Abstract: A method of performing a formation process for a lithium-ion cell having an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte and a separator, the formation process including adding an additive to the electrolyte for improving a solid electrolyte interface build-up on the anode, performing a first charge of the cell at a first predetermined rate, performing a cycle of discharging/charging the cell at the first predetermined rate, repeating the cycle until a cycle maximum dQ/dV peak value is smaller than or equal to a predetermined dQ/dV value during charging of the cell and charging the cell to a fully charged capacity at a second predetermine rate, the second predetermined rate being greater than the first predetermined rate.

Abstract: A system for evaluating at least one state of a process is provided the system having means for segmenting the process into a plurality of process segments, one or more sensors configured to capture information related to each process segment of the plurality of process segments generated by the segmenting means, the information comprising a plurality of samples, and processing means configured to process the plurality of samples related to each process segment of the plurality of segments, and, based on the processing, provide an indication associated with the at least one state of the process.

Abstract: A control device for controlling charging of a non-aqueous metal air battery, the control device being configured to: determine a CO2 concentration (Cx) and an increase rate (RCO2) of CO2 concentration in the battery, charge the battery in case both the CO2 concentration (Cx) before starting charging exceeds a predetermined CO2 threshold (CT) and the increase rate of the CO2 concentration (RCO2) during charging is below a predetermined threshold value (?CT/?AhT, ?CT/?t), and stop charging when the increase rate (RCO2) exceeds the predetermined threshold value (?CT/?AhT, ?CT/?t). Also, a corresponding method of controlling charging of a rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A molding apparatus and a molding method for molding a part including an overmolded sheet, the molding apparatus including a mold including a first mold tool and a second mold tool configured to face each other and to move in relation to each other so as to define a gap between them for molding therein a part including an overmolded sheet, and at least one preforming element, distinct from the second mold tool, having a shape, or being configured to take a shape, complementary to that of a portion of the first mold tool, and configured to preform the sheet onto the portion of the first mold tool.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula Li(Ti1-xZrx)2(PS4)3, wherein 0.01?x?0.25, and found to have high ionic conductivity; a use of the compound as a solid electrolyte, in particular in an all solid-state lithium battery.

Abstract: A control device for a vehicle for determining a comfort level of a driver, the control device being configured to: receive sensor output of a physiological sensor and a behavioral sensor, the physiological sensor measuring at least one physiological feature of the driver and the behavioral sensor measuring at least one behavioral feature of the driver, receive driving context information from a driving context detection unit, create a reference data set by recording the sensor output and the driving context information over a predetermined reference time period, determine a reference index for the comfort level of the driver based on the reference data set, and determine a comfort level index value of the driver, the index value being determined as a function of a current sensor output, current driving context information and the reference index. Further relates to a system and a method.

Abstract: A discharging control system for a battery includes temperature sensing means configured to provide a temperature value associated with the battery, voltage sensing means configured to provide a voltage value associated with the battery, pressure sensing means configured to provide a pressure value associated with an internal portion of the battery, and a controller.

Abstract: Ionic compounds containing an anion, and a cation having the following structural formula (1): R1R2R3N+-(linker1)-O-(linker2)-(FC)??(1) wherein: R1 and R2 either linear or branched alkyl groups or together form a N-heterocylic ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are joined; R3 is linear or branched alkyl group; linker1 and linker2 are alkylene chains or polyether chains; and the group FC is a fluorinated alkyl group, as well as an electrolyte material comprising such an ionic compound and a metal salt, and metal-air batteries using such an electrolyte material. The invention also relates to a metal-air battery containing an electrolyte material, wherein the electrolyte material comprises at least one ionic compound and a metal salt, and wherein at least one ionic compound contains an anion CnF2n+1COO? or CnF2n+1SO3?, where in each case n is at least 1 and at most 10.

Abstract: A vehicle tailgate structure including a first panel portion including a composite material and a second panel portion overmolded onto the first panel portion, the first and second panel portions forming together a body portion, a transverse beam and side beams connecting the transverse beam to the body portion, wherein the transverse beam includes a hinge attachment portion configured to receive a hinge attachment part, wherein the first panel portion has a bent strip in the transverse beam, and wherein the bent strip is raised with respect to a remaining portion of the first panel portion.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PS4)3, wherein 0.1?x?0.75. The above compound has been found to have high ionic conductivity. Also, the use of the compound as a solid electrolyte, in particular in an all solid-state lithium battery.

Abstract: A method of synthesis of lithium titanium thiophosphate LiTi2(PS4)3 including the steps of: (a) providing a mixture of lithium sulfide Li2S, phosphorus sulfide P2S5 and titanium sulfide TiS2; (b) subjecting the mixture prepared in step (a) to a preliminary reaction step through mechanical milling or melt-quenching to produce an intermediate amorphous sulfide mixture; (c) subjecting the mixture prepared in step (b) to a heat treatment step at a maximum plateau temperature of at least 350° C. and less than 500° C.

Abstract: A charging control system for a battery includes temperature sensing means configured to provide temperature value associated with the battery, voltage sensing means configured to provide a battery's voltage value, pressure sensing means configured to provide the battery's internal portion pressure value, and a controller.

Abstract: A method for modelling engine emissions output is provided. The method includes determining a stoichiometric engine output emission value based on a dynamic data-based model and parameters associated with at least one engine operating state, wherein the at least one engine operating state is calculated at a substantially stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, selecting a target air-fuel ratio based on the at least one engine operating state and a desired engine performance, applying a predetermined static model to determine a correction factor to the stoichiometric engine output emission value, based on the target air-fuel ratio, and applying the correction factor to the determined stoichiometric engine output emission value to yield an air-fuel-ratio-corrected emission output value.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns an electrolyte suitable for calcium-based secondary cells, comprising calcium ions and an electrolyte medium, wherein the electrolyte is not solid at standard conditions and wherein the electrolyte medium includes at least two distinct non-aqueous solvents.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced plastic material is provided, the material including a fiber layer comprising a plurality of continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets, a veil layer comprising fibers selected from at least one of glass fiber and carbon fiber, and a resin layer comprising a resin film, wherein the veil layer is impregnated by at least a portion of the resin film.

Abstract: A fleet management system for managing a plurality of vehicles is provided. The system includes means for receiving data related to a deposit of a personally owned vehicle from an owner of the vehicle, the deposit being of a predetermined duration, means for receiving a travel request from a traveler other than the owner, and means for assigning the personally owned vehicle for use by the traveler during the predetermined duration based on the travel request.

Abstract: A system for determining a battery condition is provided. The system has temperature sensor configured to provide a temperature value associated with the battery, impedance measuring sensor configured to provide impedance information associated with the battery, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine a threshold impedance associated with a separator membrane of the battery based on an initial impedance of the separator membrane as measured by the impedance measuring sensor and a battery temperature as measured by the temperature sensing means, monitor, during operation of the battery, an actual impedance associated with the separator membrane of the battery based on the impedance information and the battery temperature, permit current flow to and from the battery when actual impedance is greater than the threshold impedance, and prevent current flow to and from the battery when the actual impedance is less than or equal to the threshold impedance.

Abstract: A system includes pulse generating means configured to supply a pulse at one or more predetermined current values, voltage sensing means configured to measure a voltage across the battery, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine a present impedance associated with one or more separator membranes of the battery based on a determined voltage drop at the one or more predetermined current values, determine a threshold impedance associated with the one or more separator membranes of the battery based on an initial impedance of the separator membrane and a battery temperature frequency, compare, during operation of the battery, the present impedance and the threshold impedance, permit current flow to and from the battery when the present impedance is greater than the threshold impedance, and prevent current flow to and from the battery when the present impedance is less than or equal to the threshold impedance.

Abstract: A control device for controlling charging of a rechargeable battery. The control device is configured to: determine the state of charge and the degradation of the battery before starting charging, determine a target charging curve based on the determined state of charge and degradation of the battery, the target charging curve indicating the target capacity as a function of the target voltage of the battery during charging, charge the battery thereby monitoring the capacity and the voltage of the battery, determine the voltage deviation between the target voltage and the monitored voltage based on the target charging curve and the monitored capacity, and stop charging, when the determined voltage deviation exceeds a predetermined threshold. The invention also refers to a corresponding method of controlling charging of a rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A control device for controlling discharging of a rechargeable battery, the control device being configured to: determine the voltage of the battery during discharging of the battery, stop discharging, when the determined voltage falls below a first predetermined lower voltage limit, determine the voltage of the battery after stopping discharging, determine the voltage difference between the first predetermined lower voltage limit and the determined voltage of the battery after stopping discharging, and continue discharging, when the determined voltage difference exceeds a predetermined threshold. A corresponding method controls discharging of a rechargeable battery.