Abstract: Each connection between a package output and an element to be wired is made by means of a conductive clip soldered to the output and to the element to be wired, the clip being constitued by a head and a tail provided with soldering alloy and being shaped beforehand and pre-positioned between the element and the output; the head of the clip getting plugged into the output.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for diminishing flicker of a liquid crystal display (LCD) by producing a variable temporal modulation of the fluorescent tubes providing rear illumination of the LCD matrix panel. Fluorescent tubes are placed in a sequence behind the panel, parallel to lines of pixels of the panel. A high frequency supply of each tube is modulated by a low frequency periodic pulse control signal, the chopping rate of which is modulated. The modulation in the chopping rate of each low frequency periodic pulse control signal is determined by corresponding control signal. The control signals, delivered by a generator, are T/M phase shifted between two consecutive control signals, T being the image refreshing period and M the number of tubes. The control signals are individually adjusted to cause a rear illumination substantially in phase opposition with a means optical transmission of a zone of pixels facing each tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transistor or diode type Josephson effect device, at least two electrodes of which are made of superconductive material. If the Josephson effect is to be exerted in a semiconductor layer between the access electrodes, the distance between them should be smaller than the length of coherence, namely 10 to 1000 angstroms. According to the disclosure, the control channel between access electrodes is replaced by two channels perpendicular to the semiconductor layer, located between the two access electrodes and a layer of superconductive material placed between the substrate and the semiconductor layer. The disclosure can be applied to transistors, phototransistors and diodes with high switching speed.

Abstract: A guided projectile, especially a propelled or ballistic missile, has its trajectory corrected by gas jets from pulse thrusters disposed in at least on axial plane of the missile symmetrically on opposite sides of the center of gravity thereof and whose thrusts are countered, when no longer needed, by the operation of diametrically opposite pulse thrusters in the same plane and at the same side of the center of gravity. The pulse thrusters are formed as gas generators which can be triggered to feed respective nozzles. The projectile is also roll stabilized, e.g. by a rotatable empennage. The transverse thrusts produced by the pulse thrusters are controlled by a sensor which responds to deviations from the correct orientation of the missile. The invention is particularly applicable to self-guided or homing tactical weapons.

Abstract: This invention concerns a system to protect active or passive electronic equipment from radar detection. In other words equipment which transmits or receives microwave radiation, for example a radar or telecommunications transmitter or receiver.For this purpose, the transmitting surface of the equipment is covered by a device which can be controlled to apply a phase shift of approximately .pi./2 to the incident wave; this enables a microwave incident on the equipment to be modulated in phase. The frequency spectrum of the wave reflected by the equipment is modified and spread thus making it more difficult to detect the equipment. To avoid any perturbation of the operation of the equipment, an inverse modulation is applied to signals transmitted and/or received by the equipment itself.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the making of microlenses for optical applications (display for example) resulting from the deposition of a liquid on a substrate, the surface of which has been locally modified so as to increase the wetting capacity of the liquid thereon. The substrate may be a polymer and the wetting liquid may be an organic fluid capable of hardening by an adapted treatment.

Abstract: A method for the making of an optoelectronic device comprising at least one quantum well, the barriers of which are made of GaInP and the well of which is made of GaAs, is carried out by the interdiffusion of elements between barriers and quantum wells in such a way that there is a migration of at least indium elements from a barrier to the quantum well. The method can be applied to the making of quantum well lasers, photodetectors and optical guides.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor comprises, on a substrate, a layer of semiconductor material incorporating natural or artificial inclusions of superconducting material. The source, drain and gate electrodes are made on this layer. Applications: field-effect transistors with low gate control voltage. FIG. 3.

Abstract: An IFF airborne antenna including a single primary radiating element 20 with a plurality of nuisance elements 30, 40, 50 associated with the primary radiating element is disclosed in conjunction with a switching device for switching respective nuisance elements so as to selectively modify the characteristics pattern of the primary radiating element in order to obtain either an omnidirectional pattern corresponding to the pattern of the IFF surveillance mode or a first directional pattern corresponding to the fore directional pattern in the IFF interrogation mode or a second directional pattern corresponding to the monitoring pattern in the IFF interrogation mode. The switching of the nuisance elements makes it possible to selectively obtain the fore directional pattern corresponding either to a first IFF standard (Western standard) on a first frequency band or to a second IFF standard (Eastern standard) on a second frequency band which is different from the first frequency band.

Abstract: A projection display device is provided with a negative feedback chain designed to correct all the faults of the projected image, said faults resulting as much from the projection tubes and from their optic systems (geometrical or focusing faults) as from the differences between these tubes (faults in convergence, colorimetry or uniformity of brilliance). The negative feedback chain comprises a test chart generating means, a means to retake the entire projected image and means for the comparision of the signals coming from the test image and from the retaken image. Correction signals are prepared on the basis of this comparison and are applied to the different control circuits defining the projection characteristics. The disclosed device can also be used for the real-time follow-up of the adjustments obtained in a phase prior to the projection of the sequence of useful video images. The invention can be applied notably to video projectors, retro-projection display devices or beam-index tubes.

Abstract: An electronic bolometer comprises at least a quantum well between two barrier layers. It has an input side parallel to the quantum-well layer and receiving a beam at a quasi-normal incidence angle. Two electrodes disposed perpendicularly to the quantum-well layers allow to measure a change in the resistivity of said quantum well.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-icer system that can be used to neutralize the effects of a nuclear electromagnetic pulse or of parasitic electromagnetic fields coming from other radars transmitting in the vicinity. This anti-icer comprises a sheet of conductive wires positioned on a screen placed before the aperture of the radar antenna and connected in series/parallel combinations to the terminals of a supply source so that each is crossed by a heating current. The conductive wires of the sheet and their interconnections form at least one pair of patterns, on the screen, that are symmetrical with reference to an axis. This symmetry provides for a neutralization by opposition of the induced electromotive forces. FIG. 2.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to color image display devices in which the light is modulated spatially by a liquid crystal display screen, and is designed to improve the luminous efficiency and resolution of the color image in display devices of this kind. The disclosed display device includes a light source and a liquid crystal display screen. Each cell of the liquid crystal display screen has means to modulate the two orthogonal polarizations of light independently of each other.

Abstract: The magnetic head of the invention is composed of several micro-heads each of which comprises, on a substrate (2'), a garnet (3') and two pole pieces (7, 8) separated by a narrow air-gap (9).

Abstract: The invention concerns a reticulable polymer for use in non-linear optics, the polymer being constituted of a skeleton to which side chains are attached; one chain ensures the amorphous nature of the polymer, the skeleton consisting of polyacrylic, polystyrene or polysiloxane, and a second side chain able to generate non-linear optical effects and terminating in a heat or photochemically reticulable group.

Abstract: In a matrix array of photosensitive elements, each photosensitive point is provided with a photosensitive element (pin photodiode) in series with a capacitor between a row lead and a column lead. It is proposed to make use of a simplified photosensitive element in which an end semiconductor layer is suppressed such as, for example, the n-layer of a pin photodiode or the n-layer of a five-layer phototransistor of the nipin type. The dielectric of the capacitor then comes directly into contact with an intrinsic semiconductor layer in which electrons accumulate. These electrons reconstitute the equivalent of an n-type doped layer.

Abstract: A laser having a glass enclosure placed in an optical cavity receives a pump beam and generates at least one first-order and one second-order Stokes wave. The construction is such that an optical waveguide placed in the gas enclosure is used to select the first and the second-order Stokes wave.

Abstract: In a device for the transmission, by an asynchronous network, notably a network of the ATM type, of signalling data elements, channel by channel, assembled in a multiframe transmitted synchronously in out-of-band mode, the information elements are conveyed, in the asynchronous network, in packets of data bits, each, packet being formed by an information cell including, firstly, a header carrying an address and, secondly, a useful field carrying the information to be transmitted. On a transmission side, the device includes an apparatus for acquiring signalling data elements of each channel of the multiframe; a device to detect changes in the state of these data elements; and a device for the generation, on the network, at each change thus detected, of an information cell containing the new signalling data element and the address associated with the corresponding channel.

Abstract: A device for the control of a phase-locked loop with frequency changing comprises an oscillator (10), a mixer (20) of signals, and a phase/frequency detector (40). The control device comprises a frequency comparator (60) to compare the frequency Fv of the signal given by the oscillator and the transposition frequency Fx, and an inhibiting circuit (70) sensitive to the frequency comparator and interposed between the mixer and the phase/frequency detector to block the beat frequency Fv-Fx at input of the phase/frequency detector. The disclosed device can be used to release the loop automatically during major changes in the loop control frequency F.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the measurement of small time lags between a signal edge and a reference instant defined by another signal edge. It consists of the use of a signal edge for the prompting, by means of shock-excited resonating filters, of the appearance of two sinusoidal signals in quadrature constituting the components of a complex vector with a substantially constant module, the phase of said complex vector developing linearly in the course of time, and in deducing, from the value of this phase at the sampling reference instant, the value of the time lag between the reference instant and the signal edge. It can be applied more particularly to the measurement of short time lags of a few nanoseconds.