Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and process for polymerizing olefins. One embodiment comprises polymerizing at least one monomer in a first loop reactor in the presence of a catalyst to produce a first polyolefin fraction. A portion of the first polyolefin fraction is transferred to a second loop reactor, connected in series with the first loop reactor. The process further comprises polymerizing in the second loop reactor at least one monomer in the presence of a catalyst to produce a second polyolefin fraction in addition to the first polyolefin fraction. The combination of the first and second polyolefin fractions can produce a polymer resin fluff having bimodal molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A method is provided for fracturing a geological hydrocarbon reservoir, including the static fracturing of the reservoir by hydraulic pressure, and the electrical fracturing of the reservoir by generating an electric arc in a well drilled into the reservoir. This enables the improved fracturing of the reservoir.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a particularly effective well configuration that can be used for SAGD and other steam based oil recovery methods. A central wellpad originates injector and/or producer wells, arranged in a radial pattern, and either or both provided with multilateral wells, thus effectively expanding the coverage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flow control valve to be connected to a pipe. The valve includes: a plurality of fluid transport tubes having a geometrically variable cross-section and placed in parallel with each other; and a means for connecting to the pipe and located at one end of the fluid transport tubes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a0) providing a first portion and a second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock, a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing at least 10 membered ring pore openings or larger in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone; c) contacting the first portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic

Abstract: An X-ray tomography device for providing a 3D image of a sample comprising an X-ray source, a cell, a photon detector and a processing unit. The processing unit computes the 3D image on the basis of the images corresponding to a plurality of cell angles. The device further comprises a first and a second gratings having a grating period lower than 200 nm, and a microscope between the second grating and the detector.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of fabricating solar cells. In an example, a method of fabricating a solar cell includes forming an amorphous dielectric layer on the back surface of a substrate opposite a light-receiving surface of the substrate. The method also includes forming a microcrystalline silicon layer on the amorphous dielectric layer by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The method also includes forming an amorphous silicon layer on the microcrystalline silicon layer by PECVD. The method also includes annealing the microcrystalline silicon layer and the amorphous silicon layer to form a homogeneous polycrystalline silicon layer from the microcrystalline silicon layer and the amorphous silicon layer. The method also includes forming an emitter region from the homogeneous polycrystalline silicon layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated method for gasification and indirect combustion of a solid hydrocarbon feedstock in a chemical loop, comprising: contacting solid hydrocarbon feedstock (1) with water (2) in a gasification reaction zone RG in order to discharge ashes (9) and to produce a gaseous effluent (3) comprising syngas and water, supplying reduction reaction zone RR of a redox chemical loop with at least part of gaseous effluent (3) produced in the gasification reaction zone in order to produce a CO2 and H2O-concentrated gaseous effluent (4), reoxidizing the oxygen-carrying solid particles from reduction reaction zone RR of the chemical loop in oxidation reaction zone RO by means of an oxidizing gas (6) and discharging fumes (7). The invention also relates to a plant allowing said integrated method to be implemented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the catalytic hydrotreating of a feed of oil origin, of diesel fuel type, in at least one fixed-bed hydrotreating reactor, for manufacturing diesel fuel, characterized in that incorporated into said feed are vegetable oils and/or animal fats up to a level of around 30% by weight, the mixture of said feed and vegetable oils and/or animal fats being introduced into the reactor operating in a single pass, without recycling liquid effluent at the top of the reactor. It also relates to a hydrotreating reactor for implementing said process, and to a corresponding hydrorefining unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a0) providing a first portion and a second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock, a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing at least 10 membered ring pore openings or larger in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, optionally at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone; c) contacting the first portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-contain

Abstract: Production of a mixture of ethylene and propylene from a mixture containing ethanol and isopropanol and having a water content between 30 and 75 wt. % is obtained by a process comprising: a) contacting the mixture in a dehydration unit with a dehydration catalyst chosen from: an alumina (A) having a BET specific surface area between 200 and 350 m2/g, a mean mesopore diameter between 5 and 15 nm, a sodium content of less than 50 ppm by weight, and a sulphur content of less than 40 ppm by weight; and an alumina (B) having a BET specific surface area between 130 and 180 m2/g, a mean mesopore diameter between 14 and 20 nm, a sodium content between 300 and 600 ppm by weight, and a sulphur content between 800 and 1300 ppm by weight; b) withdrawing an effluent containing ethylene and propylene from the dehydration unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of modelling a subsurface volume. History data for one or more parameters over a first period of time is obtained. The first period of time comprises a plurality of schedule periods, each schedule period having associated with it a sampled value of the considered parameter at the corresponding time. A merge error value is attributed to plural pairs of consecutive schedule periods, the merge error value representing a magnitude of the error in a merged value of each parameter over the duration corresponding to a pair of schedule periods being considered, relative to the sampled values for said pair of schedule periods being considered. The pair of schedule periods which have the smallest error value attributed thereto is merged, and the merged schedule period has attributed to it, the corresponding merged value of the corresponding parameter. The error value calculation and merger steps are repeated so as to reduce the total number of schedule periods.

Abstract: The invention concerns a purge/sampling system for vessels, particularly for high temperature, high pressure vessels such as hydroconversion reactors used in refinery processes and operated in severe conditions. Such purge/sampling system comprises a purge/sampling line (16) equipped with a connector designed to be connected to the vessel (10), a first (18 and a second (20) flow regulation systems mounted in series on the purge/sampling line, wherein at least one injection line (22) is connected to the purge/sampling line between the first and the second flow regulation systems, said injection line comprising connecting means to a source of cleaning fluid (24) and at least one flow regulation device to control the flow of cleaning fluid through injection line and purge/sampling line The invention also concerns a vessel equipped with such a purge/sampling system, as well as a cleaning method using said purge/sampling system.

Abstract: A catalyst composite may include a molecular sieve having pores of 10- or more-membered rings and a metal silicate different from the molecular sieve. The metal silicate may include at least one alkaline earth metal and one or more of the following metals: Ga, Al, Ce, In, Cs, Sc, Sn, Li, Zn, Co, Mo, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ti and V. The catalyst composite may include at least 0.1 wt % of silicate. The catalyst composite may be used in an XTO reactor or for catalytic cracking.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions include: (a) one or more polyalkylene glycol base oils obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, include at least one butylene oxide and (b) at least one detergent chosen from salicylates or phenates. The present disclosure also relates to: 1) use of a lubricant composition as engine oil, preferably as oil for the engines of petrol or diesel motor vehicles; 2) use of a group of additives for an engine lubricant comprising polyalkylene glycol bases obtained by polymerization or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; and 3) use of at least one additive chosen from salicylates, phenates, dithiocarbamates, amine-based or phenol-based antioxidants, preferably from salicylates or phenates, for reducing the Noack volatility of the base oils of polyalkylene glycol type, obtained from alkylene oxides comprising from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A composition results from the mixture of at least one copolymer A resulting from the copolymerisation of at least one monomer functionalised by diol functions and at least one compound A2 comprising at last two boronic ester functions. They have rheological properties which are very varied according to the proportion of the A1 and A2 compounds used. The field is that of associative and exchangeable polymers.

Abstract: A composition results from the mixture of at least one lubricating oil, at least one statistical copolymer A1, and at least one compound A2 including at least two boronic ester functions; the statistical copolymer A1 resulting from the copolymerisation of at least a first monomer M1 having diol functions and at least a second monomer M2 having a different chemical structure from that of the M1 monomer. The composition lubricates a mechanical part. The field is that of lubricants.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel core-shell particles comprising a core of iron oxide and a shell of cobalt oxide, characterized in that they are spherical with a number average diameter, as measured by TEM, of between 1 and 20 nm. This invention is also directed to their uses in the manufacture of a catalyst, and to the method for preparing these particles, by precipitating cobalt oxide onto magnetite or hematite particles which are themselves precipitated from Fe(III) and optionally Fe(II) salts.

Abstract: A water treatment method is provided. The method includes filtering water in a membrane filtration unit including at least one membrane filtration module, collecting a permeate and collecting a retentate at the outlet of the membrane filtration module, withdrawing solid materials and/or hydrocarbons contained in the retentate, in order to provide a treated retentate, recycling the treated retentate at the inlet of the membrane filtration module, and providing a treated water flow from the permeate from membrane filtration module(s). An installation adapted for applying this method is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use, in a hydrocarbon distillate with a boiling temperature of between 150 and 450° C. and a crystallization onset temperature as measured by Differential calorimetric Analysis of greater than or equal to ?50° C., preferably of ?5° C. to +10° C., of a homopolymer obtained from an olefinic ester of carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms and from a fatty alcohol containing a chain of more than 16 carbon atoms and optionally an olefinic double bond, as a compound for revealing the efficiency of filterability additives based on copolymer and/or terpolymers of ethylene and of vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and of a monoalcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The invention is also directed to an additive composition comprising a conventional hydrocarbon filterability additive in combination with an efficiency reveal additive, and also to the combustion fuels, motor fuel and oil fuel that comprise these additive combinations.