Abstract: In order to measure the refractive index of a fluid use is made of a rod (1) which projects into the fluid and has a refractive index which is slightly larger than that of the fluid. At the end which is not immersed in the fluid, the rod is provided with a light source (3) radiating into the rod and with a light detector (5). That part of the rod which is to be immersed in the fluid is partially surrounded by a casing which permits only total reflection of the light, while at the site of the part or parts of the rod not surrounded by the casing refracted light can, depending on the refractive index of the fluid, leak into the fluid. A casing which is stable against the corrosive action of an aggressive fluid, such as concentrated sulphuric acid in a battery, consists, according to the invention, of a layer (10), trapped in a transparent tube (8), of a medium which has a lower refractive index than the said rod, in particular gas or vacuum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a platinum-(IV)-diamine complex of the formula: ##STR1## to a method for the preparation of said compound and to a preparation with an antitumor action containing said compound. Further said preparations with an antitumor action containing said compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a polymer network comprising a poly(meth) acrylate which is linked by means of oligomer chains which contain chemically bound ethylene oxide units as hydratable groups, the ethylene oxide units being present in the form of oligomer blocks containing 5/14 200 ethylene oxide units, for coating and/or impregnating a substrate or for manufacturing products such as eye lenses and matrices for immobilizing and/or the regulated release of active substances. The polymer network has improved mechanical properties and a desirable permeability to water or water vapour.

Abstract: A device for severing the carotid artery of a slaughter animal, in particular a pig, with a pointed object or a knife, comprising a knife guide carried by a movable support, wherein the support to be moved along the breast side of the slaughter animal bears a scanning element for detecting a part of the body which is in a known spatial relationship with the place where the carotid artery must be severed. Said part of the body is preferably formed by the transition from the breast bone to the neck. Advantageously, the support comprises a plate with two sliding ribs. The scanning element may be formed by a spring-supported running wheel which can be moved at right angles to the plane through the sliding ribs.

Abstract: Bifunctional oligosaccharides, characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms or an alkali metal, R.sub.2 represents a single bond or a divalent radical compound of monosaccharides and glc represents glucose, are obtained with the help of a specific microbial lyase cleaving the glucose-glucoronic acid bond in polysaccharides; said bifunctional oligosaccharides can be reacted with all kinds of products like proteins and drugs resulting in products having modified properties like solubility etc.

Abstract: The removal of water vapor from a gas/vapor mixture by means of vapor permeation takes place by passing the mixture to be separated along one side of a membrane and the permeation of water vapor through the membrane is achieved by maintaining a relatively low partial pressure of water vapor on the other side of the membrane. To increase the flux the membrane is impregnated beforehand with a hygroscopic electrolyte.

Abstract: Filter device for removing entrained fine solid particles from a gas stream, comprising a charging system (12) and an electrified granular filter (11) downstream of the charging system which is formed by at least one layer (14) of granules of non electrically conducting material and means for forming an electric field across the granules, the granule layer (14) being formed by a self-supporting, highly porous body, such as a body constructed of granules which are sintered together to form a sintered self-supporting granule layer.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for detecting low concentrations of at least one (bio-) chemical component present in a test medium in a test cell, having a metal layer as sub wall with an external glass prism, using the surface plasmon resonance effect. A light ray is coupled in and, after attenuated total reflection, is coupled out and the intensity thereof is measured. The incidence angle position of the resonance curve is determined under the influence of the change, caused by the component, in the dielectric constant of the test medium near the metal layer. An adjustable selector is applied to the metal layer, in order to influence the incidence angle position of the resonance curve, through which the concentrations or concentration changes of one or more components in the test medium can be simultaneously determined through one or more differential measurements. A preferential association and therefor a higher concentration at the metal layer of one component above another is brought about.

Abstract: A membrane module for hyperfiltration or ultra filtration of liquid flows comprises a membrane envelope (1) spirally wound around a tube (4) provided with openings and the membrane layers of which are alternately kept at a distance from each other by retentate spacers and permeate spacers (2), which retentate spacers comprise relatively rigid rods or wires (3) extending parallel to the center line of the module. In order to obtain a very constant and defined geometry of the retentate flow channels and a favorable ratio between membrane surface and module volume, the width dimension of the rods measured perpendicular to the membrane layers is 0.5 to 2.5 mm and the distance between the rods is 4 to 12 times said width dimension. Said width dimension of the rods measured perpendicular to the membrane layers should be at least three times the diameter of the largest particles in the liquid flow to be filtered.

Abstract: Confocal laser scanning microscope comprising a laser as point light source, a deflection system for the line and frame scanning and a lens system, at least one objective near the object, an object stage, a spatial filter and a detector, and an electronic control and imaging-processing system. The object is scanned point by point by the light beam and measurement is made with the detector only where the point light source is focused so that out-of-focus light is not detected. As a result resolution and contrast in three dimensions, in particular, axially to the image plane can be improved considerably, and 3D information can be derived from the object.

Abstract: An identification system, consisting of at least one stationary element and at least one movable element or token, the first element having a first induction coil adapted to generate a magnetic alternating field and being connected to a source of alternating current, and to a detector for detecting variations of the electromagnetic field, the detector being adapted to compare the detected patterns, the second element having a second induction coil adapted to pick up the field of the first coil and being connected to a rectifier circuit adapted to rectify the induction voltage of the second coil, a capacitive storage device being provided for smoothing the rectified voltage, a control circuit being fed by the rectified voltage and receiving, at an input terminal, the ac voltage induced in the second coil, the control circuit having an encoding deive adapted to produce, at an output terminal, code signals identifying the second element, these code signals being used for actuating a switch which, in one conditio

Abstract: A substrate for an apparatus for quantitative detection of a component present in a gas or liquid, in which substrate elastic vibrations can be generated, said substrate being provided with a surface layer adapted to bond said component, so that the vibration behavior of said layer is changed. At least the surface portion of said substrate consists of a substance with active sites (A) for covalent bonding situated at its free surface, to which sites (A) molecules of a substance (X) are covalently bonded which, on the other hand, possess active sites (B) for selectively and reversibly bonding by means of a coordinative bond of the molecules of the component (G) to be detected.

Abstract: Method for the preparation of catalysts on support materials, such as strontiumtitanate, which serve for the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds such as alkenes, alkynes and aromates, which catalysts consist of rhodium-metal on support, obtained by applying rhodiumcarbonyl-clusters to a support in an inert atmosphere and then pyrolyzing them at a relatively low temperature of for instance 150.degree. C.The material, thus applied to the support is activated by means of a reaction with oxygen, preferably between 0.degree. and 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for determining the amount of solid material dispersed in a liquid. The device and method allow for the passage of a beam of light into the liquid containing the dispersed solid through the meniscus of a gas-liquid interface window which is formed. The meniscus is periodically or continuously renewed by a flow of gas. The scattering or transmission of the light through the liquid is then detected and provides a measurement of the amount of solid material dispersed in the liquid.

Abstract: A process for producing cyclodextrin from starch in which an aqueous solun of starch is subjected to the action of an active cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and the reaction mixture containing cyclodextrin, starch degradation products and active enzyme is continuously subjected to an ultrafiltration process to effect passage of the formed cyclodextrin through the membrane, while retaining substantially all of the other starch degradation products and active enzyme, thus permitting more cyclodextrin to be formed in the retentate, which will then pass the membrane, collecting the aqueous solution of cyclodextrin and recovering the cyclodextrin.