Abstract: A coal - water slurry at high concentration which has a low viscosity and favorable flowing property is prepared by using a surface active substance prepared by sulfonating and oxidizing at least one of the starting materials selected from distilled petroleum oils, petroleum pitches, asphalts, distilled coal oils, coal pitches or coals, applying condensation as required and then neutralizing the thus obtained product with alkalis.

Abstract: An antibacterial surface active agent comprising an effective amount of at least one cyclic amide represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkylaryl group, alkylarylalkyl group, hydroxyalkyl group, acyl group or hydroxyl-substituted acyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in total, R', R" and R'" are hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, A is hydrogen atom or methyl group, 0.ltoreq.W.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.X+Z.ltoreq.3, 0.ltoreq.Y.ltoreq.3, 0.ltoreq.p+q+r.ltoreq.3, m=1 or 2 and n=2 or 3; said compound may assume a structure in which, if necessary, the nitrogen atoms, except for the amide grouping, may combine with an organic acid radical by covalent bond or to add to an organic or inorganic acid.

Abstract: Brake fluids of good quality which increase wet equilibrium reflux boiling point without increasing rubber swelling property and disperse or dissolve homogeneously the additives and metals extracted from rubber brake cups and cylinder pipes can be obtained by dissolving semipolar borates containing a bond represented by the formula, ##STR1## which can be a hybridized orbital between SP.sup.2 and SP.sup.3 with regard to boron atom and having at least two hydroxyl groups outside said bond and heteroborates comprising an SP.sup.2 hybridized orbital and containing butyl group and methyl group in their molecule in polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers comprising a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group.

Abstract: A process for quench hardening metal is provided. The process comprises heating the metal to a quench hardening temperature and thereafter immersing the metal in a quenching medium which is an aqueous solution containing 0.4 to 10% by weight of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, or a salt thereof. The process provides a perfect and uniformly hardened quenched structure and allows the production of a quenched structure having a desired degree of hardness.

Abstract: A lubricating composition for metal working comprisingA. about 10 to 60% by weight of a water-soluble non-ionic surfactant component comprising at least one ofI. a polyoxyalkylene glycol ester of a fatty acid represented by the general formula (I)r.sup.1 coo(r.sup.2 o).sub.n H (I)or the general formula (II)R.sup.1 COO(R.sup.2 O).sub.n OCR.sup.1 (II)ii. a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether of a fatty alcohol represented by the general formula (III)R.sup.3 O(R.sup.2 O).sub.n H (III)iii. a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether of a fatty alcohol esterified with a fatty acid represented by the general formula (IV)r.sup.3 o(r.sup.2 o).sub.n OCR.sup.1 (IV)andIv. a polyoxyalkylene glycol condensate of a glyceride esterified with a fatty acid represented by the general formula (V) ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1 CO represents a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid acyl group having about 12 to 22 carbon atoms;R.sup.1.sup.

Abstract: A novel quenching medium for steel is provided. The quenching medium is a 0.5-10 wt. % aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, or a salt thereof. Intrinsic viscosity [.eta.] of the polymer is from 0.010 to 0.050 l/g. The quenching medium is superior in various quenching characteristics to conventional quenching media.

Abstract: A reducing hot rolling oil for copper and copper alloys comprising 1000 parts by weight of water, 6 - 200 parts by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid type, sulfate type and phosphate type anionic surface active agents, and 0.8 - 200 parts by weight of at least one hydroxyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of alcohols, alkylene glycols and glycol ethers. The rolling oil can provide copper and copper alloys with lubricity, oxide film removing ability and oxide film formation preventing ability by spraying between a rolling mill and the metal to be rolled on the hot rolling of copper and copper alloys.The present invention relates to a rolling oil.