibits ceramide synthase 1 (Cer1) in the fungal cells of the fungus.

Abstract: A method of treating cancer in vivo includes introducing in vitro into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at least one type of inhibitory oligonucleotide, and contacting a tumor tissue of syncytial cancer cells with the hMSCs in vivo under conditions permitting a hMSC to form a gap junction channel with a first syncytial cancer cell of the tumor tissue. As a result, the at least one type of inhibitory oligonucleotide is delivered into the first syncytial cancer cell by traversing the gap junction channel and the at least one type of inhibitory oligonucleotide is delivered into a second syncytial cancer cell of the tumor tissue by traversing a gap junction channel between the first syncytial cancer cell and the second syncytial cancer cell.

Abstract: Structures operable to detect radiation are described. The structure may two screens with a phosphor layer, respective. The structure may further include a photosensor array disposed between the first screen and the second screen such that the photosensor array directly contacts the first screen or is directly attached to the first screen using an optical adhesive and directly contacts the second screen or is directly attached to the second screen using an optical adhesive.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an electricity generating insert for a piece of footwear, the insert can be removably placed in the heel portion, e.g. under the insole. The insert comprises a multilayer piezoelectric stack that alternatively flexes under the compression-decompression that occurs during locomotion, which flexing causes friction in the stack to generate electricity capable of charging electronic devices and the like, e.g. via a port on the footwear.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention find application in the field of cancer therapy. Receptor protein kinases (RPTKs) transmit extracellular signals across the plasma membrane to cytosolic proteins, stimulating formation of complexes that regulate key cellular functions. Over half of the known tyrosine kinases are implicated in human cancers and are therefore highly promising drug targets.

Abstract: A spectrometer focusing apparatus is provided that includes a hollow cylinder for x-rays to traverse a length thereof, a defracting element configured as a ring on an interior circumference of a portion of the hollow cylinder, at least one disk having an edge defining a circle aligned with the defracting element, and an aperture formed between the defracting element and the edge of the at least one disk.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound having the structure wherein ?, ?, X, Y, and R1-R11 are defined herein. This invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compounds, a method of inhibiting the activity and/or levels of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), a method of inhibiting the production of a cytokine in a population of cells, a method of inhibiting the production of a growth factor in a population of cells, and a method of inhibiting NF?-B activation in a population of cells.

Abstract: A true random number generator including a light source configured to produce randomly distributed photons, a plurality of detection channels configured to receive the randomly distributed photons produced by the light source, each detection channel including a photon sensor configured to detect a receipt of at least one photon during successive integration time-periods and generate an output signal by assigning a value for each integration time-period based on whether at least one photon was received during each integration time-period, a signal conditioning unit configured to condition the output signal of each of the plurality of detection channels and generate a conditioned output signal for each of the plurality of detection channels, and a signal processing unit configured to combine the conditioned output signals and generate a true random number based on the combination of the conditioned output signals.

Abstract: Mixed-phase TiO2 nanofibers prepared via a sol-gel technique followed by electrospinning and calcination are provided as photocatalysts. The calcination temperature is adjusted to control the rutile phase fraction in TiO2 nanofibers relative to the anatase phase. Post-calcined TiO2 nanofibers composed of 38 wt % rutile and 62 wt % anatase exhibited the highest initial rate constant of UV photocatalysis. This can be attributed to the combined influences of the fibers' specific surface areas and their phase compositions.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosing or monitoring a condition, disorder or disease associated with circadian, diurnal or other temporal rhythms by detecting circa-miRNAs and circa-microbiomes associated with said condition, disorder or disease. Methods for correcting or normalizing sequence data to correct for diurnal or circadian fluctuations in quantities of circa-miRNAs and/or circa-microbiomes by adjusting or normalizing values based on the time of day when a saliva sample containing these RNAs was collected.

Abstract: A selector device includes a first electrode composed of a first metal having a first work function. A second electrode is composed of a second metal having a second work function. A selector layer is disposed between the first and second electrodes and is composed of a dielectric material having a conduction band and a valence band defining a band gap of at least 5 electron volts. Dopant atoms are disposed in the selector layer to form a sub-conduction band that is below the conduction band and above the work functions. When a threshold voltage is applied across the first and second electrodes, and a magnitude of the threshold voltage exceeds an energy difference between the sub-conduction band and the work functions, but does not exceed an energy difference between the conduction band and the work functions, an on-current will conduct through the selector layer.

Abstract: This application provides methods to differentiate between subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) or developmentally delayed (DD) subjects using miRNA and/or microbiome levels detected in saliva samples and patient information. The method can be used to monitor the progress of ASD and guide its treatment. RNA-seq, qPCR, or other methods determine counts and abundance of miRNA or microbiomes. MicroRNA and/or microbiome sequencing data are refined by normalization to expression levels or abundance of time-invariant miRNAs and/or microbial RN As to control for time of sample collection or to compensate for circadian fluctuations in these levels. Multivariate logistic regression and nonlinear classification techniques are further used to select a panel of miRNAs and microbiomes that accurately differentiate between subjects with ASD, DD, and TD in subjects with an unknown ASD status. These panels of miRNAs and microbiomes may be developed into a RNA assay kit.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is directed to a composition. The composition includes a dispersion inducer comprising: H3C—(CH2)n—CHmCHmR, where is a single or double carbon-carbon bond, m is 1 or 2, n is 2 to 15, and R is a carboxylic acid, a salt, an ester, or an amide, where the ester or amide is an isostere or biostere of the carboxylic acid. The composition additionally contains an additive component selected from one or more of the group consisting of biocides, surfactants, antibiotics, antiseptics, detergents, chelating agents, virulence factor inhibitors, gels, polymers, pastes, edible products, and chewable products. The composition is formulated so that when it is contacted with a biofilm produced by a microorganism, where the biofilm comprises a matrix and microorganism on a surface, the dispersion inducer selectively acts on the microorganism and has a suitable biological response without a required direct effect on the matrix to disperse the biofilm.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing quantum computing includes multiple qubits, each of at least a subset of the qubits comprising a loop formed of a Dirac or Weyl semimetal and having at least two stable quantum states. The apparatus further includes at least one terahertz cavity coupled with the qubits, the terahertz cavity being configured to detect the quantum states of the qubits. Each of at least the subset of qubits is configured to receive a circularly polarized radiation source. The radiation source is adapted to excite a chiral current in each of at least the subset of qubits, the quantum states of the plurality of qubits being a function of the chiral current.

Abstract: Provided is a field shaping multi-well detector and method of fabrication thereof. The detector is configured by depositing a pixel electrode on a substrate, depositing a first dielectric layer, depositing a first conductive grid electrode layer on the first dielectric layer, depositing a second dielectric layer on the first conductive grid electrode layer, depositing a second conductive grid electrode layer on the second dielectric layer, depositing a third dielectric layer on the second conductive grid electrode layer, depositing an etch mask on the third dielectric layer. Two pillars are formed by etching the third dielectric layer, the second conductive grid electrode layer, the second dielectric layer, the first conductive grid electrode layer, and the first dielectric layer. A well between the two pillars is formed by etching to the pixel electrode, without etching the pixel electrode, and the well is filled with a-Se.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a kit and methods for using the same. The kit includes a plate including at least one well, wherein the well includes a silver nitrate and a catalyst. The method includes providing a sample of synovial fluid to a well of a plate, wherein the well includes a silver nitrate and a catalyst and determining a presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, wherein the presence of MSU crystals indicates that gout is detected in the sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for functionalizing the surfaces of cellulose nanoparticles. In embodiments, nanoparticles are aerosolized, and then passed through a flow reactor where they are contacted with gaseous reactants to functionalize the surface of the nanoparticles. In other embodiments, the nanoparticles are aerosolized, and then passed through a plasma reactor where they are contacted with gaseous reactants to functionalize the surface of the nanoparticles. Once the functionalized nanoparticles are produced, they may be combined with polymers to form polymer composites having both a polymer and the functionalized nanoparticles. Systems for producing these functionalized nanoparticles, coupled with downstream polymer processing equipment for forming the polymer composites, are also provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for reducing amyloid beta levels within a mammal (e.g. a mammal having Alzheimer's disease). For example, this document provides methods for using compositions containing a potato polysaccharide preparation to reduce one or more symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In some cases, a composition containing a potato polysaccharide preparation provided herein can be used to increase binding, sequestration, and/or degradation of CNS-derived amyloid beta polypeptides, thereby inhibiting the formation of neurofibrillary plaques.