Abstract: A printing apparatus and method. The printing apparatus is for impinging liquids from at least two liquid sources. The apparatus comprises a first jet actuator configured to dispense a first liquid from a first liquid source and a second jet actuator configured to dispense a second liquid from a second liquid source. The apparatus further comprises an adjustment element configured to adjust a trajectory of at least the first liquid dispensed from the first jet actuator such that the first liquid impinges the second liquid dispensed from the second jet actuator.

Abstract: System, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to estimating reachable states for a vehicle using a neural model. In one embodiment, a method includes generating an unverified command by a first controller and a safety command by a second controller for a projected path by an automated driving system (ADS) associated with a vehicle. The method also includes estimating reachable states by a neural network (NN) model that uses the unverified command and an initial condition for the vehicle, the reachable states representing positions and orientations for the vehicle within a bounded time and a state space associated with the initial condition and the projected path. The method also includes, upon determining that the reachable states satisfy collision criteria, executing by the vehicle a maneuver with the safety command for the projected path and generating subsequent commands using vehicle data from the first controller and the second controller.

Abstract: In an aspect there is disclosed examples of a clamp (10, 110) for measuring a tension of a conveyor belt (12). The clamp (10, 110) including a clamping portion (18, 118) arranged to engage with opposing faces of the conveyor belt (12) in a clamped condition to hold the conveyor belt (12) relative to an anchor, and a load sensing arrangement (22, 122) associated with the clamping portion (18, 118) configured to provide a signal indicative of the tension in the conveyor belt (12) in the clamped condition. A system and related method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wall shear stress sensor comprising first and second optical gratings, an incident light source and a photodetector. The second optical grating overlaps the first optical grating such that the first optical grating and second optical grating form a Moiré fringe pattern, wherein the second optical grating is displaceable relative to the first optical grating in response to a wall shear stress imparted on the sensor, and wherein displacement of the second optical grating correlates with a phase shift in the Moiré fringe pattern. The incident light source is configured to sequentially illuminate a plurality of discrete locations distributed across the Moiré fringe pattern. The photodetector is configured to detect light intensity reflected from each discrete location on the Moiré fringe pattern. A method of using the sensor and a two dimensional wall shear stress sensor system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A two-dimensional wall shear stress sensor comprising fixed and floating substrates, an incident light source and first and second photodetectors. The fixed substrate supports a first plurality of optical gratings. The floating substrate supports a second plurality of optical gratings superimposed over the first plurality of optical gratings to form a plurality of Moire fringe patterns comprising at least a first Moire fringe pattern extending in a first direction and a second Moire fringe pattern extending in a second direction different to the first direction. The floating substrate is displaceable relative to the fixed substrate in response to a wall shear stress imparted on the sensor, wherein displacement of the floating substrate correlates with a phase shift in at least one of the first and second Moire fringe patterns. An incident light source is configured to illuminate each of the plurality of Moire fringe patterns.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to gyroscopes comprising: a cyclic symmetric proof mass for bearing on a first surface degenerate, spatially orthogonal primary and secondary modes of vibration which become coupled in response to rotation about an axis of the proof mass; at least one actuator for inducing a primary surface acoustic wave of circumferential order n associated with the primary mode; and at least one sensor for sensing a secondary surface acoustic wave of circumferential order n associated with the secondary mode.

Abstract: Machine readable instructions, a data processing apparatus and a method are provided to determine one or more properties of motor units of skeletal muscle by analyzing a time series of Magnetic Resonance, MR, images representing a slice of a body part to identify signal voids in one or more images of the series. A comparison of at least one characteristic of the identified signal voids in the images is performed with a control data set of MR images produced by applying a controlled stimulus to a motor nerve to establish inherent characteristics of signal voids corresponding to motor units of skeletal muscle. Properties of candidate motor units are analyzed to confirm or reject them as motor units and at least one of: a firing frequency of at least one of the confirmed motor units, a size of at least one of the confirmed motor units, a number of confirmed motor units in a given image area or a shape of at least one of the confirmed motor units is determined.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods of identifying, monitoring or determining the risk of developing a protein misfolding neurodegenerative disorder in a subject, particularly an alpha synucleinopathy (including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) using extracellular vesicle samples. Corresponding methods for selecting a treatment and assaying for the presence of a pathological prion-like protein (or one or more ceramide species) in an extracellular vesicle sample are also provided.

Abstract: A bone cement pressuriser (50) comprising a pressuriser head. The pressuriser head has a first side (51) coupled to or configured to couple to an end of a pressuriser handle and a second side (52) configured to transfer pressure to bone cement in a bone cavity. The second side of the pressuriser head is defined by a first, convex curved surface (53) and a second surface (54) forming a ring surrounding the first surface and extending radially beyond the first surface. A method of pressurising bone cement using the bone cement pressuriser is also disclosed. The first surface is configured to pressurise bone cement within a bone cavity and the second surface is configured to both pressurise bone cement within the bone cavity and to seal about the periphery of the bone cavity.

Abstract: A method for treating endometrial cancer comprising: administering to a patient a cannabis extract (CE) wherein the cannabis extract comprises cannabidiol (CBD) at between 50% and 99% by weight of the CE.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming crystals of chemical molecules. The methods are effective even when only very small amounts of a compound are available and can be used to explore the experimental crystallisation space including screening for optimal crystallisation conditions such as for polymorphic phases, salts, solvates and co-crystals of chemical molecules and to provide single crystals for structural determination of unknown molecules by single crystal X-ray crystallography.

Abstract: Methods for treating ovarian cancer comprising: administering to a patient and effective amount of a cannabis extract comprising CBD, wherein preferably, the cannabis extract is administered via a mucosal formulation.

Abstract: A method for treating a noncancerous gynecological disorder comprising: administering to a patient and effective amount of composition comprising a cannabis extract comprising cannabidiol (CBD), wherein the composition is preferably administered in a mucosal form, such as intravaginally.

Abstract: An optogenetic system and method for preventing or halting seizures. The system and method use a sensor for monitoring the activity of a neural network containing a group of target neurons, and generating an input signal indicative of said activity, the target neurons being excitatory neurons. Excitatory stimulation is delivered in the form of an optical signal by an optical stimulator to the target neurons, the optical signal being determined based on the input signal, to reduce the overall activity of the target neurons.

Abstract: A method of layer-by-layer deposition for thin-film fabrication and a layer-by-layer deposition apparatus for thin-film fabrication. The method comprises the steps of at least partially immersing a substrate in a reservoir of a charged solution to deposit a layer on the substrate and spraying the substrate with an atomized charged solution to deposit a layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for simultaneously providing a plurality of probe response signals indicative of electrical activity at a respective plurality of locations in a patient. The apparatus comprises a rigid needle shaft element comprising a piercing tip and a substrate supporting a plurality of electrode tracks, secured to the needle shaft element and extending along the shaft element away from the piercing tip. Each electrode track extends from a sensing end region arranged for providing a respective probe response signal responsive to localised electrical activity, along the region of the substrate, to a respective bond pad connection region. Recording surface regions of the plurality of electrode tracks are spaced apart in a plurality of substantially linear spaced apart configurations along the substrate.

Abstract: A method of preparing a water in oil emulsion comprises forming a mixture of oil and emulsifying agent, progressively adding an aqueous salt solution to the mixture and dispersing the aqueous salt solution into the mixture. A concentrated water in oil emulsion is formed with drops of the aqueous salt solution (1) packed inside the oil solution phase (2). The emulsion is added to water and then mixed so that the emulsion absorbs the water. The salt concentration of the emulsion relative to the salt concentration of the water is controlled. Methods of agglomerating fine hydrophobic particles in a slurry using the water in oil emulsion are provided, where the emulsion is added to the slurry and then mixed so that the emulsion absorbs the water in the slurry. The salt concentration of the emulsion relative to the salt concentration of the slurry is controlled.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming crystals of chemical molecules. The methods are effective even when only very small amounts of a compound are available and can be used to explore the experimental crystallisation space including screening for optimal crystallisation conditions such as for polymorphic phases, salts, solvates and co-crystals of chemical molecules and to provide single crystals for structural determination of unknown molecules by single crystal X-ray crystallography.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of detecting or determining aging and/or oxidative damage in tissue, including placental tissue, skin, kidney and brain tissue. One embodiment provides a method for detecting or determining aging in body tissue, comprising measuring one or more markers of aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) expression or activity in a biological sample, wherein the level of AOX1 expression or activity, or of the one or more markers, is indicative of aging in the tissue. Also provided herein are methods of treating a disease or condition associated with ageing or oxidative damage in one or more cells or tissues, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an inhibitor of AOX1.

Abstract: A method of agglomerating fine particles such as ultrafine coal in a beneficiation process, uses a water in oil emulsion to significantly reduce the amount of oil needed compared with known oil in water emulsions. A solution of oil and emulsifying agent is provided to which water is progressively added forming a concentrated water in oil emulsion with stabilized water drops (1) packed inside the oil solution phase (2). Fine particles in a slurry are then added, causing the fine particles to collide and stick to the emulsion particles. An optional form of the invention coats tiny portions of the emulsion in a thin film of low viscosity oil (5) to achieve a higher level of selectivity.