Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a system (1) comprising: a total station (10) comprising a center unit (100) mounted on an alidade (110) for rotation about a first axis (A1), wherein the alidade (110) is mounted on a base (120) of the total station (10) for rotation about a second axis (A2) orthogonal to the first axis (A1), whereby a sighting axis (A3) of the total station (10) is rotatable about a rotation point; and an optical calibration element (12) connectable to the total station (10) or a support (130) on which the total station (10) is installed; and wherein the optical calibration element (12) in a connected state is arranged such that, when the sighting axis (A3) is rotated about the rotation point to form a non-zero calibration angle (B) relative to a plane having a normal parallel to the second axis (A2), the center unit (100) is aimed toward a target (14) via the optical calibration element (12).

Abstract: A scanning surveying system includes a base, an alidade mounted on the base an rotatable relative to the base about a first axis, a first motor that can rotate the alidade relative to the base, a rotating optical element coupled to the alidade and rotatable relative to the alidade about a second axis, a second motor that can rotate the rotating optical element relative to the base, an optical distance measuring unit, a sensor that can detect a motion of the scanning surveying system, and a controller. The controller can control the optical distance measuring unit (i) to perform stationary scanning operations and (ii) to automatically execute mobile scanning operations in response to a detection of motion of the scanning surveying system by the sensor. The controller can also register point cloud data from the stationary scanning operations and/or the mobile scanning operations.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention pertain to generating and transmitting information suitable for use in contributing to computing a positioning solution based on navigation satellite system (NSS) signals received by a NSS receiver, to minimize multipath and atmospheric errors in the resulting positioning solution so as to increase its accuracy. The method involves a plurality of reference stations 100, 200 comprising a primary reference station 100 and at least one secondary reference station 200. Systems and computer programs are also disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and other techniques for performing conflation between target road polylines and source road polylines stored in GIS databases. A pairing of a target road polyline and a source road polyline is obtained. The target road polyline and the source road polyline each include a sequence of connected 2D or 3D vertices that form a continuous line. A similarity score is computed between the target road polyline and the source road polyline based on one or more similarity metrics. A conflation classification is assigned to the target road polyline, the source road polyline, or the pairing based on the similarity score. The conflation classification is one of a set of possible conflation classifications. A post-classification action is performed based on the conflation classification.

Abstract: Described herein is a baseband circuit and a method of operation thereof for use in a GNSS receiver to mitigate jamming and other interference. The baseband circuit may include a time-domain interference mitigation (TDIM) circuit and a frequency-domain interference mitigation circuit (FDIM) for each of multiple RF paths. The TDIM circuit may include a set of notch filters. A processor coupled with the baseband circuit may compute a direct Fourier transform of digital samples of received satellite signals, generate a set of control parameters based on the DFT of the digital samples, and adjust the TDIM and FDIM circuits using the set of control parameters. The set of control parameters may include filter coefficients for the set of notch filters to reject multiple narrow-band interferers.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention pertain to methods carried out by a navigation satellite system (NSS) receiver for estimating parameters useful to determine a position. The receiver observes signals from satellites. Delta carrier phase observables are computed by subtracting observables of different epochs. An estimator uses state variables and computes their values based on the computed delta carrier phase observables. A synthetic carrier phase observable for an anchor epoch is generated, for each carrier phase observable of a terminus epoch for which one of the following applies: (i) a change in phase ambiguity occurred with respect to the corresponding carrier phase observable of the anchor epoch, and (ii) no corresponding carrier phase observable was tracked at the anchor epoch. Generated synthetic carrier phase observables are used to compute delta carrier phase observables between the anchor epoch and an epoch subsequent to the terminus epoch. Systems and vehicles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Some embodiments pertain to methods carried out by a navigation satellite system (NSS) receiver for estimating parameters useful to determine a position. The receiver observes NSS signals from NSS satellites. Multipath-related information indicative of an expected or estimated level of multipath where the NSS receiver antenna(s) is located is obtained. A positively skewed distribution is then determined based on the multipath-related information. Further, an estimation process, referred to as “estimator”, is operated, wherein the estimator uses state variables, computes the values of its state variables based on NSS code observations by the NSS receiver, and operates under an assumption that errors in the NSS code observations follow the determined skewed distribution. Systems, vehicles, and computer programs are also disclosed.

Abstract: A computer implemented method is presented, the method comprising: collecting feature data comprising a plurality of features, each feature associated with a model of one or more models and a value; generating a machine learning model by performing feature selection on the feature data to select a chosen feature space comprising a subset of the plurality of features, wherein the subset of the plurality of features comprises one or more additional feature, wherein the value associated with each of the one or more additional feature in the chosen feature space is set to zero; training the machine learning model using the one or more values associated with the one or more features of the subset of the plurality of features; detecting a user initiated change affecting the chosen feature space.

Abstract: There is provided a control unit for a surveying instrument having a base mounted on a support structure and a main body rotatable in relation to said base. The control unit is configured to produce a fused angle signal representative of an angular position of said main body relative to an external reference, and to provide a control signal for rotating said main body. The control unit further comprises: a resonance frequency finder configured to estimate at least one resonance frequency associated with said support structure, and a filter component configured to selectively apply at least one filter on said control signal, said fused angle signal, or said first angle signal, wherein an applied filter is configured to filter out a corresponding respective resonance frequency estimated by said resonance frequency finder. There is also provided a surveying instrument comprising such a control unit, and a method for controlling a surveying instrument.

Abstract: Techniques for operating an augmented reality (AR) device using a robotic total station (RTS) are described. An RTS reference frame is correlated with an AR reference frame. A set of RTS measurements are received from the RTS including a distance and an angle from the RTS to a reflector of the AR device. An RTS point within the RTS reference frame is determined based on the distance and the angle. An AR point is determined within the AR reference frame based on a set of vision-based or inertia-based measurements. The RTS reference frame and/or the AR reference frame is shifted to align the RTS point with the AR point. The RTS reference frame and/or the AR reference frame is rotated to align an RTS vector formed using the RTS point with an AR vector formed using the AR point.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention relate to methods carried out by a navigation satellite system (NSS) receiver for estimating parameters useful to determine a position. The NSS receiver observes NSS signals from a plurality of NSS satellites. The method comprises performing a delta-carrier-phase-observables-computation procedure. It is further determined whether a criterion, indicative of (i) continuity of carrier phase measurements from an anchor epoch to a terminus epoch, and/or (ii) stability of NSS satellite measurement geometry from the anchor epoch to the terminus epoch, is satisfied, and, if not, the anchor epoch is moved forward. Then, after determining whether the criterion is satisfied and after either moving the anchor epoch or not, the delta-carrier-phase-observables-computation procedure is performed again for a new terminus epoch. Systems and vehicles using such a method are also disclosed.

Abstract: An orientation of a rover, such as a surveying rod or a robot, is used for tilt-compensated surveying. A surveying device, separate from the rover measures a position of a first part of the rover. A position of a second part of the rover is calculated based on measuring the position of the first part of the rover, the orientation of the rover, and a known relation between the first part of the rover and the second part of the rover.

Abstract: Image data representing a two-dimensional image is received. Symbols are extracted from the image data using a detection service. The symbols are encoded into representation vectors, each representing distinct symbols. A labeled two-dimensional image is generated by (i) performing a comparison between a representation vector and representation vectors of symbols included in a library of known symbols, (ii) in accordance with determining that the corresponding representation vector exceeds a threshold similarity with a particular representation vector, applying a first label to the symbol, wherein the first label is a label of a first symbol that is represented by the particular representation vector, and (iii) in accordance with determining that the corresponding representation vector does not exceed the threshold similarity with representation vectors, applying a second label to the symbol.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and other techniques for localizing an interference signal relative to a GNSS receiver. A method includes collecting a first phase difference measurement using first and second antennas and a first angle measurement using an inertial sensor. The method includes collecting a second phase difference measurement using the first and second antennas and a second angle measurement using the inertial sensor. The method includes searching a phase difference map using the first and second phase difference measurements and an angle offset between the first and second angle measurements to identify a compatible set of phase differences in the phase difference map. The angle of arrival of the interference signal is estimated based on indices of the compatible set of phase differences in the phase difference map.

Abstract: There is provided a computer-implemented method for identifying a target object in a 3D point cloud. The 3D point cloud representing a real-world scene, and the method comprise obtaining plurality of 2D frames of the 3D point cloud depicting the target object at a respective plurality of different angles, identifying the target object in each of the plurality of 2D frames and based on identifying the object in each of the plurality of 2D frames, identifying a set of points in the 3D point cloud that represent the target object.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a surveying instrument and to a method of operating a surveying instrument for tracking of a target including a plurality of light emitting elements and/or a plurality of light reflecting elements configured to emit and/or reflect light radially. The surveying instrument includes a tracking unit configured to adjust a sighting axis of said surveying instrument towards said target by maintaining a predetermined distribution of signal levels on a light sensitive detector. The method comprises obtaining an error function representative of a misalignment of said sighting axis with respect to a reference point in the target as a function of an orientation of the target relative to said surveying instrument, receiving information indicative of an orientation of said target relative to said surveying instrument while tracking said target, retrieving an error from said error function based on the received information, and compensating for the retrieved error.

Abstract: A surveying instrument is provided. The surveying instrument comprises a distance measurement unit and a first optical receiver. The distance measurement unit comprises a transmitter and a detector. The transmitter is configured to emit light via a first optical path. The detector is configured to receive light via the first optical path. The first optical receiver is adapted to receive light via a second optical path. The first optical path includes a front lens, a beam splitting unit, and at least one first focus adjusting element. The at least one first focus adjusting element is configured to adjust a focus of the distance measurement unit. The second optical path includes the front lens, the beam splitting unit and at least one second focus adjusting element. The at least one second focus adjusting element is configured to adjust a focus of the first optical receiver. The beam splitting unit is configured to split the first optical path from the second optical path.

Abstract: There is provided a surveying pole comprising a pole arrangement and a target internally arranged in the pole arrangement, the target being configured to reflect and/or refract light depending on a medium in contact with a surface of the target. A top unit mounted on the pole arrangement comprises a detector unit configured to emit light for propagation in the pole arrangement towards the target, and detect light reflected by the target. Said pole arrangement comprises a first portion forming a reservoir adapted to collect liquid, such that a collected liquid is in contact with said surface of the target. The surveying pole further comprises a control unit configured to, upon an absence of detected light reflected by the target, or upon a decrease in energy level of the detected light reflected by the target, generate a warning signal.

Abstract: A method for generating a point cloud from an image of a scene, the method comprising: obtaining image data representing an image of a scene as captured by an image sensor; generating, based on the image data, an estimated point cloud comprising a plurality of estimated point positions corresponding to features of the scene, by using a machine-learning model trained to estimate point positions from such image data; selecting one or more features of the scene; obtaining, a measured point cloud comprising a plurality of measured point positions measured using electronic distance measurement, said plurality of measured point positions comprising at least respective measured point positions corresponding to the selected one or more features; comparing respective ones of the estimated point positions that correspond to the selected one or more features, and the respective ones of the measured point positions that correspond to the selected one or more features; determining based on the comparison, a transformation

Abstract: A computer-implemented method is disclosed, comprising: receiving, by one or more large language models, LLMs, one or more natural language system prompts which, when processed, causes the one or more LLMs to perform a system method.