Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for the polymerization of olefins, and provides a catalyst component of magnesium support type which has a high catalytic activity as well as improved catalytic grain strength sufficient for practical use and which hardly deteriorates even after storage for a long time. The catalyst component is obtained by contacting(a) metallic magnesium with(b) a hydrocarbon represented by the general formula RX wherein R is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms and X is a halogen atom, then contacting the resulting composition with(c) a compound represented by the general formula X.sup.1 nM(OR.sup.1).sub.m-n wherein X.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, M is a boron, carbon, aluminum, silicon or phosphorus atom, R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m is the atomic valence of M and m>n.gtoreq.0, and(d) a titanium alkoxide represented by the general formula Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4 wherein R.sup.

Abstract: The mechanical strength of stabilized zirconia is improved without lowering the ion conductivity by providing a solid electrolyte comprising stabilized zirconia and a metal oxide dispersed within grains or grain boundaries of stabilized zirconia, the metal oxide having an average submicron particle size and stabilized zirconia having an average particle size larger than 1 micron, typically larger than 10 .mu.m or even 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a catalyst component of metal oxide support type which has a high catalytic activity, that is, a little catalyst residue in a polymer, as well as improved catalytic grain strength sufficient for practical use and which hardly deteriorates even after storage for a long time. The catalyst component is obtained by contacting(a) a metal oxide with(b) a dihydrocarbyl magnesium, then contacting the resulting composition with(c) a compound represented by the general formula X.sup.1 .sub.n M(OR.sup.1).sub.m-n wherein X.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, M is a boron, carbon, aluminum, silicon or phosphorus atom, R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m is the atomic valence of M and m>n.gtoreq.0, and(d) a titanium alkoxide represented by the general formula Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4 wherein R.sup.

Abstract: A shaped body is disclosed which comprises substantially amorphous, silicon nitride-based ceramic containing Si, N and B as essential components and O, C and H as optional components in amounts providing the following atomic ratios:N/Si: 0.05 to 2.5,B/Si: 0.01-3,O/Si: 2.0 or less,C/Si: 1.5 or less, andH/Si: 0.1 or less.

Abstract: In an engine using fuel of low startability, there are provided an ultrasc atomizer and a fuel injection valve arranged on a suction pipe of the engine, and a catalyzer unit mounted between said ultrasonic atomizer and a fuel injection valve. When the engine is started, the fuel atomized by the ultrasonic atomizer is supplied to the catalyzer unit to generate an intermediate product of high volatility. After the engine has been started, fuel is supplied through the fuel injection valve. When a fuel is passed through the catalyzer unit such as methanol fuel, aldehyde is generated by a decomposition reaction, reforming reaction, partial oxidation reaction, etc., or dimethylether is generated by a dehydrating condensation reaction. By supplying this intermediate product of high volatility to the engine, the startability of the engine at low temperatures is improved.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of a catalytic component for the polymerization of olefins, in particular, for the production of a catalytic component capable of exhibiting a high polymerization activity in the polymerization of olefins and giving a polymer containing less low molecular weight components in effective manner. This process is characterized by a process for the production of a catalytic component for the polymerization of olefins, which comprises contacting (a) metallic magnesium, (b) a halogenated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula RX wherein R is an alkyl group, ary group or cycloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and (c) a compound represented by the general formula X.sup.1.sub.n M(OR.sup.1).sub.m-n in which X.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, M is boron, carbon, aluminum, silicon or phosphorus atom, R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m is the atomic valence of M and m>n.

Abstract: A damper device for a suspension device for a vehicle in which the damping fluid is an electro-viscosity fluid and an electric control unit is provided for controlling the electric field in the electro-viscosity fluid, to thereby control the damping factor of the damper device. A sensor is used for detecting vibration at the wheels, such as an acceleration rate of the suspension device, and the detected vibration is used for controlling the strength of the electric field, to thereby control the damping characteristic of the damper.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran by the catalytic hydrogenation in the gas phase of .gamma.-butyrolactone using a solid catalyst comprising copper and silicon, copper, chromium, and manganese or copper, chromium, manganese and barium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst suitable for hydrotreating hydrocarbonaceous oils which catalyst is comprised of at least one hydrogenative-active metal component supported on a carrier material comprised of about 20 to 60 weight percent of amorphous silica-alumina and about 80 to 40 weight percent of crystalline alumina having an average crystallite size of 35 .ANG., or less.

Abstract: A system for operating a two-cycle spark ignition engine, comprising an ultrasonic atomizer that is disposed in an intake pipe of the spark ignition engine. When the engine is to be started, a fuel for starting is supplied to the ultrasonic atomizer, and after the engine has been started, a gas oil is supplied to the ultrasonic atomizer to atomize and spray it into the intake pipe, thereby enabling an increase in the flow rate of fuel atomized and sprayed by the ultrasonic atomizer and realizing combustion of gas oil, and thus achieving a lowering in the fuel cost, ensuring safety and making it possible to provide a lightweight emergency pump unit which is suitable for use in vessels, for example.

Abstract: A novel sulfone compound represented by the general formula (I) or (II) is disclosed. A sizing liquid containing the sulfone compound is applied to reinforcing fibers for improving compatibility thereof to a matrix resin into which the fibers are to be incorporated to form a fiber-reinforced composite material.

Abstract: Polymers of 1,7-octadiene wherein polymerization occurs simultaneously by 1,8- and 1,2-addition.

Abstract: In the steam reforming catalyst for hydrocarbon according to the present invention, catalyst metal is supported on or in the surface layer of a zirconia carrier containing yttria and having a crystal structure primarily consisting of tetragonal system or tetragonal and cubic systems. Compared with conventional steam reforming catalyst, it has higher reaction efficiency and suppresses carbon deposition extensively even when steam/carbon ratio is low and exhibits higher hydrogen generation efficiency and higher catalyst strength. Particularly, it is suitable as a catalyst for internal reforming type fuel cell.In the steam reforming catalyst of hydrocarbon of this invention, metal catalyst can be effectively utilized by supporting metal catalyst only on surface layer of zirconia carrier.

Abstract: Polymers of 1,4-pentadiene having an Mw/Mn of 1.05 to 1.4 are produced by polymerizing 1,4-pentadiene in the presence of catalyst comprising a vanadium chelate compound and an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: A catalytic component for olefin polymerization, produced by a process which comprises causing (A) magnesium metal, (B) a halogenated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula, RX [wherein R stands for an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a cycloalkyl group each having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and X for a halogen atom], and (C) a compound represented by the general formula, X.sub.n.sup.1 M(OR.sup.1).sub.m-n [wherein X.sup.1 stands for a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, M for a boron, carbon, aluminum, silicon, or phorphorus atom, R.sup.1 stands for a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m for the valency of M, and m>n.gtoreq.

Abstract: A microporous polyolefin membrane made of a polyolefin composition containing 1 weight % or more of an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyolefin having a weight-average molecular weight of 7.times.10.sup.5 or more and having a weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight ratio of 10-300, the microporous membrane having a thickness of 0.1-25 .mu.m, a porosity of 35-95%, an average pore diameter of 0.001-0.2 .mu.m and a breaking strength of 0.2 kg or more per 15 mm width is produced by (a) preparing a solution comprising 10-50 weight % of the polyolefin composition and 50-90 weight % of a solvent; (b) extruding the solution through a die; (c) cooling the extruded solution to form a gel-like article; (d) stretching the gel-like article at a temperature equal to or lower than a melting point of the polyolefin composition +10.degree. C; and (e) removing the remaining solvent.

Abstract: A process of producing 1,4-butanediol by catalytically hydrogenating maleic acid anhydride and/or succinic acid anhydride in a gas phase and in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyborosilazane having a B/Si atomic ratio of 0.01 to 3 and a number-average molecular weight of about 200 to about 500,000 which can be pyrolyzed to give ceramics. The polyborosilazane is produced by reacting a polysilazane having a number-average molecular weight of about 100 to about 50,000 with a boron compound.

Abstract: A heptadiene polymer comprising the repeating units ##STR1## and having a number-average molecular weight of 2,000-500,000.

Abstract: In a fuel supply system for internal combustion engine provided with a fuel injection valve and an ultrasonic atomizer on suction pipe of the engine, the tip of the oscillator member of said ultrasonic atomizer is furnished with an inclined portion and a portion with reduced portion further ahead of said inclined portion. By arranging a fuel supply passage face-to-face to this inclined portion, the shape of the oscillator tip is modified, and it is possible to maintain adequate atomizing angle regardless of the quantity of supply fuel without attaching the fuel on inner wall of inlet pipe, to increase the turndown ratio and to achieve even spraying all over the circumference. Also, it is possible to shorten the starting time when external air temperature is low and to increase the combustion performance and the exhaust property, particularly, in an engine using the fuel difficult to ignite at low temperature such as alcohol, kerosene, etc.