Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions for elevating and stabilizing retromer protein for treating and/or preventing neurodegenerative diseases and disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where retromer dysfunction and/or endosomal trafficking dysfunction is involved and/or implicated in the disease or disorder. The methods include the use of agents to elevate and stabilize specific retromer depending upon the neurodegenerative disease or disorder being treated. The method can also include the use of one or more biomarkers to detect and/or identify whether retromer dysfunction and/or endosomal trafficking dysfunction is involved and/or implicated in the disease or disorder.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for communication are disclosed. An example device can comprise a first waveguide portion disposed on a substrate, a second waveguide portion, and a third waveguide portion disposed between the first waveguide portion and the second waveguide portion. The third waveguide portion can be configured to carry a signal based on a refractive index of the third waveguide portion matching an effective refractive index of an optical mode of a combination of the first waveguide portion and the second waveguide portion.

Abstract: An exemplary apparatus can provide radiation to a sample(s), which can include, for example, a radiation source arrangement configured to provide radiation, a beam splitter configured to split the radiation into (i) a first radiation, and (ii) a second radiation. An optical element can also be provided which, in operation, can, e.g., (a) receive the first radiation and the second radiation, (b) reflect the first radiation as a reference radiation, (c) provide the second radiation as illumination for the sample(s), (d) receive a resultant radiation from the sample(s) that can be based on the illumination from the second radiation, and (e) provide the reference radiation and the resultant radiation to be detected and used for interferometric imaging or spectroscopy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having the structure: wherein D, E and F are each independently NR1, CR2R3 or CR6R7, wherein one of D, E and F is NR1 and the remaining two are CR2R3 or CR6R7, wherein R1 is H or -(alkyl), and wherein R2, R3, R6 and R7 are each independently H, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -cycloalkyl, -alkylcycloalkyl, -aryl, heteroaryl or -alkylaryl; X1 is C or N; X2 is O, S, N, NR14 or CR15, wherein R14 is H, -(alkyl) or -cycloalkyl, wherein R15 is H, -(alkyl) or -cycloalkyl, and wherein X2 is other than N when X1 is N; ? and ? represent a bond that is present or absent, and wherein either ? or ? is present, wherein when ? is present, then X1 is C and X2 is O, S or NR14, or when ? is present, then X1 is N and X2 is N or CR15; R4, R5, R8 and R9 are each independently H, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -cycloalkyl, -alkylcycloalkyl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkylaryl, —OH, —O(alkyl), —OAc, —S(alkyl), —NH2, —NH(alkyl), —N(alkyl)2, —COOH, —CO2(alkyl), —CONH2, —CONH(alk

Abstract: Mechanisms for defending a computing system from attack are provided. The mechanisms include: maintaining a round counter that tracks a round number for a local host; determining a location in a graph for each of a plurality of hosts including the local host; determining monitor hosts of the plurality of hosts that are monitoring the local host; determining monitoree hosts of the plurality of hosts that are being monitored by the local host; sending a message to each of the monitor hosts identifying a value of the round counter; forwarding a first set of heartbeat messages from previous monitoree hosts to the monitor hosts; attempting to receive messages from the monitoree hosts; determining whether any messages were not received from the monitoree hosts; and in response to determining that one or more messages were not received from the monitoree hosts, generating an alert.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for delivering adipose tissue browning agents and/or fat modulating agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, device, and other implementations, including a method (performed by, for example, a hearing aid device) that includes obtaining a combined sound signal for signals combined from multiple sound sources in an area in which a person is located, and obtaining neural signals for the person, with the neural signals being indicative of one or more target sound sources, from the multiple sound sources, the person is attentive to. The method further includes determining a separation filter based, at least in part, on the neural signals obtained for the person, and applying the separation filter to a representation of the combined sound signal to derive a resultant separated signal representation associated with sound from the one or more target sound sources the person is attentive to.

Abstract: A composition for treating TMJ degeneration comprising a hydrogel of sclerostin and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid, or PLGA-encapsulated sclerostin, or sclerostin covalently linked to hyaluronic acid.

Abstract: The disclosed subject matter provides systems and methods for processing light. An example system can include one or more substrates, and a plurality of meta-units, which are patterned on each of the substrates and configured to modify a phase, an amplitude, or a polarization of the light with a subwavelength resolution. The system can be in a form of a diffractive neural network and be configured to perform target recognition.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to techniques for electromechanical wave imaging. The disclosed system can include a processor that can be configured to perform an automated selection of at least one zero-crossing location using a heuristic-based baseline and/or a machine learning classifier and generate an electromechanical wave imaging isochrone based on the automated selection.

Abstract: The disclosed matter provides integrated metasurface devices for conversion between a waveguide mode and a free-space optical wave with a designer wavefront. In exemplary embodiments, the integrated metasurface devices include a thin waveguide, a waveguide taper, a leaky-wave metasurface defined within a high refractive index layer of dielectric material, and a low refractive index substrate. The device can manipulate all the four optical degrees of freedom of the free-space wavefront, namely: amplitude, phase, polarization orientation, and polarization ellipticity, by using a leaky-wave metasurface composed of meta-units with four structural degrees of freedom.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, methods for treating or ameliorating the effects of a disorder, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, by increasing or decreasing proline levels. Further provided are methods of predicting and monitoring the clinical response in a patient, and diagnostic systems for identifying a patient likely to benefit from proline modulation.

Abstract: The invention provides for methods for treating a hair loss disorder in a subject by administering a Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having the structure: wherein X is CR6 or N; R1, R2, R3, R4, and R6 are each independently —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —NO2, —CN, —CF3, —CF2H, —OCF3, -(alkyl), -(haloalkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), -(cycloalkyl), -(cycloalkylalkyl), -(heteroalkyl), heterocycle, heterocycloalkyl, -(alkylheteroalkyl), -(alkylaryl), —OH, —OAc, —O-(alkyl), —O-(alkenyl), —O-(alkynyl), —O-(aryl), —O-(heteroaryl), —SH, —S-(alkyl), —S-(alkenyl), —S-(alkynyl), —S-(aryl), —S-(heteroaryl), —NH2, —NH-(alkyl), —NH-(alkenyl), —NH-(alkynyl), —NH-(aryl), —NH-(heteroaryl), —C(O)R7, —S(O)R7, —SO2R7, —NHSO2R7, —OC(O)R7, —SC(O)R7, —NHC(O)R8 or —NHC(S) R8, wherein R7 is, H, -(alkyl), —OH, —O(alkyl), —NH2, —NH(alkyl) or —N(alkyl)2, and wherein R8 is, -(alkyl), —O-(alkyl), —NH2, —NH(alkyl) or —N(alkyl)2; Y is O, S, N, NH, or a bond; Z is O, S, N, NH, (CH2)o, or a bond; R5 is H, OH, halogen, alkyl, or R5 is (CH2)p and is bound to Y when Y is N to form a ring together with Z; o and

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having the structure: wherein X1 is H or alkyl; Y1 is H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, alkylaryl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-Y3 or -alkyl-C(O)Y4, and Y2 is H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, alkylaryl, -cycloalkyl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-Y3 or -alkyl-C(O)Y4, wherein each Y3 is, independently, —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH2, -NH(alkyl) or halogen, and each Y4 is, independently, —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH2, -NH(alkyl) or -N(alkyl)2; Z1 is H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, alkylaryl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-Z3 or -alkyl-C(O)Z4, and Z2 is H, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, alkylaryl, -aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-Z3 or -alkyl-C(O)Z4, wherein each Z3 is, independently, —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH2, -NH(alkyl) or halogen, and each Z4 is, independently, —OH, -O(alkyl), —NH2, -NH(alkyl) or -N(alkyl)2; R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each, independently, —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —NO2, —CN, —CF3, —CF2H, —OCF3, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), —OH, —OAc, -O-(alkyl), -O-(alkenyl),

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions and methods of treating motor neuron diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A modulator of a heat shock protein, such as an Hsp70 family member protein, may be used in the present method. Alternatively, a mutant heat shock protein may be used.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems and methods for sequencing nucleic acids using nucleotide analogues and translocation of tags from incorporated nucleotide analogues through a nanopore. In aspects, this disclosure is related to composition, method, and system for sequencing a nucleic acid using tag molecules and detection of translocation through a nanopore of tags released from incorporation of the molecule.

Abstract: A microscope routes excitation light through a first set of optical components so the excitation light is projected into a sample and forms a sheet of excitation light at an oblique angle. The position of the sheet varies depending on an orientation of the scanning element. The first set of optical components routes detection light back to the scanning element, which routes the detection light into a second set of optical components. The second set of optical components forms an intermediate image plane that is imaged onto a detector. In some embodiments, a folding mirror is disposed between the first and second sets of optical components. In some embodiments, an optically transparent spacer covers the first objective and is configured to press against tissue being imaged. This spacer sets the working distance for the first objective to capture a particular range of depths within the tissue.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having the structure: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, and a method of treating a subject afflicted with a pain, a depressive disorder, a mood disorder, an anxiety disorder, borderline personality disorder, opioid addiction, or opioid withdrawal symptoms by administering the compound to the subject.

Abstract: Described herein are devices, systems, and methods for trapping single-cell lysates in sealed, microwells capable of printing RNA on glass or capturing RNA on beads. These provide efficient, inexpensive manipulation of RNA from individual cells suitable for single-cell transcriptomics on a large scale. Also described are dual barcode capture beads and merged barcode capture beads.